Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to William Jordan.
Antibodies can be used to measures levels of molecules in solution using the dual-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two antibodies are used that become bridged in the presence of the substance of interest, leading to the production of a colored product by a reporter enzyme.
Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay provides an alternative to dual-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and is widely used for the measurement of substances in biological liquids.
Interleukin-19 (IL-19) is a newly discovered member of the IL-10 family of ligands whose function is presently undefined. We recently described its cloning and initial characterization and in so doing, noted that the induction of IL-19 by LPS in human monocytes was down-regulated by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and up-regulated by IL-4. This preliminary observation led us to speculate that IL-19 may play a role in the Th1/Th2 system and we examined this hypothesis further. Our results suggested that IL-19 is able to influence the maturation of human T-cells. CD4+ T-cells resulting from SEB stimulation in the presence of IL-19 contained a higher proportion of IL-4 producing cells than those developing in the absence of IL-19. This observation was complimented by the observation that fewer IFN-gamma cells accrued in the presence of IL-19, thereby suggesting that IL-19 altered the balance of Th1/Th2 cells in favour of Th2. Furthermore, in whole PBMC cultures, IL-19 up-regulated IL-4 and down-regulated IFNgamma in a dose-dependent manner. These results are presented here in review format, in the context of an overall discussion of IL-19 and its receptor.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of responses to selected fragrance materials in patients who were fragrance sensitive. 218 fragrance sensitive subjects were evaluated in eight centres worldwide with a fragrance mixture (FM) and 17 less well-studied fragrance materials. Reaction to the fragrance mixture (FM) occurred in 76% of the subjects. The (FM) detected all reactions to nerol and hydroxycitronellol and 93% of the reactions to clove bud oil. Ten fragrance materials were not detected by the FM and deserve further study: benzenepropanol, beta, beta, 3-trimethyl, hexyl-salicylate, dl-citronellol, synthetic ylang ylang oil, benzyl mixture, cyclohexyl-acetate, eugenyl methyl ether, isoeugenyl methyl ether, 3-phenyl-1-propanol, and 3, 7-dimethyl-7-methoxyoctan-2-ol.
Lead optimization requires toxicity screening strategies to select a compound with a high likelihood of successful development. As numerous compounds need to be screened and resources to direct toward any single compound are limited, short turnaround times to generate and interpret data are needed. Utilization of in vivo toxicity screens is necessary for an effective screening strategy, however, if not appropriately implemented, they may consume excessive resources and prolong selection of a developable compound. Optimization of in vivo studies requires identifying effective placement into the screening strategy, selecting the appropriate study designs, implementing processes that allow rapid data generation and interpretation, and understanding the utilities of in vivo data. When implemented, an effective, high-throughput screening strategy will utilize adequate but minimal amounts of resources, and will prioritize processing near technical time limits. These require generating only the data from which decisions will be made and can be best achieved using as few animals as possible per study.
The authors present 6 unusual vascular complications secondary to maldeployed or undeployed vascular stents. They retrospectively reviewed patients referred for complications of vascular stent placement from September 1998 to March 1999. Information on patient history was obtained from a computerized database and clinical document file. Radiographic information was obtained from arteriograms, ultrasound, and computed tomography imaging. Case 1 describes an undeployed stent in the superior mesenteric artery with subsequent thrombosis in addition to celiac occlusion secondary to attempted balloon angioplasty. Case 2 refers to a malpositioned stent placed in the aortic arch and proximal left common carotid artery. Case 3 involves an undeployed coronary stent that migrated to the right distal posterior tibial artery, causing vascular occlusion and chronic pain. In Case 4, an attempted stent placement into the left iliac artery resulted in an undeployed stent lodged across the aortic bifurcation. Case 5 illustrates a partially deployed stent occluding the left renal artery that was unamenable to further angioplasty. Case 6 demonstrates arterial dissection with a pseudoaneurysm following stent placement for right subclavian stenosis. Five patients required operative intervention. Increased use of stents may escalate the number of complications requiring operative intervention. Foreign bodies can migrate distally and potentiate thrombotic occlusion of vessels. Caution must be used not only at the time of deployment but also in the follow-up period. Continued surveillance becomes important after vascular stent placement.