Biomedical subjects

W T McFall

Publications and source records attributed to W T McFall.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1983

The effects of citric acid on attachment of laterally positioned flaps.

Citric acid demineralization of root surfaces to enhance new attachment clinically appears to be successful, but histologic evidence of new attachment in humans is lacking. Two recession-like defects were surgically created on the facial aspect of mandibular incisors scheduled for extraction in five patients. Each patient had differing degrees of periodontal disease, but the control and experimental teeth of each were similarly involved. The roots were thoroughly planed and an apical reference notch was inscribed just coronal to crestal bone. One tooth served as the control, while the experimental tooth was treated with citric acid (pH 1) for two minutes. Two full-thickness laterally positioned flaps were done to cover the roots. After healing periods of 1, 2, 4, 12, and 20 weeks, the teeth were removed by block section for histologic evaluation. The type of attachment differed on the teeth with longer healing periods. The control teeth exhibited a long epithelial attachment with no evidence of cementogenesis, whereas the experimental teeth had a connective tissue attachment to newly formed cementum coronal to the reference notch. These observations provide evidence that demineralization of root surfaces may promote increased or accelerated connective tissue attachment of laterally positioned flaps.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Tooth loss in 100 treated patients with periodontal disease. A long-term study.

A population of 100 patients with periodontal disease who had been treated and maintained for 15 years or longer was studied for tooth loss. The patients averaged 43.8 years of age and consisted of 59 females and 41 males. Patients were examined and their dental records were reviewed. On the basis of response to therapy and tooth loss, the patients were classified as Well-Maintained (77), Downhill (15), or Extreme Downhill (8). At the completion of initial treatment, 2,627 teeth were present. Of this number, during the maintenance period, 259 teeth (9.8%) were lost due to periodontal disease, while 40 teeth (1.5%) were lost due to other causes. Evaluation was made as to patterns of tooth loss, loss of questionable teeth, loss of teeth with furcations, surgical vs. nonsurgical therapy, and presence of fixed or removable prostheses. Considerable variation occurred between response groups. Periodontal disease appears to be bilaterally symmetrical and tooth loss response emulated this pattern with greatest loss of maxillary second molars and least loss of mandibular cuspids.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Intravenous conscious sedation in the periodontal patient.

Intravenous diazepam was evaluated as a preoperative medication prior to periodontal surgery. Ten patients were subjected to two separately scheduled surgical episodes. During one procedure, a placebo was administered via an intravenous drip and during the other procedure, diazepam was titrated until Verrill's sign was reached. Vital signs, skin temperature, galvanic skin response, and serum cortisol were monitored and analyzed during both procedures. Vital functions were more stable in diazepam-sedated patients than in the placebo group. This was manifested by less increase in systolic blood pressure, respiration and heart rate. The galvanic skin resistance was increased and serum cortisol values decreased throughout the sedation phase, suggesting a reduced sympathetic arousal. This study indicates that intravenous diazepam sedation enhances patient comfort and improves physiologic safety during periodontal surgery.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Centric relation determinations: clinical and radiographic comparisons.

This study investigated variations in occlusal prematurities and condylar positions using different methods of determining centric relation. Thirty patients were randomly placed into three groups of 10. In Group I a clinical analysis of occlusal patterns using bilateral mandibular manipulation (BMM) was compared to results with a chin point (CPM) method. Group II compared CPM to an anterior guidance jig (CPJ) method. Group III compared BMM to CPJ. Standardized transcranial oblique radiographs were taken of each temporomandibular joint using CPM and BMM on 10 patients. Condylar position was determined with tracing evaluations and direct measurements of the radiographs. Clinical results indicated that the initial point of contact was located most accurately with CPJ. Both initial contact points and secondary points were disclosed with CPM. The BMM disclosed the most tooth contacts. Contacts were most prevalent on the premolars. Radiographic analyses of condylar positions were inconclusive.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Placement of free gingival grafts on denuded alveolar bone. Part I: clinical evaluations.

Fourteen patients were examined and determined to lack an adequate zone of attached gingiva in the mandibular incisor region. Each patient was treated on the left side of the mandible by placement of a free gingival graft on denuded bone and 12 of the 14 patients received a free gingival graft on retained periosteum in the right mandibular anterior region. Two patients were treated on the right side by either bone denudation or periosteal bed preparation without graft placement to permit histological evaluation of wound healing under these circumstances. Grafts were retained for time intervals from 1 week to 24 weeks. All patients were evaluated clinically for graft "take", graft healing, graft shrinkage, and graft mobility.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Placement of free gingival grafts on denuded alveolar bone. Part II: microscopic observations.

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Adult↗

PubMed1978

A method for securing conservative block section in the mandibular anterior region.

A conservative method for removal of histologic block tissue sections has been presented. Its application permits the operator to conserve a portion of lingual alveolar bone in the mandibular anterior region to allow maintenance of a sufficient amount of ridge bone and tissue for construction of a functional and esthetic removable or fixed prosthetic appliance. This block section procedure may be modified to permit more conservation of human tissues in those studies involving human subjects.

Alveolectomy↗

PubMed1977

A photometric study of the color of health gingiva.

An apparatus was developed that was found suitable for measuring gingival color in terms of reflectance at 6328 A. A total of 445 readings were taken on 95 Caucasian subjects in order to determine certain properties of healthy gingival color. It was determined that: 1. Healthy adult gingival color ranged in reflectance from 17% to 45% of the magnesium oxide standard, with a mean of 32%. 2. Gingival color of children was lighter than that of adults. The reflectance of children's gingiva ranged from 31% to 43%, with a mean of 35%. 3. Gingival color did not vary with the sex of the individual. 4. Gingival color was lighter in individuals with blonde hair than in individuals with brown hair. 5. Gingival color was darker in individuals with darker eye color. 6. Gingival color was lighter in individuals with geographic origins that are commonly related to lighter complexions. 7. Gingival color did not vary with age, within the adult range covered in this study. 8. Gingival color did not vary with the following physiological and physical factors: menstrual period, use of oral contraceptives, smoking habits, moistness or dryness of the gingiva, which side was measured, time of day, or time after toothbrushing, smoking a cigarette, eating an apple, or drinking a hot beverage.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Calcium hydroxide and potassium nitrate as desensitizing agents for hypersensitive root surfaces.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate calcium hydroxide and potassium nitrate individually as densensitizing agents for hypersensitive root surfaces. The apparatus used in the experiment to measure hypersensitivity was (a) a thermo-electric stimulating device to measure hot and cold stimulation quantitatively and (b) a mechanical stimulating device to measure scratch stimulation quantitatively. The conclusions drawn from the study were: 1. Calcium hydroxide was more consistently effective in decreasing sensitivity then was potassium nitrate or the control. 2. Calcium hydroxide as compared to the control was statistically (99% level of significance) more effective in reducing sensitivity to mechanical, hot and cold stimulation immediately and at the conclusion of the experiment (3 months). 3. It appears that calcium hydroxide could be used as a desensitizing agent initially following periodontal surgery to reduce pain from hypersensitive roots in order that proper oral hygiene could be reestablished.

Adult↗

PubMed1977