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Biomedical subjects

X L Liu

Publications and source records attributed to X L Liu.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Shared idiotype expression by chronic lymphocytic leukemia and B-cell lymphoma.

Antiidiotype (Id) antibodies identify unique determinants within the surface immunoglobulin (Ig) that are present on B-cell tumors. Anti-Ids have been used for diagnosis and therapy of B-cell lymphoma and leukemia. A panel of 29 anti-Id monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) that recognize shared idiotypes (SIds) on B-cell lymphomas was tested for reactivity with both B-cell leukemias and lymphomas. Ten of 40 (25%) cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) reacted with at least one of the 29 anti-SId MoAbs. Three cases reacted with more than one anti-SId MoAb, but there was no repetitive pattern of a single anti-SId MoAb reacting with a large proportion of CLL cases. In contrast, for B-cell lymphoma, in which 11 of 31 (36%) cases reacted, one anti-SId (B4-1) reacted with five of the positive cases; all were diffuse histology. Restricted anti-SId reactivity may lead to important insights into the etiology of certain B-cell lymphomas. In addition, these anti-SIds may obviate the need to develop "tailor-made" antibodies for individual patients.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

The histochemical study of rat sciatic nerve cholinesterase in degeneration and regeneration.

With a modified, less time-consuming, Karnovsky-Roots method, this study evaluated the reduction and recovery of rat sciatic nerve cholinesterase (ChE) in degeneration and regeneration. Characteristics of motor fascicles included not only partial staining of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in the axon, but also a small amount of more intense staining of butyrylcholinesterase (BuchE) in the unmyelinated fibers, scattered between the myelinated fibers in a spot or fleck form. Characteristics of sensory fascicles included more intense staining of BuchE in the unmyelinated fibers, (appearing as irregular balls or pieces), and a scattering between unstained myelinated fibers. Mixed fascicles had characteristics of both motor and sensory fascicles. Unmyelinated fibers exhibited BuchE activity, but myelinated fibers exhibited AchE activity. Preparation time for a specimen to react to ChE-positive staining was about 1 to 2 hr; the method is very suitable for diagnosis during surgery. After nerve transection, AchE activity at the distal nerve end began to reduce gradually; no AchE could be tested after two weeks. But BuchE activity in unmyelinated fibers could be found until 30 days after transection. After epineurial suturing of the peripheral nerve transection, new AchE activity could be found at the anastomosis site until about two weeks and at 1 cm distal to the anastomosis site until about three weeks. It became more intense with the passage of time and, at about six weeks, regenerated AchE-positive myelinated fibers could be seen at the distal end of the nerve.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1990

[Genotoxicity of fried fish extract, MeIQ and inhibition by green tea antioxidant].

Fried fish extract (FFE) and its related compound MeIQ showed potent genotoxicity to mammalian cells. FFE and MeIQ induced an increase in SCE or micronuclei in V79 cells in the presence of S9mix and an increase in SCE in IAR20 cells without S9mix UDS of rat primary hepatocytes was also significantly increased after treatment by FFE or MeIQ. Green tea antioxidant strongly inhibited the increase in SCE and micronuclei induced by FFE or MeIQ in V79 or IAR20 cells. The inhibitory effect of antioxidant on UDS was also observed in rat primary hepatocytes treated with FFE or MeIQ. The results indicate that mutagens and/or carcinogens might be produced during cooking of meat under high temperature. Frequent intake of green tea might be beneficial to human health.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Primary nephrotic syndrome associated with renal tubular dysfunctions: renal morphologic alteration and response to treatment].

To evaluate the importance of renal tubular dysfunctions (RTD) in the patients with primary nephrotic syndrome (NS), renal tubular functions tests and renal biopsies were taken in 25 cases with NS. They were divided into two groups: A. with RTD (15 cases); B. without RTD (10 cases). Four glomerular pathological types were found in 22 cases: 15 cases with MePGN, 2 cases with IgAN, 4 cases with MPGN, 1 case with SGN. Degrees of pathological alteration of renal tubules were as follows: 5 cases in grade 0, all from group B. 11 cases in grade I, 7 belong to group A and 4 to group B. Each 3 cases in Grade II and grade III, all of them from group A. Treatment with steroids and cyclophosphane resulted in complete remission in 1 case and no effect in 11 cases of group A, and complete remission in 6 cases and no effect in 3 cases of group B. NS associated with RTD is common in adults, and its major clinical characteristic is resistant to steroid therapy. RTD is closely related to renal tubular morphological changes, and is not related to pathological classification of glomerular alteration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of aflatoxin B1 on vitamin A status and on microsomal mixed function oxidase in male mouse].

