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Biomedical subjects

Wayne T Cornblath

Publications and source records attributed to Wayne T Cornblath.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Ocular ischemic syndrome after occlusion of both external carotid arteries.

The ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS) has been reported in association with high-grade stenosis or occlusion of the common carotid artery (CCA) or internal carotid artery (ICA) but never with high-grade stenosis or occlusion of the external carotid artery (ECA) alone. We describe two patients who developed OIS with bilateral occlusion of the ECAs yet patent CCAs and ICAs. In one case, unilateral OIS followed consecutive bilateral carotid endarterectomies. In the other case, OIS developed spontaneously OU but was exacerbated in one eye after ipsilateral carotid endarterectomy (CE) in the setting of pre-existing contralateral ECA occlusion. In some individuals, the ECA is the primary source of arterial blood flow to the eye. Because of this fact, the endarterectomy surgeon must avoid causing ECA occlusion by meticulously removing not only the ICA plaque, but also the entire ECA plaque.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Paraneoplastic disorders of ophthalmic interest.

Although paraneoplastic syndromes are not common, their recognition is important. Diagnosis of a paraneoplastic disorder can lead to the diagnosis of an underlying tumor or avoid the continued search for metastasis in a patient who has a known cancer. In addition, appropriate diagnosis leads to providing appropriate treatment and prognostic information.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed2003

Preliminary visual outcomes after three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy for optic nerve sheath meningioma.

PURPOSE: We assessed visual outcomes, local control, and toxicity associated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) for primary optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONSM). METHODS: Twenty-three patients diagnosed with ONSM were evaluated at the University of Michigan between 1986 and 2001. Fourteen patients were treated with 3D-CRT. Detailed pre- and postradiation treatment ophthalmologic examinations and MRIs were performed on all patients. Clinically significant visual acuity change was defined as a >or=three line change on the Snellen chart. Mean deviation change of >or=three decibels was defined as a clinically significant visual field change. Radiographic progression was defined as any increase in size on MRI. Acute and late toxicity was scored according to RTOG criteria. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 51.3 months. Five patients had a clinically significant improvement in visual acuity. Seven had stable acuity, and only 2 worsened. Nine patients had clinically significant visual field improvement. One patient developed early radiation retinopathy, 1 experienced orbital pain, 1 developed dry eye, and 2 developed iritis. No patient has required additional treatment, and none have demonstrated radiographic progression. CONCLUSION: 3D-CRT is effective in controlling tumor growth while improving or preserving vision in most patients with optic nerve sheath meningiomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Diminished striatal [123I]iodobenzovesamicol binding in idiopathic cervical dystonia.

Striatal dysfunction is thought to underlie many dystonias. We used [(123)I]iodobenzovesamicol single-photon emission computed tomography imaging to determine the density of cholinergic terminals in the striatum and other brain regions in 13 subjects with idiopathic cervical dystonia. Striatal [(131)I]iodobenzovesamicol binding was reduced. These results support a role for striatal dysfunction in idiopathic dystonias and suggest diminished striatal cholinergic interneuron density in cervical dystonia.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Delayed visual loss following pergolide treatment of a prolactinoma.

A patient who had achieved marked improvement in vision and shrinkage of a prolactinoma following treatment with pergolide (0.1 mg/day) suffered a marked worsening of vision 7 months after continued treatment at the same dose. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the time of visual loss showed further shrinkage of the tumor and prolapse of the chiasm into the pituitary fossa. The dose of pergolide was cut in half (0.05 mg/day); 12 months later, vision had completely recovered. Brain MRI at the time of visual recovery showed no change in the position of the prolapsed chiasm. This is the 11th reported case of delayed visual loss following dopaminergic treatment of prolactinoma. Recovery of vision always occurs with reduction of the medication dosage. Many patients whose prolactinomas are treated in this fashion display chiasmal prolapse, and few suffer visual loss. Considering that visual recovery occurs without a visible change in the position of the chiasm, traction is an unlikely cause of delayed visual loss. Therefore, the term chiasmal traction syndrome, used to describe visual loss with prolapsed chiasm following surgical and radiation treatment of sellar tumors, should not be applied in this setting lest it prompt consideration of surgical chiasmapexy. The proper management is reduction of the dopaminergic agonist dosage.

Dopamine Agonists↗