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Biomedical subjects

W S Hwang

Publications and source records attributed to W S Hwang.

125 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Vitamin A hepatotoxicity in multiple family members.

Three of five family members experienced symptoms and biochemical evidence of hepatitis that could not be explained on the basis of infectious, metabolic or immunologic disorders of the liver. A history of prolonged ingestion of moderate amounts of vitamin A (20,000 to 45,000 IU per day for 7 to 10 years) was obtained in each of the three family members and was absent in the remaining two unaffected individuals. A liver biopsy performed in one family member confirmed the diagnosis of vitamin A toxicity. This report emphasizes the finding that even moderate amounts of vitamin A, when ingested over a prolonged period of time, can cause significant hepatocellular injury.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of PDE5 inhibition on the erectile function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, DA-8159, on erectile function throughout the quantitative analysis of vascular endothelial cell, smooth muscle (SM), TGF-beta1 expression in rat corpus cavernosum and measurement of intracavernous pressure (ICP) in diabetic rats. DA-8159 (0, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg) was administered orally once a day to diabetic rats. After 8 weeks, immunohistochemistry and computerized image analysis were performed to quantify the percent area within the Corpora Cavernosa occupied by the endothelial cells, SM cells and fibrotic tissues. ICP/mean arterial pressure (MAP) was also measured by electrostimulation of the cavernous nerve. Diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in the SM and endothelial cell content, and an increase in the TGF-beta1 expression level within the cavernosa areas compared to the normal rats. The mean cavernous SM, endothelial cell content and TGF-beta1 expression level were 9.7+/-0.7, 4.5+/-0.7 and 17.9+/-2.1%, respectively. DA-8159 prevented reduction of SM (12.3+/-0.4% (5 mg/kg), 13.8+/-0.4% (20 mg/kg)) and endothelial cell content (5.6+/-0.5% (5 mg/kg), 6.3+/-0.6% (20 mg/kg)). Immunoreactivity of TGF-beta1 and intracorporal fibrosis were also significantly lower in DA-8159-treated groups (11.8+/-1.2% (5 mg/kg), 9.5+/-1.1% (20 mg/kg)). Electrostimulation of the cavernous nerve induced significant increase in maximum ICP (62.2+/-13.6 mmHg in 10 mg/kg vs 37.5+/-17.5 mmHg in diabetic group) and area under the curve of the ratio of ICP/MAP (8891.09+/-1957 in 10 mg/kg vs 6315.87+/-2272 in diabetic group). These results suggest that subchronic treatment of DA-8159 can prevent the development of erectile dysfunction (ED), and provides a rationale for the use of DA-8159 as treatment of diabetic ED.

3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Weekly CAF chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer patients.

In a prospective phase II study, 102 women with advanced breast cancer were treated with low doses of cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil (CAF) at weekly intervals by intravenous injection. Seventy-five patients were evaluable for treatment response and the overall response rate was 52% (95% confidence interval, 41-63%). Of the evaluable patients, 15% had complete response and 37% had partial response. The median survival after therapy was 15.6 months, the median time to progression was 6.8 months and the median duration of response was 9.1 months. The main toxicities were mild vomiting and moderate myelosuppression. There was only 1 patient who experienced heart failure. Weekly CAF appears to have an efficacy with tolerable side effects comparable to standard CAF with an every-3-week schedule.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A case of varix dilatation of the umbilical vein and review of the literature.

Umbilical cord cysts diagnosed antenatally present a challenge to the clinician as they may be associated with adverse perinatal outcomes including abnormal karyotypes and stillbirths. We present a case of an umbilical cord cyst diagnosed by routine ultrasound at 30 weeks of gestation. Findings on sonography included unidirectional movement of echogenic particles suggesting a large varix of the umbilical vein. The patient delivered vaginally at 39 weeks and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Globular smooth-tubule aggregates in thanatophoric dwarfs.

A presumably new structure that we have called "globular smooth-tubule aggregate" was found in the cytoplasm of chondrocytes of 4 thanatophoric dwarfs. To the best of our knowledge these sharply delineated, rounded, sieve-like bodies of distinctive morphology have not been reported to occur in any other site or situation. Hence these structures may be of some diagnostic value. Continuity between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth tubules in the aggregates was detected. Therefore it is suggested that smooth tubules in these aggregates derive by growth and extension from the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Cartilage↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Absence of varicella zoster DNA in varicella embryopathy tissue utilizing the polymerase chain reaction.

We have previously examined a case of varicella embryopathy (VE) occurring in a 41-week gestational age infant, showing some of the most severe lesions reported to be associated with the syndrome to date. A previous survey of the postmortem tissue with two anti-varicella zoster antibodies was negative. It was hypothesized that if varicella-zoster virus (VZV) was associated with VE, a latent viral infection might be expected, similar to that occurring in adults infected with VZV. Subsequently, an attempt was made to identify DNA encoding three separate and specific VZV genes using the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction from formalin-fixed tissues of the central nervous system including cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brainstem, in addition to frozen tissue of liver, adrenal, and thymus. Although amplifications utilizing primers for a normal human DNA sequence (ME491) demonstrated the ability of the samples to serve as a target for the PCR, none of the samples contained amplifiable VZV DNA. Substitution of biotin 11-dUTP in the PCR and subsequent detection of the biotinylated amplimers resulted in a large increase of the sensitivity of the PCR amplimer detection, but still failed to detect the presence of VZV DNA in the samples. The most likely explanation for these findings suggests a complete destruction of fetal tissue tropic for VZV with a subsequent inability for a latent VZV infection to be established.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary cecal lymphoma. Report of a case with preoperative diagnosis by fine needle aspiration and immunocytochemistry.

Fine needle aspiration of a cecal mass was performed on a patient with a cecal tumor and iron-deficiency anemia. Cytologic studies of the air-dried smears showed large cell lymphoma. The diagnosis of large cell lymphoma of the B-cell type was affirmed by immunocytochemical studies and at laparotomy and resection of the tumor. Even under unusual circumstances, the diagnosis of such a rare abdominal lesion as primary cecal lymphoma can be made with certainty by cytologic and immunologic studies of fine needle aspirates.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate. Diagnosis by needle biopsy and immunocytochemistry.

Needle aspiration biopsy of the prostate in a patient who initially presented with multiple metastatic lesions in the lungs and a pleural effusion showed the presence of many malignant cells. These cells appeared either as noncohesive round and oval cells or as clusters. The cytologic impression that these were sarcoma cells was confirmed by subsequent histologic and immunochemical studies. By correlating the cytologic, histologic and immunochemical findings with the clinical findings, it was possible to determine that the primary site of the tumor in this patient was the prostate. Our experience in this case suggests that air-dried smears stained with Romanowsky stains are suitable and useful for cytodiagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytomegaly of pancreatic D cells in triploidy.

Triploidy is a common chromosomal aberration seen in 1% of clinically recognized human pregnancies. Development beyond 10 weeks is unusual. Occasionally fetuses survive past 20 weeks; however, they usually present as a stillbirth with only a few managing some hours of independent life. The clinical features of these infants cover a wide spectrum, but a consistent feature is organ hypoplasia and hypotonia. We observed marked enlargement of somatostatin-producing cells (D cells) in the pancreata of triploid fetuses. Somatostatin-producing cells are widely distributed in normal mammals although concentrated in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract, generally being antiproliferative and having an inhibitory effect on various functions. The control of fetal growth is not well understood. There is, however, some evidence that somatostatin does play a significant part and our consistent observation of cytomegaly of the pancreatic D cells in growth-retarded triploid fetuses provides more support for this contention.

Case-Control Studies↗