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Biomedical subjects

W Winn

Publications and source records attributed to W Winn.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

The effect of instruction on dentists' motivation to manage fearful patients.

This study assesses the effect of the pre-doctoral and continuing behavioral education on dentists' efforts to treat fearful patients. A mail survey consisting of a booklet of 27 questions was sent to the 1988 and 1989 graduates of the Universities of Washington (UW), Kentucky (UK), and British Columbia (UBC). Graduates from UW and UK who received predoctoral instruction and some UBC graduates who received continuing education on the behavioral approach to caring for fearful patients were compared with UBC graduates who received only a primarily pharmacological oriented education. The overall response rate was 80.4 percent (164/204). Results indicate the average proportion of fearful patients seen was greater for those receiving behavioral instruction. Dentists who received behavioral instruction also reported greater effort addressing fear during patient's initial contact with the practice; however, they perceived the costs of the behavioral approach to be greater. No differences were found between groups for the remaining effort measures.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Performance of microtrak direct test for Chlamydia trachomatis in a prevalence study.

Three hundred thirty-two women, aged 18-30 yr. attending two clinics in Burlington Vermont were screened for infection with Chlamydia trachomatis by two methods. Microtrak Direct Test (SYVA) and cell culture. The overall sensitivity for Microtrak compared with culture was 75% (18 of 24), the specificity was 99.7% (307 of 308), the positive predictive value was 94.7% (18 of 19), and the negative predictive value was 98.1% (307 of 313). Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in this population was estimated to be 7.2% (95% confidence intervals 4.4-10.0). The results from this study suggest that Microtrak is less sensitive when used in unselected patient groups from populations of lower prevalence, in contrast to higher sensitivities previously reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Perceptual strategies used with flow diagrams having normal and unanticipated formats.

12 adults sought specific information in one of two flow diagrams illustrating the evolution of the dinosaur. One diagram showed the animals evolving from left to right, with a time scale at the top of the page. The other was reversed so that the animals evolved right to left with the time scale at the bottom. Observations of subjects' eye movements over four exposures to the diagrams suggested that those seeing the second diagram quickly developed a "reversed diagram" schema, which improved the accuracy with which they found the information. The successful completion of a three-step perceptual strategy was not affected by the reversal of the diagram. However, the absence of an accurate diagram schema delayed the strategy and led to incorrect responses. These results clarify the relationship among anticipatory schemata, perceptual strategy, and performance when seeking information in diagrams.

Discrimination Learning↗
PubMed1981

Legionnaires' disease in renal transplant patients.

Legionnaires disease, which is commonly manifested as pneumonia, was only recently recognized to be a bacterial infection. Diagnosis can be difficult because Gram's stain does not readily stain the bacterium in pulmonary secretions, the organism is not readily cultured, and legionellae is not affected by many commonly used antibiotics. In a retrospective review of all of our transplant patients, we identified 14 cases of Legionnaires' disease after 101 renal transplants. The patients characteristically had high fever, polymorphonuclear leukocytosis, dyspnea and an unproductive cough accompanied by radiographic changes of consolidating pneumonia. Legionnaires' disease can be diagnosed by direct immunofluorescent antibody staining, culture on special media or increases in serum titers of legionella antibodies in surviving patients. Since the recognition of Legionnaires' disease in 1977, we have successfully treated seven renal transplant patients using erythromycin with or without rifampin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Immunohistochemical demonstration of Toxoplasma gondii.

A peroxidase-antiperoxidase method that demonstrates both free and encysted toxoplasmata in routinely prepared histologic sections is described. This technic and ultrastructural study were employed to confirm the presence of Toxoplasma gondii in the infected tissues of an immunosuppressed patient who had postmortem examination. An immunohistochemical method may be an aid in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Pneumocystis carinii infection of the lung: radiologic and pathologic correlation.

The incidence of Pneumocystis carinii infection of the lung was determined in 100 consecutive autopsies on patients with hematologic malignancies and in a control group of 50 patients with acute myocardial infarction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thirteen instances of infection were found in the study group and one instance in the control group. Of the 14 patients with P. carinii infection, five were classified as uncomplicated P. carinii pneumonia with typical host response and five had no evidence of any host response to the presence of the organisms. Four cases were impossible to assess because of complicating bacterial, viral, or fungal pneumonia. The five patients with the typical histologic response to the presence of P. carinii organisms all showed diffuse pulmonary densities on the chest radiographs in accordance with the classic descriptions of P. carinii pneumonia. The five without any evidence of host response to the presence of P. carinii organisms showed no evidence of parenchymal disease on chest radiographs. The finding of P. carinii organisms in the lung is not necessarily an indication of clinically significant disease and, from this study, it seems that chest radiography is of considerable importance in determining the significance of such infestation.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1979

What makes a difference in learning from media.

Media design and selection decisions are often made solely on the basis of how information is to be delivered to the learner. With reference to recent and current research, this paper stresses the need to base such decisions on the compatibility of media with the content to be presented and with the learners. Application of these factors in the design of mediated instruction and the selection of materials is also considered.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1978

The radiographic findings in acute silicosis.

The radiological features of 4 cases of acute silicosis in sandblasters are described and correlated with the pathological findings. Alveolar involvement was more extensive than in chronic silicosis; in 2 cases an alveolar exudate similar to that found in alveolar proteinosis was present. The radiological changes in acute silicosis differ substantially from those in classical silicosis, mainly on the basis of the differing alveolar response.

Acute Disease↗