Biomedical subjects

W W Rittmann

Publications and source records attributed to W W Rittmann.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1978

Effect of somatostatin on exocrine pancreatic secretion stimulated by pancreozymin-secretin or by a test meal in the dog.

In 4 dogs with chronic duodenal and gastric fistulae, exocrine pancreatic function was assessed by cannulating the pancreatic duct and collecting the duodenal contents. Both methods were applied in each animal. Pancreatic secretion was stimulated by infusion of 2 CHR units of pancreozymin and secretin or by administration of a liquid test meal, injected into the stomach through the gastric fistula. During both experiments 3.5 microgram/kg somatostatin was given as bolus injection followed by an infusion of 3.5 microgram/kg/h. Somatostatin caused a significant reduction in protein and amylase output and in the bicarbonate concentration during stimulation with pancreozymin-secretin. Volume and bicarbonate slightly decreased but not to a significant extent. Duodenal volume and the duodenal activities of trypsin and amylase were significantly reduced during test meal stimulation and somatostatin infusion. Somatostatin is a potent inhibitor of exocrine pancreatic function mainly influencing enzyme secretion.

Amylases↗

PubMed1978

The endogenous release of pancreatic polypeptide by acid and meal in dogs. Effect of somatostatin.

The response of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) to testmeal (5 ml/kg) and intraduodenal acid (4 mEq HCl/5min) and its reaction to somatostatin (3.5 microgram/kg/h following bolus injection of 3.5 microgram/kg) was studied in dogs with chronic duodenal and gastric fistulae. In addition the influence of atropin (0.5 mg/kg/h) on acid-induced PP response was examined. PP was measured by radioimmunoassay pancreatic secretion by determinating volume, bicarbonate, protein, and enzyme in duodenal contents and pancreatic juice. Plasma PP increased significantly following intraduodenal application of testmeal and hydrochloric acid. Its release was completely suppressed by SST. Furthermore, PP response to intraduodenal acid was blocked by atropin. Exocrine pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and protein was inhibited by somatostatin as well as atropin. Since PP was released following administration of testmeal and acid, both potent stimulators of pancreatotropic duodenal hormones, it may play an important role in the control of the entero-pancreatic axis. The effect of atropin indicates a cholinergic nervous component of PP release.

Amylases↗

PubMed1978

[Antibiotic prophylaxis: definition and documentation].

Controlled, randomized and prospective studies were reviewed to evaluate the value of antibiotic prophylaxis in colonic and biliary tract surgery as well as in the treatment of open fractures. --Colorectal surgery: 7 studies using oral and 3 using parenteral antibiotics in addition to extensive bowel preparation have demonstrated the importance of a short term prophylaxis, instituted before surgery and discontinued soon thereafter. Different antibiotics with aerobic or anaerobic spectra reduced the incidence of wound infections significantly; further improvement could be expected from combinations covering both spectra. --Biliary surgery: cefazolin, gentamycin and rifamycin--used in four controlled studies--were effective in reducing infectious complications. No distinction was made between patients of different infectious risks. In low risk gallbladder surgery the real value of antimicrobial prophylaxis is unknown. Short term prophylaxis is recommendable in all high risk patients undergoing surgery and in the low risk case submitted to extensive interventions. --Open fractures: only three authors have submitted their patients to controlled studies. All protocols suffered from some bias. No definite conclusions can be made. The authors' personal recommendations are: no prophylaxis in first degree injuries; early preoperative administration of penicillinase-resistant drugs in second and third degree lesions.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1977

[Effect of somatostatin on canine exocrine pancreas secretion stimulated by pancreozymin, secretin or test meal].

In 4 dogs with pancreatic and gastric fistulae the effect of somatostatin (SST) on the pancreas was investigated during stimulation by pancreozymin-secretin or by a test meal. The pancreozymin-secretin-induced enzyme output and bile flow, as well as the enzyme concentration and duodenal volume during test meal stimulation were significantly reduced by SST. SST caused a less marked decrease in bicarbonate concentration, while volume and bicarbonate output did not change.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Influence of glucagon on exocrine pancreatic function as determined by the Lundh test in dogs.

Exocrine pancreatic function was investigated by means of the Lundh test model in dogs with chronic duodenal and gastric fistulas. The test was standardized and the effect of glucagon on exocrine pancreatic secretion was evaluated. The mean tryptic activity detected in 18 tests in 6 dogs was 32.25 +/- 5.25 muEqH+/minute/ml, which is considerably higher than that observed in man. The administration of glucagon was followed by a significant decrease (30.8%) in the volume of the duodenal contents and a more pronounced depression of the enzyme concentrations (trypsin 59%, chymotrypsin 53.3%). It is concluded that the Lundh test affords a valuable experimental model for the investigation of exocrine pancreatic function in dogs.

Animals↗

PubMed1976