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Biomedical subjects

W Schilling

Publications and source records attributed to W Schilling.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Endothelium-dependent relaxant effect of neurokinins on rabbit aorta is mediated by the NK1 receptor.

Several neurokinins, namely substance P, neurokinin A, neurokinin B, [beta-Ala8]neurokinin A-(4-10) and senktide, were tested on noradrenaline-precontracted rabbit aortic rings to characterize the receptor mediating their endothelium-dependent relaxant effect in this preparation. CP-96,345, the new nonpeptide antagonist selective for the NK1 receptor, was also studied. Substance P, neurokinin A and neurokinin B, in that order of potency, were effective in relaxing precontracted rings, indicating the involvement of the NK1 receptor; [beta-Ala8]neurokinin A-(4-10) and senktide, which are selective agonists for NK2 and NK3 receptors, respectively, had no significant relaxant effect. The relaxant effects of substance P, neurokinin A and neurokinin B were competitively antagonized by nanomolar concentrations of CP-96,345. These findings support the view that the NK1 receptor mediates the endothelium-dependent relaxant effect of the neurokinins in rabbit aorta.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Bradykinin and other inflammatory mediators in BAL-fluid from patients with active pulmonary inflammation.

We evaluated the levels of bradykinin, albumin, TAME-esterase activity, histamine, PGD2 and LTC4 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from asthmatics and from patients with pneumonia, sarcoidosis, fibrosis, and chronic bronchitis. Compared with the results of healthy volunteers and atopic asymptomatic asthmatics the bradykinin levels and TAME-esterase activity were significantly elevated. In all other groups, histamine was additionally elevated in asymptomatic asthmatics, whereas albumin was elevated in symptomatic asthmatics and fibrosis patients, and decreased in chronic bronchitis and pneumonia patients. Following local intrabronchial allergen challenge of mild grass pollen asthmatics out of season bradykinin levels increased significantly, correlated with albumin, histamine and TAME-esterase activity. In contrast to the increased mediator concentrations in the early phase reaction there was no change of BAL cells in asthmatics compared to baseline and healthy volunteers. The presence of bradykinin in the bronchoalveolar space of patients with active pulmonary inflammations and bradykinin generation in asthmatics as a result of intrabronchial allergen challenge provides strong evidence that kinins are involved in inflammatory disorders of the lower airways.

Asthma↗
PubMed1991

[Primary pulmonary hypertension. An overview with special reference to risk-benefit analysis of therapy].

The primary pulmonary hypertension is a severe disease with bad prognosis. It can be subdivided into three subtypes with various vasoreactive properties of the arterial lung blood vessels what is important to know concerning the medicamentous therapy. Long term effects of vasodilators are still in dispute, although, recently some drugs with vasodilating properties seem to be promising in the treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension. The heart-lung-transplantation could be an alternative in therapy.

Heart-Lung Transplantation↗
PubMed1990

[Therapeutic principles in pulmonary heart disease and right heart insufficiency].

Until now the pathomechanism of pulmonary heart disease is insufficiently elucidated. Therefore, at present, rational therapeutical concepts are possible only in chronic obstructive lung diseases. Without any modification, the principle of comprehensive treatment of the basic pulmonary disease remains valid. In the symptomatic therapy of the pulmonary heart disease, in first place the long-term oxygen therapy becomes mandatory. Treatment with vasodilatory drugs remains in the long-term activity disappointing. Reasonable expectations are directed to clinical trials of angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitors. Cardiac glycosides remain reserved for manifest cardiac failure. The stabilization of the acid-base-balance is of great importance for the efficacy of treatment. The decision on the use of additives depends upon a critical evaluation of the actual clinical state and upon the consideration of the risks from polymorbidity.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1990

[Current state of lung transplantation].

Since the beginning of the eightieth the combined heart lung transplantation and two years later the single lung transplantation were established as therapeutical techniques in the treatment of patients with severe heart diseases and lung hypertension as well as patients with end-stage lung diseases. After numerous experimental studies clinical success was reached, but a real progress in the operation technique concerning long term effects was attained only after experimental investigations in primates. The introduction of Cyclosporin in the clinical practice was important for the control of immunological reactions. Especially the single lung transplantation and the "domino"-principle are to stress concerning an increase of availability of donor organs. The lung transplantation opened besides the therapeutical value new aspects in the investigation of physiology and biology of the respiration and lung.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Tuberculosis among immigrants in East Germany].

