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Biomedical subjects

X M Cui

Publications and source records attributed to X M Cui.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Chemical characteristics for different parts of Panax notoginseng using pressurized liquid extraction and HPLC-ELSD.

The chemical characteristics for different parts of Panax notoginseng, including root, fibre root, rhizome, stem, leaf, flower and seed, were determined using high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). Eight major saponins, namely notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3 and Rd were also quantitatively compared among the different parts of P. notoginseng. The chromatograms showed that there was significant difference between underground (root, fibre root, rhizome) and aerial (leaf and flower) parts from P. notoginseng, though the similarities of entire chromatographic patterns among tested samples from underground (0.965+/-0.029, n=12) and aerial parts (0.987+/-0.014, n=5) were similar, respectively. Especially, no saponin was detected in the seed of P. notoginseng. Hierarchical clustering analysis based on eight investigated saponins or the ratios of contents for ginsenoside Rg1/Rb1 and ginsenoside Rb3/Rb1 showed that the samples from different parts of P. notoginseng were divided into three main clusters. One cluster was underground parts, which contained rich protopanaxatriol and protopanaxadiol types saponins. The leaf and flower were in the same cluster, which contained protopanaxadiol type saponins only. Especially, ginsenoside Rc, Rb2 and Rb3, rare in the underground parts, were rich in aerial parts of P. notoginseng. The stem of P. notoginseng was another cluster. Based on the cluster analysis, the chemical characteristics for different parts of P. notoginseng were revealed. They are composite cluster (underground parts), protopanaxadiol cluster (aerial parts) and interim (stem) cluster, which was the one between the two typical clusters, respectively. The result shows that chemical characteristics of underground parts and aerial parts from P. notoginseng are obviously different, which is helpful for pharmacological evaluation and quality control of P. notoginseng.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2003

Authentication of Panax notoginseng by 5S-rRNA spacer domain and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis.

The great majority of Panax species are well-known herbal medicines in the Orient, and many of them share a close resemblance in appearance and chemical composition. Among these Panax species, the root of P. notoginseng (Sanqi) is a unique herb that has distinct clinical usage. Here, the 5S-rRNA spacer domains were isolated from P. notoginseng, P. japonicus var. major, P. stipuleanatus, P. quinquefolius, P. ginseng, P. zingiberensis, and P. wangianus, and four common adulterants of P. notoginseng including Curcuma wenyujin, Curcuma longa, Bletilla striata and Gynura segetum. The spacer domains were sequenced and compared, which showed over 75 % DNA identity among all Panax species, but not for the adulterants. In addition, random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to distinguish different members of Panax genus as well as the morphological variants of P. notoginseng. These molecular methods could be used in the authentic identification of P. notoginseng from other Panax species.

DNA Primers↗
PubMed2003

Genetic distinction of radix adenophorae from its adulterants by the DNA sequence of 5S-rRNA spacer domains.

Radix Adenophorae (Shashen), a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used as an antitussive and expectorant, is derived from roots of Adenophora stricta Miq. and Adenophora tetraphylla (Thunb.) Fisch. Twelve species and varieties of Adenophora and Glehnia, however, could act as substitutes or adulterants of Radix Adenophorae on the commercial markets in South East Asia, and roots of Adenophora hunanensis Nannf. and Glihnia littoralis F. Schmidt ex Miq. are the most common examples. The authentic identification of dried roots of A. stricta and A. tetraphylla, however, is difficult on the basis of appearance and morphology. A molecular genetic approach was developed here to identify the species of Radix Adenophorae. The 5S-rRNA spacer domains (approximately 250 bp) were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from genomic DNAs isolated from A. stricta, A. tetraphylla, A. hunanensis and G. littoralis, and subsequently, the nucleotide sequences were determined. Diversity in DNA sequence and restriction enzyme mapping among various species were found in their 5S-rRNA spacer domains, which could serve as markers for authentic identification of Radix Adenophorae.

Antitussive Agents↗
PubMed2001

[Studies on saponin accumulative in regularities Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimal harvest time for P. notoginseng through studying the changes of saponin contents with growth periods. METHODS: P. notoginseng samples were collected from the experimental plot regularly, and then the contents of total saponin and some main single saponins were analyzed by HPLC. RESULTS: Total saponin contents decreased from April through July, and increased from August through December. CONCLUSION: The optimal harvest time is determined as from October through December, which corresponds to the traditional harvest time.

Ginsenosides↗
PubMed2000

The TGF-beta type III receptor is localized to the medial edge epithelium during palatal fusion.

