Biomedical subjects

William J Burns

Publications and source records attributed to William J Burns.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Neurocognitive differential diagnosis of dementing diseases: Alzheimer's Dementia, Vascular Dementia, Frontotemporal Dementia, and Major Depressive Disorder.

Similarities in presentation of Dementia of Alzheimer's Type, Vascular Dementia, Frontotemporal Dementia, and Major Depressive Disorder, pose differential diagnosis challenges. The current study identifies specific neuropsychological patterns of scores for Dementia of Alzheimer's Type, Vascular Dementia, Frontotemporal Dementia, and Major Depressive Disorder. Neuropsychological domains directly assessed in the study included: immediate memory, delayed memory, confrontational naming, verbal fluency, attention, concentration, and executive functioning. The results reveal specific neuropsychological comparative profiles for Dementia of Alzheimer's Type, Vascular Dementia, Frontotemporal Dementia, and Major Depressive Disorder. The identification of these profiles will assist in the differential diagnosis of these disorders and aid in patient treatment.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Discrepancies between premorbid and current IQ as a function of progressive mental deterioration.

The declining cognitive functioning typically found in patients with Alzheimer's disease presents an opportunity to study that decline. The changing magnitude of ever widening discrepancies between premorbid estimators of IQ and observed IQ increases as severity of the disease increases. Premorbid IQs estimated by these scores (the National Adult Reading Test-Revised, the reading tests of the Revised and Third Editions of the Wide Range Achievement Test, and a demographically based regression index for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised) had relatively similar discrepancies from obtained WAIS-R Full Scale IQs in samples of normal elderly (n = 30), and elderly patients diagnosed with mild (n = 30) and moderate Alzheimer's disease (n = 30) dementia. The discrepancies became larger, regardless of premorbid estimator, as disease severity progressed from none to mild to moderate across the samples.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Prediction of IQ in the Mayo Older Adult Normative sample using multiple methods.

Using the Mayo Older Adult Normative sample (Ivnik et al., 1992) as our database, we developed regression models for estimating premorbid Full Scale (FSIQs), Verbal (VIQs), and Performance (PIQs) IQs for elderly adults. Age, years of education, and sex were the only demographic variables that showed sufficient variability; therefore, they were used as predictor variables in three stepwise procedures. The Mayo Normative FSIQs, VIQs, and PIQs served as the dependent variables. Both education and sex added significantly to the accounting of variance of both FSIQ and VIQ ( p < .001), whereas education ( p < .001) and age ( p < .05) were significant predictors of PIQ. These models produced statistically significant multiple Rs of .54, .58, and .35 ( p < .0001), with standard errors of estimate of 9.02, 8.28, and 10.77 for FSIQ, VIQ, and PIQ, respectively. Estimated FSIQs generated with the present model and the model developed by Barona and colleagues (Barona, Reynolds, & Chastain, 1984) were compared. The correlation between estimated IQs was large, the mean difference between IQs was very small, the standard deviations were nearly equal, and the categorical distributions of the two were similar. Because the Barona model is likely to be familiar to most clinicians, these findings argue in favor of the continued use of the Barona model, even when assessing people older than the WAIS-R normative sample. Extensions of these models to the WAIS-III also are discussed.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2002

Differences in young children's IQs on the Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence-revised as a function of stratification variables.

The normative sample (N = 1,700) of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised (WPPSI-R), stratified on age, gender, ethnicity, geographic region, education, and occupation of children's parents, served as the database with which to examine the associations of demographic characteristics with Verbal Intelligence Quotients (VIQs), Performance Intelligence Quotients (PIQs), and Full Scale Intelligence Quotients (FSIQs) among young children. A 3-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) andfollow-up analyses of variance (ANOVAs) found significant effects of parent education and ethnicity, but not child's gender, on IQ. A separate 2-way MANOVA andfollow-up ANOVAsfound significant interaction effects between region and ethnicity on IQ. Parent education showed the largest association with all 3 IQs, whereas gender and age showed the least. The meaning of the hierarchy of the stratification variable associations with IQ is discussed.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1986

Maternal-neonatal incest.

Among all the forms of child abuse, sexual abuse during infancy is the least often discovered. Three cases of mother-child incest initiated during the neonatal period are described in this paper. The mothers all were estranged from their sexual partners, had demonstrated some confusion regarding sexual identity, and had sought assistance with chemical dependency during pregnancy.

Adult↗