The number of new cases of tuberculosis decreased hardly during the last seven years in the GDR. This is especially seen in the age group of 20 to 29 years. The percentage of immigrants with tuberculosis in the age group named above increased from 24% (1982) to 41% (1988). Special attention is to pay to the case finding of tuberculosis among the GDR citizens at the age of 20-29 years as the number of new cases of tuberculosis did not change in the last years.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1990

The influence of nifedipine (Corinfar) on pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive lung disease.

Calcium antagonists may provide an effective approach to the treatment of pulmonary hypertension disorders. Under this aspect we examined 44 patients by right heart catheterisation at rest and at exercise before and after sublingual application of a single dose of 20 mg nifedipine (Corinfar) as well as under continuous dosage of 30-60 mg daily. In patients with latent pulmonary hypertension we ascertained an efficient significant decrease of PAP, 15 of 18 patients were responders. This protective effect persists in the longterm studies after 1 year as well as after 2 years at equal magnitude. In patients with manifest pulmonary hypertension the influence on pulmonary hemodynamics was not so efficient. This behaviour is caused by morphological fixation of pulmonary hypertension. Therefore the determination of magnitude of pulmonary hypertension by right heart catheterisation is necessary for evaluation of nifedipine therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Status, development and trends in the epidemiology of tuberculosis in East Germany since 1982].

The article is an epidemiologic review of the situation in the German Democratic Republic with regard to tuberculosis. Conclusions for the future strategy to fight tuberculosis are drawn. During the past few years the drop in the incidence of tuberculosis, especially of bacillary pulmonary tuberculosis, is no longer as marked as it had been previously. Today, tuberculosis is a disease of middle and advanced age, under present prevailing conditions. The strategy for the discovery of new cases of tuberculosis must be adapted to these facts. For surveillance of tuberculosis during the coming years it will be necessary to explore new methods of case finding and of the discovery of sources of infection, screening of high-risk groups and examination of patients with bronchopulmonary signs and symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Position, development and trends in the epidemiology of tuberculosis in the GDR 1982-1987].

On the occasion of the commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the discovery of the tubercle bacillus by Robert Koch, in 1982, it could be stated that in GDR, like in other developed countries, tuberculosis is not any more a serious problem of public health but has changed to a much reduced endemic disease. After evaluation of the most important parameters of the tuberculosis problem, morbidity, mortality, and infection rate, conclusions are drawn for the future strategy of tuberculosis control. After the rapid decline of the incidence of new tuberculosis cases during the seventies, also during the last 5 years the epidemiology figures were favourable. But it has to be stated, that during the last years the decrease of the incidence of new cases of all forms of the disease was less pronounced, and with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis a stagnation of the incidence occurred in the last four-years-period. Today, under our circumstances, tuberculosis is mainly a disease of middle and higher age. Therefore, the strategy of detection of new cases has to be adapted to and developed according to these conditions. New methods of case finding, detection of infection sources, screening or risk groups, and the investigation of patients with bronchopulmonary symptoms must be developed. Also during the next years, strict surveillance of tuberculosis remains mandatory.

Germany, East↗
PubMed1989

[Tuberculosis control strategy after 1988].

The early detection of new cases of tuberculosis, especially such with positive sputum, and the application of potent chemotherapy aiming at an early and lasting elimination of potential infection sources are urgent requirements of the basic strategy to combat the disease. The case finding must mainly aim at patients with bronchopulmonary complaints lasting over 3 to 4 weeks. X-ray testing of the whole population is no longer necessary. It should be abandoned in favour of careful screening of well defined high-risk-groups. Bacteriological diagnostics and tuberculin testing are now of greater importance within the changing case-finding-strategy. Major changes of therapeutical principles are not to be expected. Generalized protection and isolation measures should be critically scrutinized and reduced to the strictly necessary. Until the final eradication of tuberculosis a generally acceptable strategy related to the dynamic is required.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1988

[Chronic respiratory insufficiency and pulmonary heart disease--therapeutic aspects].

The term chronic respiratory insufficiency embraces always the involvement of the heart under the picture of pulmonary heart disease. The pathogenetic peculiarities of the impairment of the heart function and of the development of oedemas must be considered in the treatment. At present, treatment can only be symptomatic, and its long-term efficiency must be critically estimated. The importance of long-term oxygen therapy at home is explained.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1988

[Pathophysiology of chronic respiratory insufficiency in obstructive lung diseases--principles of rational functional diagnosis].

The pathology of the chronic obstructive lung diseases is essentially characterized by the disturbance of the distribution of ventilation and perfusion as well as by the alveolar hypoventilation. Causally the pathomechanisms of the bronchial obstruction determine the functional disturbances. For the purpose of qualification and quantification of the diagnostics in the practice a rational functional diagnostics has to concentrate itself to the determination of the airway resistances and the analysis of the blood gas.

Carbon Dioxide↗