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Biomedical subjects

W Stach

Publications and source records attributed to W Stach.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity in the human small intestine.

Calcitonin-gene-related-peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity was localized in nerve fibres, neuronal somata and in mucosal endocrine cells of the human small intestine. Immunoreactive enteric neurons were more numerous in the submucous plexuses than in the myenteric plexus. Morphologically, they predominantly had the appearance of type II neurons. The majority of the CGRP-like immunoreactive nerve fibres ran within the ganglionic nerve plexuses. Only a small proportion could be observed in the lamina propria, the lamina muscularis mucosae, or the circular and longitudinal outer smooth muscle layer. These findings suggest that within the wall of the human small intestine neuronal CGRP of either extrinsic or intrinsic origin exerts its effect chiefly on other enteric neurons, and might be indirectly involved in the regulatory functions of the human small intestine.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Functional morphology of the enteric nervous system with special reference to large mammals.

This short review reports the latest insights into the structural organization of the enteric nervous system, with special emphasis on the intrinsic innervation of the intestinal tract of large omnivorous mammals such as the pig. Using various techniques, including lesion experiments, morphological and neurochemical features of distinct neuronal populations as well as the direction of the axonal processes within the different nerve networks could be revealed. Special attention was paid to the considerable species differences in this respect between large omnivorous animals and humans on the one hand and small laboratory animals on the other hand.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Fine structure of morphologically well-defined type II neurons in the enteric nervous system of the porcine small intestine revealed by immunoreactivity for calcitonin gene-related peptide.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing perikarya and axonal processes were localized by preembedding electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry in the porcine small intestine. Immunoreactive well-defined type II neurons were localized in the plexus myentericus, and plexus submucosus externus and internus. In some cases, they were found in direct contact to the basal lamina surrounding the ganlion, thus being in close apposition to the interstitial space. The perikarya are generally larger than the immunogative nerve cell bodies and have a typical smooth outline. The electron-microscopic features of the labeled nerve processes investigated provide evidence for their axonal nature. These ultrastructural observations confirm previous light-microscopic results which showed that CGRP-containing nerve cells in the porcine small intestine belong to the neuronal population of the type II cells, the processes of which display the ultrastructural features of axons. A large number of reactive varicosities show synaptic specializations on immunonegative nerve cell bodies, suggesting that at least part of the type II neurons have post-synaptic effects on CGRP-negative neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Immunohistochemical visualization of the nervous system in the porcine small intestine using antisera raised against the cytoskeletal proteins MAP1 and MAP2, in combination with neuropeptide immunocytochemistry.

This investigation was performed to determine whether antisera raised against microtubule-associated proteins, i.e. MAP1 and MAP2, may constitute an alternative to the silver-impregnation studies for the identification of the distinct morphological enteric neuronal cell types in the porcine small intestine. MAP1-immunostaining seems less suited since it preferentially stains the neuronal somata and axons and hardly permits to observe the dendritic processes. MAP2-immunostaining chiefly visualizes the perikaryal-dendritic domain and the proximal part of the axonal processes in the enteric neurons of the porcine gut. Hence, MAP2-immunostaining enables for the first time the unambiguous immunocytochemical identification of enteric multi(short)dendritic uniaxonal type I neurons. Double labelling techniques using antisera against MAP2 and substance P indicate that part of the type I neurons in the myenteric plexus of the porcine small intestine, which are taking part in an ascending pathway, are substance P-immunoreactive, whereas the substance P/neuromedin U-minineurons in the Meissner's plexus do not stain for MAP2. We may conclude that, although MAP2-immunostaining falls short of the quality achieved with silver-impregnation, the possibility to combine MAP2-immunostaining with neuropeptide immunocytochemistry to study the intestinal neurons has the advantage that part of the enteric neuron types stained with a distinct neurotransmitter or neuromodulator can be classified morphologically.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Distinct distribution of CGRP-, enkephalin-, galanin-, neuromedin U-, neuropeptide Y-, somatostatin-, substance P-, VIP- and serotonin-containing neurons in the two submucosal ganglionic neural networks of the porcine small intestine.

In addition to differences between the two submucosal ganglionic neural networks, i.e., the plexus submucosus externus (Schabadasch) and the plexus submucosus internus (Meissner), with respect to the occurrence and distribution of serotonin as neurotransmitter, immunocytochemistry also revealed a distinct distribution for various neuropeptides in these two plexuses. Immunoreactivity for galanin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, neuromedin U, enkephalin, somatostatin and neuropeptide Y was found in varicose and non-varicose nerve fibres of both submucosal ganglionic plexuses, albeit with a distinct distributional pattern. The difference in neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator content between both neural networks became even more obvious when attention was focussed on the immunoreactivity of the nerve cell bodies for these substances. Indeed, neuropeptide Y, enkephalin- and somatostatin-immunoreactive neuronal perikarya as well as serotonergic neuronal cell bodies appear solely in the plexus submucosus externus. Neuromedin U-immunoreactive perikarya, mostly coexisting with substance P, are observed in large numbers in the plexus submucosus internus, whilst they are rare in the plexus submucosus externus. Double-labelling immunostaining for substance P with CGRP and galanin revealed a different coexistence pattern for the two submucosal ganglionic plexuses. The differing chemical content of the neuronal populations supports the hypothesis that the existence of the two submucosal ganglionic plexuses, present in most large mammals including man, not only reflects a morphological difference but also points to differentiated functions.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Differentiated vascularization of Dogiel's cell types and the preferred vascularization of type I/2 cells within plexus myentericus (Auerbach) ganglia of the pig (author's transl)].

