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Biomedical subjects

W W Braunius

Publications and source records attributed to W W Braunius.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Treatment of Frey's syndrome with botulinum A toxin].

A 74-year-old woman suffered from severe gustatory sweating and flushing of the preauricular skin following parotidectomy (Frey's syndrome). She was treated with intracutaneous botulinum A toxin injections in the affected skin area. Minor's test was used to determine the extent of the affected area. Within one week, the symptoms disappeared. After three weeks, Minor's test was repeated and showed minimal residual hyperhidrosis. These small areas were treated again. No side effects were noted. At follow-up one year later, the patient was free of symptoms.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Revision surgery for chronic otitis media: a learning experience. Report on 389 cases with a long-term follow-up.

The objective of this study was to evaluate, during a long-term follow-up period, the results of revision surgery for chronic otitis media with or without cholesteatoma. Intact canal wall and canal wall down procedures were performed. The surgical history of every patient was assessed before the operation. A dry, relatively safe, and disease-free ear was created in 90% of the reoperated ears (N = 389). The recurrence rate of cholesteatoma was 5% for the total group. Reperforations of the tympanic membrane occurred in 10%, and persistent or recurrent otorrhea was present in 10% of cases. The functional hearing results were quite satisfactory. A residual air-bone gap of < or =30 dB was reached in 70.3% of the cases after revision tympanoplasty only (N = 41). Revision mastoidectomy with revision tympanoplasty as a one-stage procedure led subsequently, in 76% of intact canal wall procedures (N = 113) and 55% of canal wall down procedures (N = 98), to a residual air-bone gap of < or =30 dB.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[More than 10 years of revision-cleaning and revision-reconstructive ear surgery in chronic otitis media; good long-term results].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the long-term results of revision surgery in patients with chronic otitis media. SETTING: University Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands. METHODS: A personal series of 323 revision mastoidectomies and (or) revision tympanoplasties was evaluated. Surgery was performed between 1981-1995 with a follow-up of one (minimal) to 14 years (maximal). Anatomical and functional results of various subgroups were compared. RESULTS: A preoperative incidence of cholesteatoma of 34% (n = 99) dropped after revision surgery to 11% residual/recurrent cholesteatomas (n = 9). A dry, safe and disease-free ear with a closed tympanic membrane was obtained in nearly 90% of the cases. However, in 5% (n = 10) without pre-existent cholesteatoma (n = 199), a cholesteatoma developed de novo after revision surgery. A residual air-bone hearing gap < or = 30 dB resulted in 79% of the patients after revision tympanoplasty only (n = 27). Revision mastoidectomy with revision tympanoplasty in open (n = 91) and closed (n = 92) procedures lead to a residual air-bone gap < or = 30 dB in 56% of the open cases (n = 91) and in 73% of the closed cases (before the operation the figures were 37% and 55% respectively). CONCLUSION: Revision mastoid surgery and (or) revision tympanoplasty can be quite rewarding and successful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Eimeria acervulina: influence of corticosterone-induced immunosuppression on oocyst shedding and production characteristics in broilers, and correlation with a computer simulation model.

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of immune responsiveness on excretion of oocysts after E. acervulina infection and subsequent effects on production characteristics of broilers (Gallus domesticus). These effects were determined in broilers repeatedly infected with 2.85 x 10(3) oocysts of E. acervulina and treated with various dosages of corticosterone in the diet (0, 10, 20 and 30 p.p.m.). Corticosterone treatment did not have an effect on the peak oocyst excretion, although it was administered from 4 days before initial infection. The number of oocysts excreted shortly after the peak and the length of the excretion period were increased in corticosterone-treated groups. The absence of a difference in peak oocyst excretion was ascribed to the existence of a time-lag between first contact with the parasite and rate of development of protective immunity. In a recently developed computer simulation model this period was assumed to be 5 days. Assuming that immunosuppression, through corticosterone, is only effective when protective immunity is in operation, the results indicate a time-lag of at least a few days, which supports the inclusion of such a time-lag in the computer simulation model. General immunosuppressive effects of the corticosterone treatment, monitored by antibodies and mitogen-induced lymphocyte stimulation confirmed that immunosuppression occurred shortly after medication started. Infection did not have a significant influence on production characteristics in animals without dietary corticosterone. However, with increasing corticosterone levels the negative effects of infection on production also increased.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[The mystery of the staggering turkeys: a differential diagnostic puzzle].

Over a short period of time, turkeys of various ages from three flocks were sent in with a history of paralysis. In the first necropsies there were no clear signs of the cause of the paralysis. On clinical examination of the flocks it was noted that the birds staggered as if drunk and that standing caused them pain. It was only with the last case that it became clear that the cause was rickets. Analysis of the feed demonstrated that level of vitamin D3 was too low, possibly even in the premix.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Coccidiosis control: current status concerning preventive and therapeutic possibilities].

A summary is presented of the present situation in coccidiosis control in poultry, regarding the use of anticoccidial drugs and of therapeutics. Also attention is payed to the development of vaccines, which usage is limited up till now. Monitoring the incidence of coccidiosis will be necessary in future to enable efficient use of anticoccidial drugs and therapeutics.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[A severe Aspergillus flavus infection in slaughtering chicks and the effect of disinfection with enilconazole: a case study].

In a flock of chicks, the number of birds dying per day from infection with especially Aspergillus flavus increased up to 1% during the second half of the fattening period. Levels of Aspergillus flavus were measured before and after cleaning of the chicken house with the anti-mycotic agent eniconazole (Clinafarm, Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, BV). The cleaning and disinfection schedule followed reduced levels if Aspergillus flavus to zero.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Pasteurella anatipestifer: a controllable farm problem].

