PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

W T Jones

Publications and source records attributed to W T Jones.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Providing access to healthcare information resources using Internet Gopher technology as a part of a state-wide medical information network.

An Internet healthcare information resources Gopher server is described as a part of a state-wide medical information network. The development of the server and its design and operation are presented. The potential impact of this technology on the healthcare delivery process and issues associated with the use of public domain information resources are discussed.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1993

Production of monoclonal antibodies recognising different epitopes present on insulin-like growth factor 1.

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were generated against recombinant human insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) by fusion of NS-1 myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c X DBA mice immunised with recombinant IGF-1 and synthetic peptide sequences derived from the published amino acid sequence of IGF-1. MAbs were produced that recognised four distinct epitopes including two defined segments of the C and D domains. All MAbs were IgM mouse immunoglobulins. These results indicate the feasibility of producing MAbs to highly conserved proteins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding aspartate aminotransferase-P2 from lupin root nodules.

Two isoenzymic forms of aspartate aminotransferase are present in the plant fraction of developing lupin root nodules. One of these forms, aspartate aminotransferase-P2 (AAT-P2), increases dramatically with the onset of biological nitrogen fixation and is associated with the assimilation of ammonia by the plant in the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. A day 18 lupin nodule cDNA library in the lambda ZapII vector was immunoscreened with a monoclonal antibody specific for AAT-P2 and yielded two near-full-length 1700 bp clones. These clones were sequenced. Amino acid sequences from three peptides derived from immunopurified AAT-P2 were aligned, and showed 100% homology with the amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA clones. The DNA sequence showed 50% homology with AAT sequences from a range of animal sources. Conversion of the clones to the phagemid form allowed their expression in Escherichia coli where both exhibited enzyme activity that could be immunoprecipitated with AAT-P2-specific monoclonal antibodies. Western blot analysis revealed protein moieties with molecular masses of 39, 43, 45 and 55 kDa. The 5' end of the clones coded for a hydrophobic leader sequence of about 50 amino acids indicative of a targeting sequence and consistent with the plastid localisation of nodule AAT-P2.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

A dynamic dual isotope radionuclear method of quantifying penile blood flow.

A new radionuclear method of quantifying arterial and venous blood flow of the penis is described. The technique is based on the simultaneous recording of the change in blood volume and venous outflow in the flaccid and erect states, which is produced pharmacologically. The change in penile blood volume is determined by measuring the change in the technetium-labeled red blood cell activity with time. Venous outflow is recorded with a xenon washout technique. The isotope data are used to compute arterial and venous flows with a complex computerized mathematical formula. Three basic blood flow patterns have been noted that distinguish normal patients from those with arterial insufficiency and venous leakage. The study is relatively easy and noninvasive to perform, and it appears to quantify penile blood flow accurately.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effects of two nipple drinker types with different flow rates on the productive performance of broiler chickens during summerlike growing conditions.

Three trials were conducted to study the effects of a high flow volume (2.3 mL/s) nipple waterer (HFN) versus a low flow volume (.4 mL/s) nipple waterer (LFN) on the productive performance of broiler chickens as measured by average body weight (kilograms), average feed conversion (kilograms:kilogram), and percentage mortality rate. Equal numbers of male and female birds were used during Trial 1; only male birds were used during Trials 2 and 3. All trials were conducted during the summer months. An attempt was made during Trial 2 to expose the birds to artificial heat stress. No differences were seen during any of the trials in feed conversion between the two treatments. In Trial 1 the only significant difference (P less than or equal to .05) exhibited was in average male body weight (1.87 kg HFN; 1.84 kg LFN). A highly significant difference (P less than or equal to .01) was seen in average body weight (1.75 kg HFN; 1.64 kg LFN) during Trial 2. Average body weight difference during Trial 3 was highly significant at 42 days of age but not at Day 49. Mortality rate figures during Trial 2 indicate a highly significant difference during the 38-day period prior to heat stress (2.2% LFN; .4% HFN), and significant difference during the heat stress period (38 to 44 days; 2.9% LFN; 1.5% HFN). During Trial 3 mortality rate differences were significant by 49 days (20.6% LFN; 11.4% HFN) although there was no difference at 42 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1992

A dual-radioisotope technique for the evaluation of penile blood flow during tumescence.

