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Biomedical subjects

X Dray

Publications and source records attributed to X Dray.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Malnutrition in adults with cystic fibrosis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and clinical features of malnutrition and its relationship with the CFTR genotype in a cystic fibrosis (CF) adult population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Department of Pulmonology, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France. SUBJECTS: 163 CF adults seen between 1997 and 1999. RESULTS: Mean age was 28.8 y. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 19.1 kg/m2. Malnutrition (BMI<18.5 kg/m2) was seen in 81 patients (49.7%). Its severity was associated with diagnosis of CF before the age of 18 y (P<0.01), FEV1 values below 30% (P<0.01), the yearly decline of FEV1 (P<0.01), pancreatic insufficiency (P<0.01) and gastro-oesophageal reflux (P<0.01). Malnutrition was observed in 58.7% of patients with a severe CFTR genotype but in 28.6% of patients with a mild genotype (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Malnutrition remains frequent in adults with CF except in patients presenting with a mild CFTR genotype (leading to a mild phenotype and to later diagnosis).

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Prevalences of HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C in blood donors in the Republic of Djibouti].

Screening for hepatitis B (HBV) surface antigen (Ag HBs) and for antibodies to hepatitis C (HCV) and human: immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was carried out in 9006 volunteer blood donors at the National Blood Bank in the Republic of Djibouti from 1998 to 2000. Results demonstrated the presence of Ag HBs in 934 patients (10.4%), antibodies to HCV in 21 patients (0.3%), and antibodies to HIV in 175 patients (1.9%). In comparison with neighboring countries the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV infection in Djibouti was low. These findings should be used to guide preventive action against these viral infections in the Republic of Djibouti. Estimations of HIV infection (11.7%) based on modeling by the World Health Organization should be reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Influence of dietary factors on colorectal cancer survival.

BACKGROUND: Diet has been identified as a major determinant of colorectal cancer (CRC) but little is known of its influence on CRC survival. AIMS: To study the influence of dietary factors on survival in patients who had undergone potentially curative CRC surgery. PATIENTS: Among 171 patients included in a case control study of CRC aetiological factors, 10 year survival data on 148 patients who underwent resection of the tumour for potential cure were obtained from a Registry of Digestive Tumours. METHODS: Tertiles of food and nutrient intakes were entered into Cox proportional hazards survival models, controlling for age, sex, tumour stage, and tumour location. RESULTS: Only five year survival was influenced by the pre-diagnosis diet. High energy intake, as a result of high carbohydrate, protein, and lipid intake, was strongly related to increased survival. Five year relative risk of death for the highest versus the two lowest tertiles of energy intake was 0.18 (95% confidence interval 0.07; 0.44). This effect was similar in both sexes, for the colon and for the rectum. It was stronger in patients with N+/M+ tumours (relative risk 0.06) than in those with less advanced tumours (relative risk 0.37; stage-energy interaction term non-significant). No specific food or nutrient could be identified as having prognostic significance. CONCLUSIONS: Whether high energy intake selects less severe tumoral clones or modifies antitumoral immunity remains unclear. Larger series need to be investigated before conducting intervention studies but our findings should prompt nutritional follow up in CRC patients.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[A cholera epidemic in Dijibouti (May 2000-January 2001)].

The purpose of this report is to describe a cholera outbreak that occurred in the Republic of Djibouti from May 2000 to January 2001. Because the Somalian index cases involved were identified, this outbreak can be used as a model for imported epidemics. Development of the disease in the Djibouti City is promoted by a combination of poor living conditions and inadequate water supply. Unlike in previous epidemics in Djibouti, bacteriological study demonstrated the emergence of Vibrio cholerae strains presenting antibiotic resistance similar to that observed in Somalia. At the only facility available for cholera treatment in the country, 1920 patients were admitted and 36(1.9%) died. An epidemiological study of these patients demonstrated that females accounted for most cases in the 15-to-44-year age group (p < 0.0001) whereas males accounted for most cases in the age groups ranging from 0 to 1 year (p = 0.003) and 5 to 14 years (p = 0.002). These findings suggest that the mode of contamination and access to care vary according to sex and age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Cirrhosis with non alcoholic steatohepatitis: role of tamoxifen].

We report a case of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with cirrhosis in a woman receiving tamoxifen as adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. Despite the presence of other risk factors for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (such as diabetes, obesity and hyperlipidemia), the patient developed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis only after tamoxifen was started. We suggest that patients receiving tamoxifen, especially patients with predisposing metabolic disorders, should be evaluated for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, because progression to cirrhosis may occur.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of enteral nutrition in the management of Crohn's disease in adults.

Crohn's disease is a chronic, relapsing disease and none of the treatments developed so far can cure it. Artificial nutrition is effective to both treat malnutrition when present and induce remission. However, striking advances in anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating therapies (including infliximab) and low compliance to treatment in the first trials have limited its place in the management of adults to drug-resistant patients. Randomized controlled trials show that artificial nutrition is effective in >50% of the cases in this selected population. Significant progress has recently been made to improve the palatability (and thus acceptability) of some enteral solutions, which can be consumed by the oral route and as pharmaconutrition. We reviewed the literature on enteral nutrition in adults with Crohn's disease. We present herein the results of the studies performed with antioxidants, glutamine, short-chain fatty acids, prebiotics, probiotics, low microparticle diets, and a TGFbeta2 enriched formulation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute pancreatitis revealing cystic fibrosis in an adult].

We report a case of pancreatitis as the first symptom of cystic fibrosis in a 22-year-old woman. The diagnosis was suspected upon the history of nasal polyposis and severe episodes of respiratory infections in infancy. The diagnosis was confirmed by sweat test. Genotyping showed a compound heterozygosity for mutations delta F508 and 5T. Acute pancreatitis is a rare manifestation of cystic fibrosis and an exceptional mode of initial presentation of the disease. It occurs in pancreatic sufficient patients, especially in young adults. This exceptional case shows that cystic fibrosis should be suspected in each case of idiopathic pancreatitis. Indications of cholecystectomy in patients with associated gallbladder lithiasis is discussed.

Acute Disease↗