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Biomedical subjects

X H Fang

Publications and source records attributed to X H Fang.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Longitudinal study of blood pressure and stroke in over 37,000 People in China.

As part of a longitudinal study performed in urban China, 37,655 subjects were evaluated for stroke risk factors, including having their blood pressure measured in a standard fashion. The cohort was followed for 3.5 years during which time 427 subjects experienced incident strokes--221 ischemic, 203 hemorrhagic, and 3 undefined. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly related to risk of stroke and stroke type. Associations were stronger for systolic than diastolic blood pressure. These results emphasize the importance of systolic blood pressure, as opposed to diastolic, as a risk factor for stroke. In this study, the risk of stroke is increased by about 25% with each 10 mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Prevention of stroke in urban China: a community-based intervention trial.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stroke has been the second leading cause of death in large cities in China since the 1980s. Meanwhile, the prevalences of hypertension and smoking have steadily increased over the last 2 decades. Therefore, a community-based intervention trial was initiated in 7 Chinese cities in 1987. The overall goal of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention aimed at reducing multiple risk factors for stroke. The primary study objective was to reduce the incidence of stroke by 25% over 3.5 years of intervention. METHODS: In May 1987 in each of 7 the cities, 2 geographically separated communities with a registered population of about 10 000 each were selected as either intervention or control communities. In each community, a cohort containing about 2700 subjects (>/=35 years old) free of stroke was sampled, and a survey was administered to obtain baseline data and screen the eligible subjects for intervention. In each city, a program of treatment for hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes was instituted in the intervention cohort (n approximately 2700) and health education was provided to the full intervention community (n approximately 10 000). A follow-up survey was conducted in 1990. Comparisons of intervention and control cohorts in each city were pooled to yield a single summary. RESULTS: A total of 18 786 subjects were recruited to the intervention cohort and 18 876 to the control cohort from 7 cities. After 3.5 years, 174 new stroke cases had occurred in the intervention cohort and 253 in the control cohort. The 3.5-year cumulative incidence of total stroke was significantly lower in the intervention cohort than the control cohort (0.93% versus 1.34%; RR=0.69; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.84). The incidence rates of nonfatal and fatal stroke, as well as ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, were significantly lower in the intervention cohort than the control cohort. The prevalence of hypertension increased by 4.3% in the intervention cohort and by 7.8% in the control cohort. The average systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased more in the control cohort than in the intervention cohort. Among hypertensive individuals in the intervention cohort, awareness of hypertension increased by 6.7% and the percentage of hypertensives who regularly took antihypertensive medication increased 13.2%. All of these indices became worse in the control cohort. The prevalence of heart diseases and diabetes increased significantly in the both cohorts (P<0.01). The prevalence of consumption of alcohol increased slightly, and that of smoking remained constant in both cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: A community-based intervention for stroke reduction is feasible and effective in the cities of China. The reduction, due to the intervention, in the incidence of stroke in the intervention cohort was statistically significant after 3.5 years of intervention. The sharp reduction in the incidence of stroke may be due to the interventions having blunted the expected increase in hypertension that accompanies aging as well as to better and earlier treatment of hypertension, particularly borderline hypertension. Applied health education to all the residents of the community may have prevented some normotensive individuals from developing hypertension and improved overall health awareness and knowledge.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1995

[Modulation of norepinephrinergic control of hypothalamus preoptic areas on hibernation bouts in ground squirrels (Citellus dauricus)].

In our previous work, it was shown that hibernation could be enhanced by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 200 micrograms) into the lateral cerebral ventricle of ground squirrels by destructing norepinephrine (NE) nerve terminals in brain areas including hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, hippocampus and periaqueductal gray matter of middle brain. In order to identify the specific area contributing for the modulation of NE system on hibernation, small doses of 6-OHDA (4 micrograms) were microinjected bilaterally into medial preoptic hypothalamus (MPA), lateral preoptic hypothalamus (LPA) and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH). The results showed: (1) Depletion of NE on MPA may facilitate hibernation. (2) Little effect was seen by microinjection of 6-OHDA into LPA. (3) The effect of 6-OHDA on VMH was similar to that on MPA, through the mechanism remains to be investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

A case-control study on the environmental risk factors of Parkinson's disease in Tianjin, China.

