Biomedical subjects

W S Veeman

Publications and source records attributed to W S Veeman.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Characterization of quantum algorithms by quantum process tomography using quadrupolar spins in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance.

NMR quantum computing with qubit systems represented by nuclear spins (I=12) in small molecules in liquids has led to the most successful experimental quantum information processors so far. We use the quadrupolar spin-32 sodium nuclei of a NaNO3 single crystal as a virtual two-qubit system. The large quadrupolar coupling in comparison with the environmental interactions and the usage of strongly modulating pulses allow us to manipulate the system fast enough and at the same time keeping the decoherence reasonably slow. The experimental challenge is to characterize the "calculation" behavior of the quantum processor by process tomography which is here adapted to the quadrupolar spin system. The results of a selection of quantum gates and algorithms are presented as well as a detailed analysis of experimental results.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2000

Diffusion in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms: a pulsed field gradient NMR study.

A Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm is studied with pulsed field gradient echo nuclear magnetic resonance. Although not all spectral components are assigned yet, the experimental results show that a biofilm consists of components with very different diffusion coefficients. The various biofilm components that give motionally narrowed 1H NMR signals, can be grouped into five classes with diffusion coefficients, ranging from 2 x 10(-9) to 1 x 10(-13) m2 s-1. Investigation of the diffusion behavior of water in the biofilm shows three fractions with different diffusion coefficients. Besides the highly mobile bulk water at least two other fractions with much lower diffusion coefficients are detected. It is shown that one of the fractions with the low diffusion coefficient probably arises from intracellular water. Also for another component of the biofilm, glycerol, three fractions with diffusion coefficients that differ more than a factor ten are detected. Also a group of signals exists which result from practically immobile components.

Alginates↗

PubMed1996

Determination of the 13C magnetic shielding tensor in partially oriented polymer systems.

It is shown that, for an oriented sample, the 13C magnetic shielding tensor of a specific nucleus can be determined from the spinning sideband intensities in a 2D spectrum obtained from a 13C rotor-synchronized 2D CPMAS experiment, originally designed by Harbison and co-workers (G.S. Harbison, V. Vogt and H.W. Spiess, J. Chem. Phys., 86(3) (1987) 1206; G.S. Harbison, H.W. Spiess, Chem. Phys. Lett., 124 (1986) 128). In our fitting procedure, we combined their multilinear regression analysis for the determination of the order parameters with a variation both of the principal values of the magnetic shielding tensor and of the direction of the principal axes relative to the molecule. The magnetic shielding principal elements of the nonprotonated aromatic carbon in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibres and of the aromatic carbons in the central ring of an oriented liquid crystalline polymer network are reported. We estimate that the accuracy of the principal values is within 5 ppm.

Acrylates↗

PubMed1995

14N population transfers in two-dimensional 13C-14N-1H triple-resonance magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

A two-dimensional (2D) experiment has been used to show that 14N irradiation and magic-angle spinning (MAS) results in population transfers between the 14N Zeeman levels. This experiment was applied to a sample of N-acetyl-D,L-valine, a material where asymmetric doublets resulting from 13C-14N dipolar coupling are clearly resolved in the 13C spectrum at a field of 7 T for Carbon atoms directly bonded to the nitrogen atom. The 13C transverse magnetization was allowed to evolve in the F1 and F2 dimensions, and the 14N spins were irradiated during the mixing period. Cross-peaks were observed in the 2D 13C spectrum between the two peaks of the CH asymmetric doublet. Since one peak of the doublet results primarily from coupling to the [formula: see text] state and the other peak from coupling to [formula: see text] states, population changes between the 14N Zeeman levels have occurred during the mixing period. These population transfers are a consequence of the time dependence of the 14N quadrupole splitting Q under MAS conditions and 14N irradiation. Level anti-crossings of the 14N Zeeman levels occur at the zero-crossings of Q, and a continuous and slow change in Q will result in the transfer of 14N populations between the different Zeeman levels. If these passages are adiabatic, then the system returns to its original state after two zero-crossings. This is consistent with the experimental observation that the intensities of the cross-peaks for 14N irradiation are greater for half a rotor period than a full rotor period.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy↗

PubMed1994

Multiple-quantum nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of coupled 1/2 spins in solids. Combination with cross-polarization and magic-angle spinning.

Proton multiple-quantum coherence spectroscopy has been combined with magic-angle spinning (MAS) and cross-polarization (CP). This enables the detection of the proton (or any other abundant spin) multiple-quantum coherence spectrum via the high-resolution 13C (any other spin) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum. For this purpose multiple-quantum pulse sequences synchronised to sample rotation have been designed, and the average Hamiltonians of these sequences have been analysed. The analysis allows the design of optimal experimental conditions. As a demonstration of the technique, it has been applied to a mixture of adamantane and hexamethylethane. From earlier 13C spin diffusion experiments it was known that these two molecules form a mixed crystal. With our technique we detected two different phases with different molecular translational self-diffusion coefficients in this system.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy↗

PubMed1993

Spin density description of rotational-echo double-resonance, transferred-echo double-resonance and two-dimensional transferred-echo double-resonance solid state nuclear magnetic resonance.

