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Biomedical subjects

W V Miller

Publications and source records attributed to W V Miller.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

A new specificity, SH7 (Bw75), defined by antisera produced by planned immunization.

SH7 specificity was defined by a group of antisera developed in Shanghai, China by planned immunization. SH7 antibody is cross-reactive with B5 and B15, as demonstrated by the serological reaction patterns obtained during planned immunization. Using 9th and 10th International Histocompatibility Workshop sera, we were able to confirm SH7, TS-1 and B15Kemp as identical specificities. They are equivalent to BW62S and B15Short-Thai. In view of the cross-reaction patterns obtained during planned immunization, SH7 appears to belong to the B5, B15, B35 and Bw70 cross-reactive groups.

Epitopes↗
PubMed1982

The distribution of serum alanine aminotransferase levels in a blood donor population.

The authors studied the distribution of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in 10,034 volunteer blood donors. The mean +/- SD ALT value was 21.4 +/- 19.3 IU/liter; 549 (5.5%) of the donors had a ALT value greater that 45 IU; 2.5 per cent had ALT values greater than 60 IU. In general, ALT levels were higher in males than in females, and were age related; peak values occurred in the third decade of life for males and between 50-60 years of age in females. ALT values greater than 45 IU were found significantly more often in males, in donors of both sexes 30-40 years of age, in married donors, in non-Caucasians, and in those whose education level was no higher than high school. Follow-up samples in donors with an initial ALT greater than 45 IU, revealed that 67% continued to have ALT values above 45 IU 2-8 weeks following initial sampling, and 40% had an ALT greater than 45 IU when tested again six months after entry into the study. ALT values greater than 60 IU were associated with a significantly increased prevalence of antibody of hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) occurring together. No statistically significant association was found between transaminase activity and the prevalence of anti-HBs or anti-HBc alone, or with hepatitis A antibody. These findings demonstrate that there are defined sociodemographic and serologic features of donors with elevated ALT values.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

The detection of two serologically distinct HLA-A28 specificities.

We describe a serum, 9045, that detects a subset of A28 bearing cells in a mixed population of American blacks, Caucasians of Jewish ancestry and non-Jewish Caucasians. The serum reacts preferentially with A28 positive cells from American Blacks and Jewish Caucasians and does not react with non-Jewish Caucasians. This new specificity, referred to as A28.2, is strongly associated with HLA-B14. In contrast, A28 positive but 9045 negative cells (referred to as A28.1) do not show this association. The A28-2 determinants appears to be antigenically similar to the A28.1 determinant, but distinct from the public antigenic determinants shared by A28, A2, A9 and by A28, Aw33, Aw34 and A26. Based upon this analysis, we conclude that HLA-A28, as defined by most A28 antisera, comprises at least two populations of molecules. The A28.2 form may have arisen in the Mediterranean basin region, whereas the A28.1 form seems to be more prevalent in non-Jewish Caucasians of Northern European ancestry.

Absorption↗
PubMed1981

A controlled trial of prophylactic granulocyte transfusions during initial induction chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia.

To evaluate the role of prophylactic granulocyte transfusions during remission-induction chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) we randomized 102 infected patients either to receive daily granulocyte transfusions when blood granulocytes fell below 0.5 x 10(9) per liter (54 patients) or not to receive them (48). Although the percentage of patients acquiring any infection was similar in the transfusion and control groups (46 and 42 per cent, respectively), granulocyte transfusions decreased the proportion of patients with bacterial septicemia (9 per cent of those with transfusions vs. 27 per cent of the controls; P = 0.01). Granulocyte transfusions did not reduce the incidence of other infections or improve bone-marrow recovery, remission rate and duration, or survival. Seventy-two per cent of the patients given transfusions had transfusion reactions. Pulmonary infiltrates were more common in the transfusion group than in the control group (57 per cent vs. 27 per cent; P = 0.002). Thirty-five per cent of the patients with pulmonary filtrates died, as compared with 5 per cent of those without filtrates. We conclude that prophylactic granulocyte transfusions should not be used during remission-induction chemotherapy in AML because the risks outweigh the benefits.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1981

In vitro tests for platelet compatibility.

Four methods were investigated to determine their suitability as platelet compatibility procedures: leukoagglutination, lymphocytotoxicity, platelet suspension immunofluorescence and platelet enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. None of the tests were found to reliably predict the 24-hour-posttransfusion platelet increment in 8 refractory thrombocytopenic patients judged refractory to random donor platelet therapy.

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗
PubMed1981

Application of the enzyme linked immunospecific assay (ELISA) for the detection of platelet antibodies.

Many methods have been described to identify platelet antibody, but they are either not very sensitive or too complex for general use. Therefore, we have developed an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of platelet antibodies in serum. The method involves incubating platelets with serum antibody; any attached antibody is shown by the addition of an enzyme (alkaline phosphatase) labeled anti-human IgG, followed by assay of the enzyme reaction with its substrate. The reaction product is indicated by a color change, which is proportional to the antibody concentration. Assay conditions such as the use of paraformaldehyde fixed versus unfixed platelets, conjugate dilutions, and substrate concentration and incubation time were investigated. Positive results were obtained in 16 of 19 sera of patients with various diseases including 2 of 4 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 2 of 2 with post-transfusion purpura, 2 of 3 with neonatal purpura, and all 9 polytransfused patients. Sensitivity and specificity were 84% and 98%, respectively. Also, enzyme linked immunospecific assay (ELISA) was found to be superior to the lymphocytotoxicity (LCT) and platelet immunofluorescence test (PIIFT) for platelet antibody identification.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1979

Use of plasma products with whole blood and packed RBCs.

During the past five years, there has been a sharp increase in the use of packed RBCs (PRBCs) and plasma products, whereas whole blood (WB) transfusions have steadily decreased. In order to determine whether plasma and its derivatives were being used to "reconstitute" whole blood from PRBCs, we performed a retrospective evaluation of all transfusion episodes in ten representative regional hospitals during a five-month period. Our results indicate that PRBCs were transfused 2.5 times more frequently than WB. Plasma products were administered with PRBCs less often than with WB: 14% of all PRBCs vs 24% of all WB units tranfused. The likelihood of a patient receiving plasma was found to correlate with the total amount of blood transfused and the frequency of transfusion. This study provides evidence that, at most, only a small percentage of PRBCs are given in conjunction with plasma as "reconstituted" WB.

Blood Transfusion↗