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Biomedical subjects

W W Shingleton

Publications and source records attributed to W W Shingleton.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Cancer centers--origins and purpose. The James Ewing lecture.

Cancer centers in the United States date back to the beginning of this century, although there were few until the late 1950s and 1960s. The National Cancer Act of 1971 introduced a new era in serving as a major stimulus to the development of comprehensive cancer centers. Research scientists and physicians in centers have contributed significantly to the new knowledge of normal and abnormal regulation of cell growth and differentiation and to the advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The future for cancer centers is very bright. They will continue to play a major role in the advancement of knowledge about cancer. However, centers must be reevaluated at intervals to correct any deficiencies and to stimulate new and innovative approaches. Surgical oncologists should become more involved in cancer center research. Comprehensive cancer centers should develop more effective regional cancer control and prevention programs. Reevaluation of centers by the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md, and its advisory body, the National Cancer Advisory Board, along with cancer center leaders, should result in a consensus concerning changes to enhance their contribution to a solution to the cancer problem.

Cancer Care Facilities↗
PubMed1979

Results of a prospective randomized study of hepatic artery infusion with 5-fluorouracil versus intravenous 5-fluorouracil in patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: A Central Oncology Group study.

In a controlled, prospectively randomized trial, 74 patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer were randomized to either intra-arterial hepatic artery infusion with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or systemic chemotherapy with 5-FU. In 61 acceptable patients, there was no significant difference in terms of response rate, time to progression, duration of the response, and survival rate. Though the response rate for the intra-arterial infusion arm was slightly higher than for the systemic arm, the difference was not significant, and the intra-arterial infusion arm was associated with a greater incidence of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, in addition to complications of femoral-arterial thrombosis, bleeding, and infection at the catheter site not seen in patients treated by systemic chemotherapy. Patients with an objective response to chemotherapy on either treatment arm survived twice as long as the nonresponders. Long-term survival in one patient, 77 months, can occasionally be achieved in patients with hepatic metastases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

The relationship between biliary tract infections and postoperative complications.

The hospital records of 870 consecutive patients undergoing elective biliary tract operations during an eight year period were reviewed. Bacteriologic cultures of the biliary tract obtained on 451 patients were correlated with specific biliary tract abnormalities and with postoperative complications. The incidence of positive biliary tract cultures was higher in patients with common duct disease than in those with chronic gallbladder disease without common duct disease. Choledocholithiasis and partial obstruction of the common duct are viewed as important factors in causing a high incidence of postive biliary tract cultures. Eighty-eight per cent of patients who had undergone previous biliary tract decompression procedures had positive cultures. There was no difference in the yield of postive cultures taken from the gallbladder wall and the gallbladder bile. Forty-nine per cent of patients with common bile duct disease and positive biliary tract cultures had no history of clinical cholangitis. Postoperative wound infections were more common in patients with common duct disease. The microorganism responsible for postoperative cholangitis and septicemia can usually be cultured from the biliary tract at operation. Antibiotics significantly decreased the incidence of postoperative cholangitis and septicemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Management of recurrent melanoma of the extremity.

Two forms of therapy employed for treatment of patients with recurrent melanoma limited to the extremity, and carried out during different intervals of time, are presented. Perfusion of the involved extremity with phenylalanine mustard has resulted in a 5-year survival rate of 28% of 43 patients. A second group of 25 patients has been treated by a four-stage immunotherapy program consisting of sensitization with intradermal BCG, followed in 6 weeks by intra tumor injection of BCG. A third stage involved the activation of the patients's lymphocytes, after removal by a blood cell separator, incubated in vitro with irradiated neuraminidase-treated melanoma cells and reintroduced into the patient either by subcutaneous or intratumor injection. The fourth stage of immunotherapy involves injection of an inoculum of irradiated neuraminidase-treated autochothonous tumor cells plus BCG injected intratumorally or subcutaneously. Sixteen of 24 patients receiving immunotherapy treatment program have experienced arrest of their disease lasting from 5 to 42 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Intralesional BCG, intravenous immune lymphocytes, and immunization with neuraminidase-treated tumor cells to manage melanoma; A clinical assessment.

An attempt was made to produce tumor immunity in 193 patients who had melanoma, 160 of whom had metastases and 33 of whom did not. Four stages of treatment are outlined. The patients whose disease was confined to the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and lymph nodes seemed to benefit most. The treatment was of no benefit to patients whose disease had progressed to the visceral, skeletal, or central nervous systems.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