A technique is described for concomitant study of both arterial and venous penile blood flow during tumescence. Dual-isotope acquisition is started after labeling red cells in vivo with 99mTc. Xenon-133 in saline is then injected into the corpus cavernosum followed with vasoactive drugs to induce an erection. The resulting xenon and technetium time-activity curves are inputs for a one-compartment model. In 14 subjects, the average peak arterial flow rate (PAF) for normal males was calculated as 13.0 +/- 1.28 ml/min (avg +/- s.d.) compared to 16.1 +/- 5.14 and 5.02 +/- 1.78 ml/min for patients with venous leak (VL) or arterial insufficiency (AI), respectively. Peak venous flows (PVF) were 4.25 +/- 1.17, 12.1 +/- 3.75, and 3.78 +/- 1.00 ml/min for normal, VL and AL respectively. Al patients have significantly lower PAF than normal (p = 0.002) or VL patients (p = 0.018), and VL patients had significantly higher PVF than normal (p = 0.012) or Al (p = 0.018). The technique may be helpful in the study of impotence.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The evaluation of urinary protein patterns in a stone-forming animal model using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

The exact role of urinary proteins in kidney stone formation remains an area of controversy. Some investigators believe that urinary proteins are selectively incorporated within urinary calculi and as such have an active role in stone formation. Other investigators believe that urinary proteins are nonspecifically adsorbed into urinary crystals and thus have only a passive role in stone formation. In the current investigation a previously described stone-forming animal model (hyperoxaluric rat) was utilized along with an animal model for renal tubular injury (gentamicin nephrotoxicity) in an effort to clarify the role of urinary proteins in kidney stone formation. Urine specimens were collected before and after the induction of stone formation and after the induction of renal tubular injury. The purified proteins from each urine specimen were separated in two dimensions by electrophoresis resulting in a characteristic "map" of protein spots for each urine specimen. All animals in the stone-forming group had pathologic evidence of early stone formation (diffuse intranephronic calculosis). Early stone formation was consistently associated with a reduction in the excretion of low molecular weight urinary proteins (30,000 dalton and less than 20,000 dalton ranges). Alcian blue staining confirmed the presence of matrix within clumps of intranephronic calcium oxalate crystals. Renal tubular injury was associated with an increase in the excretion of low molecular weight proteins (approximate 20,000 dalton range) consistent with classical tubular proteinuria. These results suggest that low molecular weight urinary proteins are selectively incorporated within the crystalline structure of the stone early during its formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Research note: effect of tetracycline hydrochloride and oxytetracycline hydrochloride given via drinking water on early mortality of broiler chicks from twenty-eight-week-old dams.

The effect of tetracycline HCl and oxytetracycline HCl on early mortality in straight-run Peterson x Hubbard cross broiler chicks from 28-wk-old dams was studied. Treatments consisted of a sham-treated control, and groups treated with a tetracycline either HCl (25 mg/454 g of BW per day) or an oxytetracycline HCl (14.6 mg/454 g of BW per day). Each group was treated via the drinking water for the first 5 days after hatching. There were 24 replications per treatment with 54 chicks each. Birds were maintained at a density of 622.5 cm2 per chick. Chicks treated with tetracycline HCl and oxytetracycline HCl had significantly (P less than .05) improved livability when compared with the sham-treated controls both at 2 and 6 wk of age (1.00 and .83 versus 1.79 at 2 wk, and 2.79 and 3.29 versus 4.29% mortality at 6 wk, respectively). No significant differences in mortality were observed between tetracycline HCl-treated chicks and oxytetracycline HCl-treated chicks. At the end of the 6-wk trial, no differences between treatments were seen in the productive performance of the broilers. The observed differences in livability at 6 wk of age could increase the number of saleable broilers by 10 to 15 thousand per million chicks placed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The characterization of soluble matrix proteins in selected human renal calculi using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

