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Biomedical subjects

W W Buchanan

Publications and source records attributed to W W Buchanan.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A comparison of flurbiprofen and naproxen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a Canadian multi-centre study.

A 6-week double-blind, parallel controlled, randomized study was carried out to compare the efficacy and tolerability of 100 mg flurbiprofen twice daily with 375 mg naproxen twice daily in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. One hundred and six patients from five centres were evaluable; 52 from the flurbiprofen group and 54 from the naproxen group. Evaluation of the primary efficacy parameters demonstrated no difference in efficacy between the treatment groups. In general, the results of evaluation of the secondary efficacy parameters also supported similar improvement for both treatment groups. The overall incidence of adverse clinical/laboratory experiences was similar between the treatment groups. Five patients, 3 flurbiprofen and 2 naproxen-treated, discontinued the study, all because of gastro-intestinal intolerance.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Implications of NSAID therapy in elderly patients.

Elderly patients receiving nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) require special consideration. Specific areas of concern include such physiologic changes as reduced viability of gastrointestinal transport systems, increased toxicity of water-soluble drugs, reduced plasma clearance of some agents and impaired renal and hepatic function. Since elderly patients frequently receive several medications concomitantly, awareness of potential drug interactions is critical. Further, adverse effects of NSAID may pose unique management challenges in elderly patients, particularly in those with impaired renal function. Lastly, of primary concern is the lack of clinical studies addressing the specific needs of this patient population. Further investigation is needed to better define the multifactorial aspects of management of elderly patients receiving NSAID.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Effect of R and S enantiomers of naproxen on aggregation and thromboxane production in human platelets.

The effects of R and S enantiomers of naproxen [(+)-6-methoxy-alpha-methyl- 2-naphthaleneacetic acid] were studied on platelet aggregation and on the production of thromboxane B2 from collagen-stimulated human platelets in order to determine the effect of each enantiomer in terms of cyclooxygenase inhibition. S-Naproxen caused inhibition of platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma and washed human platelets in a concentration-related fashion in the range 1-80 micrograms/L. A similar concentration-related suppression was noted for R-naproxen, but this inhibition was significantly less than that induced by S-naproxen for all concentrations except 1 micrograms/L. Similarly, both R- and S-naproxen (1-80 micrograms/L) caused a concentration-dependent suppression of thromboxane B2 production from platelet-rich plasma. These values were significant at all concentrations of drug (10-80 micrograms/L) except at 1 micrograms/L. Significant differences in thromboxane B2 production from washed human platelets were noted at concentrations of 10 and 25 micrograms/L. The findings support previous studies reported in the literature that S-naproxen is more active than R-naproxen. Our findings that S-naproxen is more active than R-naproxen on collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation and prostaglandin production suggest that the findings of greater activity of S isomer over the R isomer in animal models of inflammation may be a direct expression of the differential action on prostaglandin synthesis.

Collagen↗
PubMed1989

Infra-red surface thermography. Evaluation of a new radiometry instrument for measuring skin temperature over joints.

A study is reported of the evaluation of a new portable, light-weight, infrared thermometer, for the measurement of the skin temperature over joints. A high degree of reproducibility was observed, but no increase in heat was found over selected rheumatoid joints. The instrument will prove useful in detecting temperature changes in disease states where the changes are considerable, and where the ambient temperature can be strictly controlled.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1989

Measurement of pain threshold in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and healthy controls.

Pain threshold was measured using a pressure algometer in 126 subjects, of whom 54 were females and 72 males. These subjects included 18 males and 18 females with rheumatoid arthritis, 18 males and 18 females with osteoarthritis, 18 males with ankylosing spondylitis, and 18 male and 18 female healthy control volunteers. Six points were studied on each side of the body: 2 cm above the eyebrow on the forehead, lateral aspect of the arm at the insertion of the deltoid muscle, midpoint of the ulna, hypothenar eminence in the palm, midpoint of the quadriceps muscle, and midpoint of the antero-medial aspect of the tibia. None of these points corresponded to the "trigger" points in fibromyalgia. The pain threshold was statistically significantly higher in patients with ankylosing spondylitis than in patients with osteoarthritis, and these in turn were statistically higher than in the normal subjects. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had significantly lower pain thresholds than the normal subjects. No laterality in pain threshold was identified, but females had in general a lower pain threshold.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Comparative analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of sodium salicylate and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) in rheumatoid arthritis.

1. Enteric coated sodium salicylate 4.8 g daily was compared with the same dose of enteric coated aspirin in 18 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. 2. After an initial washout period lasting 3 days, patients were randomly allocated to treatment with sodium salicylate or aspirin. After 2 weeks the two treatments were crossed over. 3. Pain relief, reduction in articular index of joint tenderness, increase in grip strength, decrease in digital joint circumference and patients' assessment showed significant improvement with both treatments compared with the washout period. No significant differences were found between the two therapies. 4. No correlation was found in the degree of improvement in any of the clinical outcomes and the salicylate concentrations at steady state.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Sjögren's syndrome beyond the eye.

Sjögren's syndrome is a common systemic disease with major clinical manifestations in the eye, mouth and musculoskeletal system. The major clinical presentations of Sjögren's syndrome are reviewed with emphasis on diagnostic criteria, laboratory features, complications and treatment.

History, 19th Century↗