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W T Riley

Publications and source records attributed to W T Riley.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The validity of multidimensional self-report anger and hostility measures.

The present study assessed the convergent and discriminant validity of multidimensional measures of anger and hostility and validated abbreviated neurotic and reactive hostility subscales of the Buss Durkee Hostility Inventory. A sample of 120 adults were administered the abbreviated Buss Durkee Reaction (RH) and Neurotic Hostility (NH) subscales, State-Trait Anger Scale (ST), Anger Self-Report General (ASRG) subscale, Multidimensional Anger Inventory (MAI), and Framingham Anger-in (FI), Anger-out (FO), and Discuss (FD) scales. An intercorrelation matrix supported the convergent and discriminant validity of these measures except for the Anger-in/Brood subscale of the MAI and the FO scale. Factor analysis of the scales resulted in three factors: anger experience/hostility, verbal/adaptive anger expression, and maladaptive/physical anger expression. Implications for future research on anger assessment, specifically the components of anger experience and anger expression or suppression, were discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Survey of admission policies for child and adolescent inpatient services: a national sample.

In a national sampling of child inpatient directors, survey responses suggested variability in the use of many admission criteria. Yet, severity of symptoms, potential effectiveness of outpatient treatment, and extent of medical complications appeared to be commonly used admission criteria. DSM-III diagnoses were inconsistently used admission criteria, and many diagnoses were considered suitable for admission in extenuating circumstances only.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Typology and correlates of smokeless tobacco use.

The incidence, use patterns, and correlates of smokeless tobacco have become increasingly important as usage rates rise and harmful health effects become established. The present study assessed the incidence of smokeless tobacco use in a Southeastern U.S. sample and selected correlates of use. From the responses of 3725 high school students, 19.9% reported trying smokeless tobacco products (35.5% for males, 5.8% for females). Most agreed that tobacco use has harmful health consequences. Those disagreeing with these health beliefs were more likely to use smokeless tobacco. Cigarette smoking was strongly associated with initial use. Of those reporting any use of smokeless tobacco, most used it for less than an hour per day, but 18% reported 3 or more hours of use per day. Forty-four percent reported a first use of smokeless tobacco before 13 years of age. Early initial use was associated with greater frequency and duration of use. Early initial users also reported greater influence from family and advertisements. Encouragement from friends, however, appeared to be the major factor regardless of age at initial use. Of particular concern is that 8.4% of those having any experience with smokeless tobacco felt they were addicted to the substance. Finally, 27.9% reported swallowing the substance or spittle, suggesting the need for further research on the potential health implications of this behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Anger and hostility in depression.

The present study examined the relationship between depression and various dimensions of anger using multiple measures of anger and hostility and comparing depressed subjects with both a normal sample and a clinical sample with predominant anger difficulties. Three groups of subjects were obtained: a normal sample of 120 parents of elementary school children, 36 psychiatric inpatients meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria for major depressive episode, and 54 hospitalized veterans meeting Diagnostic Interview Schedule criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The three groups differed significantly on all measures of anger experience, hostility, anger suppression, and anger expression. The depressed group reported greater levels of hostility and anger experience than the normal group but less than the PTSD group. On measures of anger suppression and expression, the depressed group exhibited more suppression than either the normal or the PTSD group and generally reported levels of anger expression comparable with the normal group's. The PTSD group reported the highest levels of anger expression. Within the depressed group, severity of depression was positively associated with levels of hostility and anger experience but was not related to measures of anger expression and was only partially related to anger suppression. These results are discussed as they relate to the "anger turned in" hypothesis of psychodynamic theories of depression, and directions for future research are noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Physician interpretation of illness behavior.

Determining factors in physician recognition of emotional factors in the illness presentation of their patients was examined by stepwise multiple regression analysis, utilizing 18 predictor variables, in a sample of 101 randomly selected internal medicine inpatients. Self-report measures of patients' psychological symptoms failed to explain a significant percentage of the variance in physician assessment of emotional factors in illness. Physician assessment of severity of medical illness, patient satisfaction with present medical care, and age predicted 58 percent of the variance in physician ratings of emotional factors in illness. Physicians attributed greater emotional morbidity to patients judged to have less severe medical illness and to be less satisfied with their care. Using only patient variables as independent predictors, number/frequency of symptoms and race accounted for 16 percent of the variance in physicians' ratings. These results suggest that physician expectations about normative illness behavior, more than mental status characteristics documented by patient self-report measures, determine the recognition of significant emotional factors in illness presentation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Illness coping strategies and hypochondriacal traits among medical inpatients.