In the current study a novel method of matrix extraction was utilized to permit the analysis of soluble matrix proteins of different types of kidney stones by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed on each soluble matrix protein sample resulting in a characteristic "map" of spots for each stone. The soluble matrix protein "map" was complex yet reproducible for each sample studied. The soluble matrix protein maps resembled urinary protein maps and stones of different crystalline content had significantly different matrix protein maps. The two-dimensional electrophoretic maps of matrix proteins extracted from calcium oxalate and uric acid calculi were similar to previously published two-dimensional electrophoretic maps of urinary proteins recovered from calcium oxalate and uric acid crystals. The majority of the protein maps were noteworthy for the presence of a low molecular weight pattern (MW less than 17,500 dalton) not seen in association with normal urinary protein maps. The significance of this pattern is not known but could be the result of degradation of larger proteins, evidence of renal tubular disease, or evidence of selective incorporation of low molecular weight proteins during stone formation.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1990

Effects of the presence or absence of satellite chick-waterers in conjunction with nipple-drinkers on the mortality and productive performance of broiler chicks from young and old dams.

Two runs of one experiment were conducted to study the effects of the presence or absence of satellite (SAT) chick-waterers in conjunction with nipple-drinkers on the mortality and productive performance of mixed-sex, broiler chicks grown to 42 days of age. Data were combined for analysis. The chicks were obtained from dams 29, 31, 61 and 65 wk of age. The treatments were: 1) chicks from 61- and 65-wk-old dams, nipple-drinkers only; 2) chicks from 29- and 31-wk-old dams, nipple-drinkers only; 3) chicks from 61- and 65-wk-old dams, nipple-drinkers plus one SAT-waterer per replication; 4) chicks from 29- and 31-wk-old dams, nipple-drinkers plus one SAT-waterer. The SAT waterers were removed after 11 days. Routine management procedures were followed. The chicks from the older dams (61 and 65 wk of age) were heavier (1.60 versus 1.58 kg, P less than .05) tha those from the young dams (29 and 31 wk of age). Chicks from the young dams had better feed conversion (1.89 versus 1.93 g/g, P less than .01). The age of dam had no effect on the mortality of the broiler chicks. The presence or absence of SAT-waterers had no effect on body weight or feed conversion. A difference (P less than .05) occurred in mortality through 42 days of age; the chicks using the SAT waterers had a lower mortality level (3.23 versus 4.22%), than those using nipple-drinkers. The presence of ST-waterers in conjunction with nipple-drinkers appears to improve livability in broiler chicks.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Effects of population size, floor space, and feeder space upon productive performance, external appearance, and plasma corticosterone concentration of laying hens.

Effects were studied of population size, floor area, and feeder space per hen on variables associated with egg production and corticosterone level. A total of 408 White Leghorn-type laying hens was used in this study. Three treatments were observed: 5 hens per cage with 8.6 cm feeder space per hen, 5 hens per cage with 12 cm feeder space per hen, and 7 hens per cage with 8.6 cm feeder space per hen. Both 5-hen treatments had 420 cm2 of cage area per hen, while the 7-hen treatment had 300 cm2. Increased population size, reduced feeder space, and reduced floor area per hen resulted in a significant (P less than .01) decline in percent egg production. Restriction of feeder space was correlated with reduced feed consumption and mortality but not feed conversion, weight gain, and egg size. As cage space allowance increased, feed consumption and weight gain were higher, whereas mortality, feed conversion, and egg weight were lower. No significant (P greater than .05) differences in shell thickness, specific gravity, Haugh unit, throat skin ateromata, claw length, and corticosterone level were observed. Plumage condition and foot health were improved only when floor area allowances increased.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Compatibility of sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim with lasalocid and monensin on performance of male broiler chickens.

We studied the effect of sulfadiomethoxine and ormetoprim (Rofenaid 40) in combination with lasalocid (Avatec) and monensin (Coban) on mortality, weight gain, and feed conversion of 2592 male broilers to 47 days of age. Four shuttle treatments were utilized: 1) monensin feeding for the entire trial; 2) sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim feeding for the first 2 weeks, followed by lasalocid for the remainder of the trial; 3) sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim feeding for the first 2 weeks, followed by monensin; and 4) sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim feeding through week 3, then lasalocid for the remainder of the trial. No significant (P greater than .05) differences were observed in mortality among the four treatments. The combination of sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim plus lasalocid significantly (P less than .01) improved weight gain and final body weight, but the length of time that sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim were fed did not have any effect. Sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim plus monensin treatment resulted in better feed conversion as compared with the other treatments.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Rates of proteolysis in the rumen of the soluble proteins casein, fraction I (18S) leaf protein, bovine serum albumin and bovine submaxillary mucoprotein.