The performance of 13 flocks of ducks on a duck farm decreased markedly. Post-mortem and bacteriological examinations indicated that Pasteurella anatipestifer was a major cause, although Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Treponema spp. were also detected. Use of an autovaccine against Pasteurella anatipestifer markedly reduced the signs and symptoms in the second part of fattening period.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[A case of cryptosporidiosis in breeding laying hens with Marek's disease].

The simultaneous occurrence of Marek's disease and cryptosporidiosis in two flocks of rearing pullets on a multi-age farm with rearing-pullets and layers, is reported. This is the first report of cryptosporidiosis in rearing pullets in the Netherlands and also the first time that the combination of this infection with Marek's disease is mentioned.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Gumboro's disease continues to claim attention: a case report].

An outbreak of Gumboro disease occurred at the end of 1988 on a broiler farm having four houses and birds of two different age groups. The infection 'lingered' in the subsequent flocks, a striking feature consisting in the fact that the pattern of disease was identical in almost every case. Symptoms of Gumboro disease were not observed in the compartment housing the oldest broilers. The birds in this house continued to show low titres at the close of the fattening period. Gumboro disease was observed on the 19th and 20th days of life or on the 29th-33rd days of life in the other houses. Mortality was highest in the latter case. The final conclusion is that the difference in age between the houses probably makes the high pressure of infection possible. Consistent vaccination reduced the problem of Gumboro disease on the farm.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Poisoning due to ionophore anticoccidial drugs in poultry].

Ionophore polyether antibiotics are used as anticoccidial drugs in poultry. However, these pharmaceutical agents are also being increasingly used as growth-promoting substances in stock and pig farming. Overdosage of ionophore anticoccidial drugs may cause typical symptoms of poisoning, viz. paralysis and an increased proportion of rejects. In addition to providing a method for detecting a high dosage in the feed, histological examination and determination of the creatine phosphokinase level of the serum are found to be of importance. The ionophore anticoccidial drugs used and their incompatibility with therapeutical agents are reviewed in tabular form. Seven cases of poisoning in broilers, laying hens, breeding birds and turkeys in the province of Gelderland are also reported.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Blue wing disease and chicken anemia agent in broilers].

Cases of typical dermatitis were observed on nineteen broiler farms in the province of Gelderland, the Netherlands, ever since 1984. These bloody inflammations occasionally caused a large number of rejects, particularly during the second and third weeks of life. A relationship with Gumboro disease was identified in a number of cases. The causative agent probably is a virus originating from birds of the broiler-breeding poultry flocks. This may possibly be the Chicken Anaemia Agent virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Epidemiology of Eimeria in broiler chicks as influenced by anticoccidial agents].

1,729 Flocks from seventy-three broiler farms, belonging to three integrated groups, were studied for the presence of coccidiosis during a five-year period. An overall average of 50.3 per cent of the flocks was found to be infected. There were marked difference between the integrated groups. Differences were also observed in the severity of infections, expressed in a relative coccidiosis score. A relatively high incidence of coccidiosis was particularly observed in autumn and winter flocks. Other conditions such as respiratory tract infections and leg defects were found to present a different seasonal pattern. Variations in the incidence of Eimeria species were observed during treatment with anticoccidial drugs. Repeated administration of the same agents resulted in changes in the spectrum; among other things, the number of mixed infections increased. Particularly so-called shuttle programmes using nicarbazin were found to be effective in suppressing coccidiosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Coccidiosis in broiler chicks: the prevalence of oocysts in feces in relation to necropsy findings in (sub)clinical coccidiosis and the effect of nicarbazin on these findings].

Faecal samples were also collected from broiler farms presenting birds for autopsy. 126 Samples were examined, using two methods. Oocysts were detectable 3.5 days previously on an average before the presence of coccidiosis was determined at autopsy. Of the faecal samples 65.9 per cent were positive, and 46.0 per cent of the findings at autopsy were positive for coccidiosis. Examination of the faeces showed that more cases of mixed infection were present than could be concluded from autopsy. The largest number of oocysts was observed in E. acervulina infection, though large numbers of oocysts were also detected in cases of mixed infection. Treatment with nicarbazin during te first three weeks of life was found to delay the appearance of coccidiosis. The frequent use of withdrawal periods in the administration of anticoccidial drugs in view of 'thinning' showed high excretion rates.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Influence of coccidiosis on growth rate and feed conversion in broilers after experimental infections with Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria maxima.

Under experimental conditions, the effects of subclinical Eimeria (E.) acervulina and E. maxima infections on growth and feed conversion in broilers of different ages were analysed. It was concluded that infection with E. acervulina and E. maxima led to a process which was independent of the age at which the birds were infected. The infection adversely affected growth and feed conversion for 2 to 3 weeks, followed by a recovery period of 2 to 3 weeks when compensatory growth took place. From this study it may be concluded that subclinical coccidiosis in the first weeks of life and in the last week of life of broilers does not lead to appreciable damage on growth and feed conversion. Since coccidiosis cannot be avoided in practice, systems in which broilers contact subclinical coccidiosis either in the first weeks of life or in the last week of life should be aimed for. It is suggested that in a coccidiostat programme an efficient anticoccidiosis agent is particularly desirable in the 3rd and 2nd week before slaughter. Examinations performed one week or less before slaughter can hardly be justified, on the grounds that there is a risk of a negative effect on growth an feed conversion due to subclinical coccidiosis.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