Unusual features of the active hexose uptake system of Chlorella vulgaris.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to W Tanner.
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Light-dependent formation of ribulose-1,5 diphosphate is completely inhibited by low concentrations of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea which do not severely affect cyclic photophosphorylation. Also in Scenedesmus mutant number 11, capable of cyclic photophosphorylation, cellular ribulose-1,5 diphosphate-levels do not increase upon illumination. When mutant cells are H(2) adapted, however, a light-dependent formation of ribulose-1,5 diphosphate is observed in the presence of H(2). From these results it has been concluded that at least part of the Calvin cycle does not operate in the dark, since a reductant is lacking which is generated in the light.
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The production of d-lactic acid, a major fermentation product of Scenedesmus obliquus strain D(3), is inhibited by light. This inhibition has been observed in the wild type as well as in Bishop's mutant 11. However, in mutant 8, which lacks photophosphorylation, light stimulated the formation of d-lactic acid.
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Salicylaldoxime (2 x 10(-3)m and less) inhibits cyclic photophosphorylation in intact Chlorella cells severely whereas photosynthetic O(2)-evolution and (14)CO(2)-fixation is hardly affected. Cyclic photophosphorylation in vivo was measured by following anaerobic light dependent glucose uptake. A similar difference in susceptibility has been observed with carbonylcyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone. Various controls exclude the possibility that the difference in inhibition was caused by differing experimental conditions or, in the case of glucose assimilation, by an inhibition of a reaction other than photophosphorylation.There also exists a great difference in light saturation of cyclic photophosphorylation and photosynthesis. Evidence is reported that at light saturation of glucose uptake light driven cyclic phosphorylation is indeed the limiting reaction.The results are considered as evidence that cyclic photophosphorylation does not contribute ATP stoichiometrically to photosynthetic CO(2)-fixation.
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Following a description of the cloning process and how this might be used in humans, the authors examine the possibility of human cloning in the light of recognised ethical principles. They also address the question of whether current national and international laws are sufficient to prevent such practices.