The Illness Coping Strategies scale (ICS) is an 18-Likert-item scale developed to examine illness appraisal and coping by medical patients more comprehensively than instruments which screen for hypochondriacal traits in this population. This study has examined the association of hypochondriacal traits with illness coping strategies addressed by the ICS among 101 randomly selected inpatients drawn from a general medicine unit of a teaching general hospital. Despite the exclusion of patients with substance abuse or organic mental disorder, or referral for psychiatric consultations, hypochondriacal traits were prevalent in this inpatient sample. Five factor-derived subscales of the ICS (disease vigilance, limit activity, overresponsiveness, self-treatment and obsessive worry) were extracted, and internal consistency and test-retest reliabilities were determined. Multiple regression analysis on a composite measure of hypochondriasis revealed that the five ICS factor scales accounted for 26 percent of the variance. Patients with a high hypochondriacal index had associated high scores on symptom vigilance, limit activity and obsessive worry subscales, suggesting that these illness coping strategies may represent an important aspect of hypochondriacal illness presentation. The self-treatment subscale appeared to act as a suppressor variable, contributing to the prediction of the hypochondriacal index by extracting self treatment aspects from the other illness coping factors. Illness coping responses found to be associated with hypochondriacal traits in this study were rather passive strategies which promoted increased vigilance and concern about symptoms while providing few opportunities to reduce uncertainty regarding health status.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

The psychiatric management of the globus syndrome.

Controversy surrounding the term "globus hystericus" points up the historical dichotomy between organic disease and conversion disorder that has hampered the understanding of this syndrome. Regardless of its sometimes incapacitating nature, there is little information in the literature regarding the treatment of globus when an organic cause cannot be established. Regarding the syndrome as psychosomatic in nature, rather than merely hysterical, we suggest the need for an integrated treatment approach. A case study is utilized to illustrate a model for psychiatric management of the globus syndrome. In this model, pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic interventions are integrated into a comprehensive, biopsychosocial treatment plan. Each aspect of the model is reviewed and discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cancer knowledge and acceptance of children with cancer.

In this study, a Cancer Knowledge Questionnaire (CKQ) for elementary schoolchildren was developed and the relationship of cancer knowledge to attitudinal predispositions to accept and interact with children with cancer was assessed. CKQ includes 21 yes-no items that assess general cancer knowledge and knowledge of cancer's effects on social and emotional functioning. A sample of 478 children, ages six-12, completed CKQ, and a separate sample of 41 children completed it on two occasions separated by a one-week interval. Adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability were obtained. Children's knowledge of cancer increased with age but generally was limited across all age groups. Knowledge of cancer was associated positively with previous experiences with cancer, lower fear of cancer, less worry about children with cancer, and attitudinal predispositions to accept and interact with children having cancer.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

The post-accident syndrome: variations in the clinical picture.

Three hundred and twenty-seven subjects involved in civil accident litigation and referred by solicitors for either plaintiff or defendant were examined. A precise psychiatric diagnosis was applicable in only a minority of subjects, although psychiatric symptoms, including pain, anxiety and depression, were prominent. Overall the clinical picture was an amorphous one. Cluster analysis was performed to examine a variety of clinical, demographic and historical variables. This showed four stable groups, which are here described as: stoic, depressive, phobic motor accident and prior claimants. It is suggested that the phenomenological approach taken here, paying particular attention to clinical sub-groups, may be a more useful route towards the understanding and treatment of post-accident psychiatric disturbance than is the existing but confused approach, in which motivation has been a prime focus of interest. The particular sub-groups demonstrated here, if replicated, could form the basis for such an approach.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1984

Growth requirements for Moraxella bovis.

Moraxella bovis isolates do not necessarily require complex growth media. Minimal growth requirements were approached by selecting mutants that grew on progressively simpler solid media. Isolate 137T was selected until it could be cultured on a medium containing sodium L-glutamate, with thiamine, nicotinamide, pyridoxine and inorganic salts. All 5 field strains isolated in 1983 showed the same requirements and no prior selection was needed. One of these 5 field strains (H388) was selected to require nicotinamide as the only added vitamin, and culture 137H was selected to grow without added vitamins. In contrast, type strains NCTC 8561 and NCTC 9426 could not be cultured on glutamate medium supplemented with a mixture of 8 growth factors. However, 35 out of 38 M. bovis cultures collected in this laboratory grew on that medium. A more complex medium (TG) contained 8 g glutamate and 2 g tryptone per litre of basal salts. Medium TG supported growth by both type strains and all 38 laboratory cultures. Growth on TG medium was promoted by adding 0.1 mg l-1 of pyridoxine, nicotinamide and thiamine. M. bovis strains from type-culture collections or those that have been subcultured on complex media only, may not have retained their native nutritional requirements.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1966

Selective degradation of thymidine and thymine deoxynucleotides.

1. Osmium tetroxide in dilute ammonia oxidizes various pyrimidine nucleosides at different rates. Thymidine is oxidized about 45 times as fast as deoxycytidine. The phosphate groups may be eliminated from oxidized thymine nucleotides by successive treatments with alkali and then with diphenylamine in aqueous formic acid. The reactions can be applied to the selective degradation of thymidine in oligodeoxynucleotides.

Alkalies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adult smokeless tobacco use and age of onset.

To determine if an earlier age of onset is associated with greater levels of adult smokeless tobacco (SLT) use and to evaluate if this relationship differs by SLT type, 345 current adult SLT users were interviewed to obtain the age at first onset and current frequency of SLT use. The results indicated that more than twice as many SLT users began during adulthood than during preadolescence. Although preadolescent onset was associated with greater chewing tobacco use than adolescent onset, the greatest levels of both chewing tobacco and snuff use were associated with adult onset, suggesting an increased need for SLT prevention programs for young adults.

Adult↗