It could be proved that the typ I/2-cells are the preferred capillarized nerve cells not only in the plexus Schabadasch (Stach 1977a), but also in the plexus Auerbach. It underlines the special importance of this type of cells for the function of the nervous system of the intestinal wall. Our findings concerning the vascularisation of the intramural nerve plexuses allow to conclude that the regular blood-supply is decisively important for a normal function of the nervous system of the intestinal wall. The knowledge of these facts might be of interest for gastroenterology.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Innervation of the mucosa of the small intestine of laboratory animals. I. Architecture, light microscopic structure and histochemical differentiation].

1. The small intestine mucosa has a dense and differentiated innervation. The most dense nerve plexuses are contained in the villi. Each tubular gland is surrounded by a rope-ladder-like plexus, mostly developed in the lower and upper third. 2. According to our observations most of the axons in the mucosa are cholinergic. Cholinergic and adrenergic axons take part in the innervation of the glands. Moreover enterochromaffine cells can be innervated for instance sympathetically. Intraepithelial axons could not be found.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1979

[Innervation of the small intestinal mucosa of laboratory animals. II. Ultrastructure of neuro-cellular connections].

In addition to our light microscopic contribution (Stach, Hung 1978) giving an insight into the density, architecture, histochemical variety and relations between plexus mucosus and Lieberkühn's glands the herewith presented electron microscopic results reveal mainly neuro-cellular relations from the lamina propria. This means that the plexus mucosus has mainly the function to innervate blood vessels and lymphatics as well as smooth muscle cells and connective tissue cells (mast cells, histiocytes, plasma cells) of the small intestine mucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Procedure for the simultaneous large-scale isolation of pullulanase and 1,4-alpha-glucan phosphorylase from Klebsiella pneumoniae involving liquid-liquid separations.

A procedure for the simultaneous large-scale isolation of pullulanase and 1,4-alpha-glucan phosphorylase from Klebsiella pneumoniae is described. The pullulanase is solubilized from the cell wall by cholate treatment; cells and cell debris are removed by partition in a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-dextran two-phase system and from the upper (PEG) phase of this system the pullulanase is isolated by ultrafiltration and precipitation with N-cetyl,N-,N-,N-trimethyl ammonium bromide to a purity of about 80% with a yield of 70%. The preparations are free of alpha-amylase activity. The cell containing dextran-rich phase is passed through a Manton-Gaulin homogenizer. Then the phosphorylase is separated from the cell debris by partition in a second PEG-dextran system. From the top phase of this system the phosphorylase is isolated by distribution in a PEG-salt two-phase system followed by batch adsorption on carboxymethyl-Sephadex in a yield of 55%, a purity of around 90%, and nearly free of glycosyltransferase activity. All steps in the isolation of the two enzymes can be performed easily in a large scale.

Cell Fractionation↗
PubMed1978

[Vascularization of the plexus myentericus (Auerbach) in the small intestine of swine and cats].

The ganglia of the plexus myentericus (Auerbach) have their own self-acting vascularization in the form of periganglionic capillary networks. As to the architecture and density, they are quite different from the intramuscular capillary bed. Just as the arterial trunk and arcade vessels, the terminal arterioles and sphincter capillaries running into the periganglionic cappillary network are innervated by noradrenergic axons. Together with periganglionic arteriovenous short circuits, this means favorable prerequisites for a functionally adapted blood supply of the ganglia. The specific arrangement of intramuscular vessels and the plexus Auerbach effects the maintenance of the close topographic and functional relations between both systems in all cases of changes of the shape of the intestinal wall.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[The vascularization of the submucous external plexus (Schabadasch) and the submucous internal plexus (Meissner) in the small intestine of swine and cat].

Each ganglion of the plexus Schabadasch is supplied by a specific periganglionic capillary network. Within the plexus Meissner, several ganglia are connected to circulation areas. The communicating branches of the plexus Schabadasch have their own capillary system; as to the plexus Meissner, this is valid for the cat only. The results allow to conclude that the centres of the intramural nervous system of the intestinal wall are equipped with a preferred and self-acting vascularization.

Anatomy, Comparative↗
PubMed1978

[Light microscopic and histochemical results on the innervation of Brunner's glands in the duodenum of laboratory animals (author's transl)].

Brunner's glands of cats and guinea-pigs for instance are staffed with a well formed nerve plexus of cholinergic and adrenergic axons. Corresponding to numerous neurophysiologic results the excretory glandular cells and the enterochromaffine cells of Brunner's glands are subjected to a differentiated adreno-cholinergic influence.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1977

[Vascularization of plexus myentericus (Auerbach) in the large intestine of the cat].

1. Coincidental preparation of the intramuscular vascular bed and the plexus myentericus (Auerbach) of the cat's large intestine by India-ink method and silverimpregnation allowed to demonstrate independent vascularisation of ganglia and nerve-branches of the plexus Auerbach. 2. Each ganglion is surrounded by a capillary network widely independently existing of the intramuscular capillary bed. The preferred innervated terminal arterioles and especially the sphincteric capillaries opening into the periganglionic capillary network and the numerous arterio-venous short-circuits in its marginal area suggest to conclude a differentiated regulation of blood supply.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Differentiated vascularization of the Dogiel cell types and the preferred vascularization of type I cells in the ganglia of plexus submucosus externus (Schabadasch) of the swine].

1. In analyzing the variations in form and density of the periganglionic capillary networks of the plexus Schabadasch there could unequivocally be shown a manifold better vascularisation of type I cell aggregates, compared to those of type II. 2. The preferred vascularisation of type I cells is discussed in relation to the function of the cell types of Dogiel.

Animals↗