The spin density matrix formalism has been applied to rotational-echo double-resonance (REDOR), transferred-echo double-resonance (TEDOR) and two-dimensional (2D) TEDOR experiments in order to obtain an expression for the signal intensities. TEDOR spectra of 15N-labeled glycine were measured with different dipolar evolution times. 2D-TEDOR spectra were measured of doubly labeled glycine-2-13C, 15N and of 15N-labeled glycine. Both the TEDOR and the 2D-TEDOR spectra were readily obtained although the 2D-TEDOR experiment on 15N-labeled glycine used a lot of machine time. Even though the 15N-1-13C dipolar coupling is relatively small (200 Hz), the 1-C resonance can still be observed.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy↗

PubMed1993

Experimental detection of multiple-quantum coherence transfer in coupled spin solids by multi-dimensional NMR experiments.

Three-dimensional multiple-quantum coherence experiments in coupled 1/2 spin solids have been designed to directly detect coherence transfers among all the accessible coherence orders during irradiation. The experiments have been performed on the coupled four-spin polycrystalline sample 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene-bis(hexachlorocyclopentadiene) adduct. The experimental results reveal how the coherences transfer in this spin system, which support the theoretically deduced selection rules and can be used to assist more precise description of multiple-quantum coherence dynamics.

Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated↗

PubMed1992

NMR imaging of solids with magic angle spinning.

Different aspects of solid state NMR imaging are reviewed, with emphasis on imaging in combination with line narrowing, especially in combination with magic angle spinning. Experimental results obtained with the latter technique are discussed, along with the implications of magic angle spinning on slice selection.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy↗

PubMed1992

The determination of the average 27Al-31P distance in aluminophosphate molecular sieves with SEDOR NMR.

The average 27Al-31P distances in an aluminophosphate, AlPO4-5, and in a silicoaluminophosphate, SAPO-11, were determined by using Spin Echo DOuble Resonance (SEDOR). A calculated SEDOR curve was fitted to the data in order to obtain the dipolar coupling constant. The tetrahedral surrounding of 27Al by four 31P atoms in the second coordination sphere was taken into account in the calculation of the theoretical SEDOR curve. The average 27Al-31P distances obtained by using this technique proved to be in good agreement with X-ray diffraction data.

Aluminum↗

PubMed1987

High-resolution solid-state 13C-NMR study of carbons C-5 and C-12 of the chromophore of bovine rhodopsin. Evidence for a 6-S-cis conformation with negative-charge perturbation near C-12.

Solid-state 13C magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy has been employed to study the conformation of the 11-cis-retinylidene Schiff base chromophore in bovine rhodopsin. Spectra were obtained from lyophilized samples of bovine rhodopsin selectively 13C-labeled at position C-5 or C-12 of the retinyl moiety, and reconstituted in the fully saturated branched-chain phospholipid diphytanoyl glycerophosphocholine. Comparison of the NMR parameters for carbon C-5 presented in this paper with those published for retinyl Schiff base model compounds and bacteriorhodopsin by Harbison and coworkers [Harbison et al. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 6955-6962], indicate that in bovine rhodopsin the C-6-C-7 single bond has the unperturbed cis conformation. This is in contrast to the 6-S-trans conformation found in bacteriorhodopsin. The NMR parameters for bovine [12-13C]rhodopsin present evidence for the presence of a negative charge interacting with the retinyl moiety near C-12, in agreement with the model for the opsin shift presented by Honig and Nakanishi and coworkers [Kakitani et al. (1985) Photochem. Photobiol. 41, 471-479].

Animals↗

PubMed1981

Magic angle spinning carbon-13 NMR of tobacco mosaic virus. An application of the high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy to very large biological systems.

Magic angle spinning 13C NMR was used to study tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in solution. Well-resolved 13C NMR spectra were obtained, in which several carbon resonances of amino acids of the TMV coat protein subunits that are not observable by conventional high-resolution NMR spectroscopy can be designed. RNA resonance were absent, however, in the magic angle spinning 13C NMR spectra. Since three different binding sites are available for each nucleotide of the RNA, this is probably due to a line broadening caused by distributions of isotropic chemical shift values. In 13C-enriched TM 13C-13C dipolar interactions also gave rise to line broadening. By suitable pulse techniques that discriminate carbon resonances on the basis of their T1 and T1 rho values, it was possible to select particular groups of carbon nuclei with characteristic motional properties. Magic angle spinning 13C NMR spectra obtained with these pulse techniques are extremely well resolved.

Carbon Isotopes↗