PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

W Sheridan

Publications and source records attributed to W Sheridan.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Plasma fatty acid profiles in benign breast disorders.

Breast pain (mastalgia) and macroscopic breast cysts present commonly. Mastalgia may be improved by dietary manipulation to reduce saturated fat or supplement essential fatty acid intake. Fatty acid profiles were measured in women with mastalgia and breast cysts, before and during treatment with evening primrose oil, a rich source of essential fatty acids. The fatty acid profiles of both groups of patients were abnormal, with increased proportions of saturated fatty acids and reduced proportions of essential fatty acids. Treatment with evening primrose oil improved the fatty acid profiles towards normal, but this was not necessarily associated with a clinical response.

Breast Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Studies of oral neutrophil levels in patients receiving G-CSF after autologous marrow transplantation.

Patients are at risk of mucositis and infections in the oral cavity during the neutropenic period after chemotherapy, which are significant causes of morbidity. In phase I/II studies with the haemopoietic growth factor granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a reduction in post-chemotherapy mucositis has been observed in addition to haematologic effects. To understand this phenomenon better in patients receiving G-CSF following high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT), we studied the effects of G-CSF on levels of neutrophils recoverable from the oral cavity using a quantitative mouthrinse assay. In normal subjects, mouthrinses contained 472 +/- 329 x 10(3) neutrophils/mouthrinse. After chemotherapy followed by ABMT, mouthrinse neutrophil levels decreased to undetectable levels during the neutropenic period, but recovered 1-2 and 3-9 d before circulating neutrophil levels reached 0.1 and 1 x 10(9)/l respectively, whether or not patients received G-CSF. In patients who received G-CSF, the mean cumulative mucositis score was reduced from 35 +/- 9 to 21 +/- 12 (P < 0.05), and the maximum mean daily mucositis score was reduced from 2.8 +/- 0.5 to 1.7 +/- 0.9 (P < 0.01), compared to patients who did not receive G-CSF after ABMT. These studies provide in vivo evidence that neutrophils produced during G-CSF therapy are available to leave the circulation and enter tissues where their function is required for host defence. Since the usual temporal relationship between oral and peripheral blood neutrophil recovery was preserved during G-CSF administration after ABMT, these data support the hypothesis that the reduction in post-ABMT mucositis observed with G-CSF therapy may reflect a beneficial effect of G-CSF on the kinetics of oral mucosal neutrophil recovery in addition to the effect of G-CSF to accelerate peripheral blood neutrophil recovery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Pachymeningitis associated with a pulmonary nodule.

The authors report a case of hypertrophic pachymeningitis, a rare cause of spinal cord compression. In this patient, dural inflammation was associated with a histologically identical pulmonary lesion. Such an association has not been described previously and supports the hypothesis that this disease is related to other connective tissue disorders.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Induction of lethal mutations in female mice by 9 generations of gamma-irradiation during foetal development.

Female CBA mice were chronically gamma-irradiated in utero during either of two periods, the 10th to 14th days or the 14th to 18th days of gestation. The doses administered were 34 rad/generation in the earlier group and 160 rad/generation in the latter with dose rates of 0.3 rad/h and 1.7 rad/h, respectively. The doses were given through 9 generations. The effect of the irradiation was expressed as an increased frequency in the rate of recessive lethal equivalents by just above 4%. This corresponds to a mutation rate of 1.5 X 10(-4) mutation/rad/genome in the animals irradiated during the 10th to 14th gestational days and 0.3 X 10(-4) mutation/rad/genome in the 14th to 18th day group. As in earlier investigations, neither dominant mutations nor dominance effects of induced recessive lethal equivalents were found.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Increased frequencies of aberrant sperm as indicators of mutagenic damage in mice.