Thirty healty male mice were divided into two groups. One group received oral dose of AFBi (900 micrograms/kg) for seven days and another the same amount of solvent in the same way during this period. AFB1 significantly decreased the content of VitA in the serum and liver, respectively, 60% and 36% less than that of the control, while it increased the content in kidney, 33% more than that of the control. AFB1 markedly induced hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 and the concentration of cytochrome P450 increased 43%. But no effect was found in the activity of hepatic microsomal NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase by AFB1. The experimental results show that AFB1 can reduce the level of VitA in vivo and this effect on VitA is correlative with induction of hepatic microsome cytochrome P450.

Aflatoxin B1↗
PubMed1989

[Preliminary study on mutagenicity of MeIQ and extracts of fried fish and antimutagenicity of some dietary factors].

2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo (4,5-f) quinoline (MeIQ) and extracts of fried fish showed a strong mutagenicity as reflected backward mutation in Salmonella typhimurium. Significant inhibitory effects on mutagenicity induced by MeIQ or extracts of fried fish were found by simultaneous treatment with extracts of fresh vegetables, fruits and especially green tea antioxidants. The results indicated that some mutagens and/or carcinogens might be produced during high temperature cooking of some animal meats. The frequent intake of fresh vegetables, fruits and green tea might be beneficial in the prevention of human cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Aircraft noise-induced temporary threshold shift.

Audiograms were taken on 20 young men before and immediately after exposure to Fighter-6 ground running-up noise, and their course of recovery was followed. The sound levels at the engine hatch were 117-128 dB(A). The noise-induced temporary threshold shift was more than 13 dB. The maximum threshold shift occurred at 4 kHz. The shift in the low and speech frequencies recovers more rapidly and is completed in 30 min, whereas that in the high-frequency range recovers much more slowly, not returning to normal until 24 h later. High-frequency hearing loss is at risk in groundcrew. In order to prevent hearing damage, they ought to wear ear-protectors. We discovered that the V-shaped depression was not at 4 kHz but at 6 kHz. The former view concerning the pathogenesis of "4 kHz depression", therefore, is open to question. This interesting subject warrants further study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The effects of high iodine on the brain development of mice.

C57 mice were divided into two groups: (A): experiment group (H group). Each female mouse was injected with 20 microliter iodized oil; (B): control group (N group). Both groups were mated 8 days after iodized oil injection. Urine iodine contents/24 h of H group was 20 times higher than that in N group 7 days after injection and 18 times higher two months later. Serum T4 values were determined. Brain protein, DNA, body weight, motility and learning ability were measured in the progeny. The results indicate that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in any of the parameters mentioned above. This strongly suggests that a high iodine dose, given as iodized oil, does not have obvious damaging effects on brain development, at least in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Treatment of primary carcinoma of the gallbladder--report of 33 cases].

33 cases of primary carcinoma of the gallbladder confirmed by operation from 1962 to 1983 are reported. It comprises 2.7% of all patients undergoing cholecystectomy during the same period. One was diagnosed preoperatively. The lesions were resected in 17 (51.5%), of which 12 were associated with gallstones, and survived for an average of 21 months, while those unresected survived for 3 months. The overall 5-year survival rate was 4.5%. The correlation of the gallbladder cancer with cholecystitis, gallstones and other related organic changes is discussed. The diagnosis is difficult and prognosis remains poor unless the cancer is diagnosed by operation at early stage. For this reason, it is suggested that preventive cholecystectomy on elderly patients with cholecystitis and gallstones be likely to lead to better results.

Adenocarcinoma↗