The rate of proteolysis in the rumen was dependent on the soluble protein used. With a sheep on a hay + concentrate diet the rates (approximately Vmax) for casein, Fraction I leaf protein and bovine serum albumin were 16.5, 3.4 and 0.9 mg protein nitrogen/l per min respectively. Change of diet from hay + concentrate to fresh lucerne (Medicago sativa) increased the proteolytic rates for all three proteins. Bovine submaxillary mucoprotein degraded extremely slowly in the rumen at approximately 0.5-0.6 mg N/l per min and its sialic acid component was degraded at a similar rate to that of the protein chain. Uniformly 14C-labelled Fraction I leaf protein was used to demonstrate that in the presence of a second protein, competition for enzymic sites occurred. In Fraction I and bovine serum albumin mixtures, reduced rates for the individual proteins of the mixture were observed compared with the proteins treated separately. Treatment of bovine serum albumin with dithiothreitol (0.2 g/l) to cleave disulphide bridges increased the rates of proteolysis by as much as 8.5-fold.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Lethal synergism induced in mice by influenza type A virus and type Ia group B streptococci.

Intranasal inoculation of CD-1 or BALB/c mice with low doses of influenza A/PR8/34 (HON1) virus followed 48 h later by intranasal inoculation of low doses of type Ia group B streptococci effected a lethal synergism. At a constant input dose of virus, a direct relationship between input dose of bacteria and percent mortality was observed; the converse was also true. An inverse relationship between input dose of group B streptococci, but not input dose of virus, and mean time to death was observed in CD-1 but not in BALB/c mice. The kinetics of influenza A/PR8/34 virus and group B streptococcal replication in singly and dually infected BALB/c mice was determined by assaying samples from the lungs, liver, spleen, and blood for viable group B streptococci and infectious influenza A/PR8/34 virus. No significant difference in virus replication in the lung was observed between singly and dually infected mice. Extrapulmonary dissemination of virus was not observed. Concurrent virus infection effected a 10,000- to 100,000-fold increase in the levels of type Ia group B streptococci in the lung. Potentiation of group B streptococcal infection of the lung was not associated with bacteremia or infection of the liver or spleen, a finding contrary to previous observations of fulminant septicemia after intranasal inoculation of mice with input doses of group B streptococci less than one-tenth of the pulmonary levels observed in the present study.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Partial characterization of bovine salivary proteins by electrophoretic methods.

Electrophoresis in 71/2% polyacrylamide gel separates bovine salivary proteins into 12 bands, and is used as the first step, followed by isoelectrofocusing or electrophoresis in polyacrylamide (15%) gels containing sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) or immunoelectrophoresis in two-dimensional separations. Molecular weights of native proteins are determined by electrophoresis on gels of polyacrylamide concentration 10 to 20%. Using these methods, information on native and subunit molecular weights, isoelectric pH values and immunological relationships for bovine salivary proteins has been determined. Enzymic functions for six of the proteins were established by histological methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Influenza type A virus-mediated adherence of type 1a group B streptococci to mouse tracheal tissue in vivo.

Influenza type A virus-mediated adherence of pathogenic bacteria to the mucosal surface of the respiratory tract may be one of several mechanisms whereby influenza predisposes to bacterial pneumonia. In the present study, we quantified the adherence of intranasally administered type 1a group B streptococci to the tracheal tissue of influenza type A/PR8/34 (HONI) virus-infected and mock-infected mice. Influenza type A/PR8/34 virus infection effected a 120-fold increase in the adherence of type 1a group B streptococci to tracheal tissue relative to that observed in mock-infected mice. Adherence of type 1a group B streptococci to the trachea of influenza type A/PR8/34 virus-infected mice was reduced by more than 90% by prior intranasal instillation of chicken antiserum to influenza type A/PR8/34 virus, whereas virtually no reduction in adherence was noted with normal chicken serum or rabbit antiserum to herpes simplex virus type 2. These findings suggest that adherence of type 1a group B streptococci to the tracheal tissue of influenza type A/PR8/34 virus-infected mice is effected by a viral component(s).

Adhesiveness↗