We have tested the effects of TEM in 3 strains of mice using the sperm morphology assay. In addition, we have made an attempt to evaluate this test system with respect to experimental design, statistical problems and possible interlaboratory differences. Treatment with TEM results in significant increases in the percent of abnormally shaped sperm. These increases are readily detectable in sperm treated as spermatocytes and spermatogonial stages. Our data indicate possible problems associated with inter-laboratory variation in slide analysis. We have found that despite the introduction of such sources of variation, our data were consistent with respect to the effects of TEM. Another area of concern in the sperm morphology test is the presence of "outlier" animals. In our study, such animals comprised 4% of the total number of animals considered. Statistical analysis of the slides from these animals have shown that this problem can be dealt with and that when recognized as such, "outliers" do not effect the outcome of the sperm morphology assay.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Expression of TEM-induced damage to postmeiotic stages of spermatogenesis of the mouse during early embryogenesis. II. Cytological investigations.

After treatment of postmeiotic stages of spermatogenesis of the mouse with TEM (0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg), dose- and stage-of-spermatogenesis-dependent frequencies of cytogenetic aberrations can be observed in early embryos. The frequencies of first-cleavage metaphases exhibiting structural aberrations (all of the chromosome type), the frequencies of 2 cell embryos and of 4--8 cell embryos containing nuclei accompanied by micronuclei or nuclei connected by bridges show a close correlation to frequencies of preimplantation loss of embryos recorded in a dominant lethal test. The frequencies of morulae/blastulae exhibiting blastomeres with micronuclei show a close correlation to the frequencies of total (pre- and post-implantation) loss of embryos. This indicates delayed expression of TEM-induced chromosomal damage which could persist undetected in very early stages of embryogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Expression of TEM-induced damage to postmeiotic stages of spermatogenesis of the mouse during early embryogenesis. I. Investigations with in vitro embryo culture.

After treatment of postmeiotic stages of spermatogenesis of the mouse with TEM, dose and stage of spermatogenesis-dependent disturbances of the early embryonic development can be observed both in vivo and after in vitro culture of the embryos. The observations in both systems can be correlated. The embryo-culture system thereby enables analysis of the expression of mutagen-induced damage more accurately than the in vivo dominant lethal test. With the doses used (0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg) TEM-treatment of the fathers did not affect the rate of fertilized and cleaving eggs during the first three weeks post-treatment but severely disturbed the further development of the embryos at all stages up to implantation, exhibiting a maximum effect on morulae.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Triethylenemelamine induced dominant lethals in mice--comparisons of oral versus intraperitoneal injection.

We have compared the relative effectiveness of oral and i.p. injections of triethylenemelamine (TEM) in inducing dominant lethality in male mice. The standard dominant lethal protocol was used in these experiments. TEM, when injected i.p. resulted in significant increased in fetal mortality during the first three weeks post-treatment. Decreases in the number of implants per pregnant female were noted during this same period, with only minor decreases in fertility. In contrast, oral injections of TEM resulted in only fluctuations in the percent of fetal mortality. In addition, oral injections of TEM did not result in significant differences in either total implants or percent fertility. Possible causes of the observed differences between these two routes of administration are discussed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Postoperative physiotherapy device for mandibular hypomobility.

The most difficult problem in the treatment of ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint is to maintain the immediate jaw mobility gained by surgery over a long period of time. This article describes a spring-loaded device for physiotherapy which provides an active opening force from the mandibular splint, distributed against a splint on the maxillary teeth and hard palate. Because the force is continuous and broadly distributed, patients have been able to exercise with minimal discomfort, and they have been able to maintain their initial postoperative mobility.

Ankylosis↗
PubMed1975

Lack of induction of dominant lethals in mice by orally administered AF-2.

In a series of toxicity tests, male mice of three inbred strains were exposed to several doses of orally administered furylfuramide (AF-2). Subsequent to these test the effects of AF-2, as measured by induced dominant lethals, were tested in strain DBA/2J mice. AF-2 at the doses used in this study was relatively non-toxic to the strains of mice tested. No indication of AF-2 induced dominant lethality was observed.

Acrylamides↗
PubMed1975

Genetic effects of acute and chronic irradiation with 14 MeV neutrons.

Male CBA mice were exposed to 14.5 MeV neutron, either in an acute (150 or 250 rad) or a chronic dose (250 rad) and the genetic effects of the irradiations were compared. No detectable difference in the rate of mutations existed between acute and chronic exposure, with these neutrons.

Animals↗