ELECTRON MICROSCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF NUCLEAR EVAGINATION IN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIUM.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to W STOECKENIUS.
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A particulate component of mitochondria is described which is observed in negatively stained preparations of unfixed whole mitochondria or their fragments. It consists of a roughly spherical particle, approximately 85 A in diameter, found on the surface of the cristae and probably also on the side of the mitochondrial envelope which faces the matrix. It is attached to the underlying membrane by a narrow stalk 40 to 50 A long. The particle appears to be rather labile and it is destroyed or at least rendered unrecognizable by all conventional fixatives used in electron microscopy, especially OsO(4).
OsO(4) fixation preserves some liquid-crystalline phases of soaps and phospholipids to an extent that it is possible to observe their structure in electron micrographs of thin sections. Good agreement exists between the structure observed directly and that deduced from x-ray diffraction studies of the same systems.
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Single DNA molecules can be rendered visible in the electron microscope by "staining" with water-soluble salts of heavy metals. The best results were obtained with lanthanum nitrate, uranyl acetate, and lead perchlorate. The molecules appear as filaments approximately 20 A wide. Their length was not determined, but it could be shown that it varied with the molecular weight of the DNA used. The same heavy metal salts will preferentially "stain" the nucleic acid in a protein-DNA complex. Evidence is provided for the possibility of a partial separation of a double-stranded molecule into single strands on adsorption to the supporting film.
In the electron microscope, thin sections of OsO(4)-fixed myelin figures from the phospholipide fraction of human brain show a pattern of parallel dark lines with a repeating period of about 40 A. It is shown that the dark lines probably represent the reaction product of OsO(4) with double bonds in the fatty acid chains, thereby marking the central portion of one bimolecular lamella. The addition of globin results in dense lines 25 to 50 A wide that cover the surface of the myelin figures. When such a figure consists of only two bimolecular leaflets of lipide covered with globin, the structure shows striking similarity to the image of cell membranes in fixed tissue sections. A hypothetical schema is given of the molecular structure of the figure, and the distribution of OsO(4) in it.
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