Using a case-control method, we studied the role of environmental risk factors and viral infection in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) in China. Ninety-three PD patients and 186 controls were investigated with a questionnaire and from most of them, blood was taken to test the antibody levels of four virus (measles, rubella, HSV-1, CMV) IgG. The study result showed that positive family history, living near rubber plants, drinking river-water were associated with an increased risk of developing PD. In contrast, living in small cities, drinking well-water, drinking hard-liquor frequently, were associated with a decreased risk for PD. PD cases and controls did not differ with respect to other factors investigated including smoking and viral infection. These findings suggest that some environmental factors may be related to the development of PD, but further standardized studies will be required to confirm our results.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Role of macrophage in presenting antigens of Schistosoma japonicum].

Indirect ELISA was employed to monitor the serum anti-UEA (urea soluble egg antigen of Schistosoma japonicum) antibody level of mice immunized by: a. UEA pulsed macrophage (Mphi+); b. Cultural supernatant of Mphi+; c. paraformaldehyde fixed M phi (P-Mphi) pulsed with UEA; d. Ammonium chloride treated M phi (NH4Cl-Mphi) pulsed with UEA; e. P-Mphi pulsed with trypsin digested UEA (T-UEA); f. NH4Cl-Mphi pulsed with T-UEA. The normal Mphi, its supernatant and the culture media RPMI 1640 acted as the negative control. The results showed: 1. Serum anti-UEA antibody levels of mice immunized by a and b raised markedly, indicating that the immunogenicity of UEA might be kept up after Mphi processing and the antigenic message could be transferred either by the Mphi+ or by its supernatant; 2. Mice immunized by c and d gave similar results, but the anti-UEA antibody level of the former was higher than that of the latter, suggesting that polyformaldehyde could not alter the UEA binding site on the surface of Mphi; 3. In the case of mice immunized by e and f, the antibody levels were much lower than that of mice immunized by c and d, suggesting that UEA binding sites on Mphi surface as well as UEA immunogenicity could be changed by trypsin.

Ammonium Chloride↗
PubMed1992

[Preliminary study on the role of macrophage in processing and presenting antigens of Schistosoma japonicum].

The horseradish peroxidase labeled affinity purified mice anti-UEA (Urea soluble egg antigen of Schistosoma japonicum) antibody was used in enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) to monitor the changes after UEA being processed by M phi. The immune responsive peptides were detected in the culture supernatant and homogenate of M phi pulsed with UEA in vitro (M phi+). After processing by M phi the high molecular weight UEA was cleaved into low molecular weight peptides, as shown, by the reactive bands. They markedly differed from that native UEA or trypsin-digested UEA. The bands of M phi supernatant and homogenate showed similarity with certain quantitative differences. According to the result described above, we considered: 1. UEA could be processed into smaller pieces by M phi, the style of processing is cleavage. 2. The processed peptides might be released to extracellular environment.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Delayed hemothorax after chest injuries. Report of 31 cases].

Thirty-one patients with delayed hemothorax were treated. The time from trauma to hemothorax formation ranged from 2 to 30 days. The patients with chest injuries accompanied by multiple rib fracture, potential vascular injuries and foreign body retention the thoracic cavity were observed closely. The diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regional anesthesia for microsurgery in China: a review.

Between June 1968 and December 1985, a total of 1185 microsurgical operations were performed at the No. 6 Municipal Hospital, Shanghai. These included 500 reimplantations of amputated hands or fingers, 271 free transfers of toes, 96 free transfers of fibula, 63 free transfers of muscle, 34 reconstructions of hands, and 88 ENT procedures. The anesthetic methods used were brachial plexus block 401 (33.8%), cervical epidural block 232 (19.6%), general anesthesia 193 16.3%), double catheter lumbar and cervical epidural block 149 (12.6%), brachial plexus plus lumbar epidural block 123 (10.4%), lumbar epidural block alone 64 (5.4%), and acupuncture 22 (1.9%). Anesthesia in microsurgical operations must provide good operating conditions for very prolonged periods, devoid of any vasospasm and preferably with a degree of vasodilatation to facilitate vascular anastomosis.

Anesthesia, Conduction↗