During palatal fusion, the medial edge epithelial cells (MEE) but not the oral/nasal palatal epithelium, selectively undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. It is known that this process is regulated, at least in part, by endogenous TGF-beta3. One conceivable mechanism is that restricted expression of TGF-beta receptors (TbetaRs) in a subpopulation of cells may localize TGF-beta responsiveness (Brown et al., 1999). However, TGF-beta type II receptor (TbetaR-II) is expressed by all palatal epithelial cells during palatal fusion (Cui et al., 1998) and therefore cannot localize TGF-beta3 responsiveness. To investigate the role of TGF-beta type III receptor (TbetaR-III) in MEE transformation, we examined the expression pattern of TbetaR-III in the developing palate from E12 to E15 mice in vivo and in vitro by immunohistochemistry and compared the expression pattern to that of type I receptor (TbetaR-I). The expression of TbetaR-III was temporo-spatially restricted to the MEE during palatal fusion, while the expression of TbetaR-I was primarily localized in all palatal epithelia, consistent with the expression patterns of TbetaR-II and TGF-beta3 (Cui et al., 1998). These results support our hypothesis that TbetaR-III localizes and mediates the developmental role of TGF-beta3 on MEE transformation by specific expression in the MEE. TbetaR-III may modulate TGF-beta3 binding to TbetaR-II in the MEE cells to locally enhance TGF-beta3 autocrine signaling through the TbetaR-I/TbetaR-II receptor complex, which contributes to MEE selective epithelial-mesenchymal transformation.

Activin Receptors, Type I↗
PubMed2000

[Studies on initial infection sources and channels of black spot on Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen].

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the occurring and developing regularities of black spot on Panax notoginseng for disease control. METHODS: After artificial inoculation, observation and analysis on the planting plots were conducted regularly. RESULTS: The main infection sources include diseased seeds, seedlings, plants and soils. On the plot of new cropping, the initial infection sources are diseased seeds and seedlings while diseased plants and soils with pathogens are the main sources onplot of old cropping. CONCLUSION: Wiping out the infection centre and sources are the major effective means for control of black spot on P. notoginseng.

Panax↗
PubMed1998

Immunohistochemical localization of TGF-beta type II receptor and TGF-beta3 during palatogenesis in vivo and in vitro.

The disappearance of medial edge epithelium (MEE) is a critical event for palate fusion. TGF-beta3 is one factor participating in the regulation of this process. To investigate the nature of ligand-receptor interactions in vivo between TGF-beta3 and the type II TGF-beta receptor (TbetaR-II), we compared the expression pattern of the receptor with TGF-beta3. Immunohistochemical analysis of the mouse fetus from E12 to E15 showed that expression of TbetaR-II in the palate began at E13 when the palatal shelves were in a vertical orientation. TbetaR-II was localized in the epithelial cells. This epithelium-favored distribution remained during palatal shelf elevation, the medial edge epithelial adherence, and midline epithelial seam disruption. After palate fusion and mesenchyme confluence, weak expression of TbetaR-II was present in the mesenchyme. To verify the possibility that TGF-beta3 and TbetaR-II expression coincide, immunohistochemistry was used to localize them both in serial sections. The distribution pattern of TGF-beta3 was also epithelium-limited in the palate from E13 to E15, and the spatial localization was correlated with the expression of TbetaR-II. Immunohistochemical localization of TbetaR-II and TGF-beta3 in palatal shelves in organ culture had patterns that were consistent with the in vivo results. These results suggest that TGF-beta3 exerts its developmental role through TbetaR-II in an autocrine fashion. The expression of both TGF-beta3 and TbetaR-II was below the detectable level in the mesenchyme following MEE disruption, suggesting that the TGF-beta3 signal might not be required once the MEE has completed phenotypic transformation/migration.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Transforming growth factor-beta3 regulates transdifferentiation of medial edge epithelium during palatal fusion and associated degradation of the basement membrane.

Studies on transforming growth factor beta3 (TGF-beta3) deficient mice have shown that TGF-beta3 plays a critical role in palatogenesis. These null mutant mice have clefting of the secondary palate, caused by a defect in the process of fusion of the palatal shelves. A critical step in mammalian palatal fusion is removal of the medial edge epithelial cells from the midline seam and formation of continuous mesenchyme. To determine in more detail the role of TGF-beta3 in palatogenesis, we cultured TGF-beta3 null mutant and wild-type control palatal shelves in an organ culture system. The fate of the medial edge epithelial cells was studied in vitro using vital cell labeling and immunohistochemical techniques. Despite clear adherence, the null mutant palatal shelves did not fuse in vitro, but instead the medial edge epithelial cells survived at the midline position, and the basement membrane was resistant towards degradation. Supplementation of the culture medium with the mature form of TGF-beta3 was able to fully correct the defective fusion in the null mutant specimens. Our results demonstrate that the reason for the defective palatal fusion in TGF-beta3 (-/-) samples is not impaired adhesion. Our data define a specific role for TGF-beta3 in the events that control transdifferentiation of the medial edge epithelial cells including degradation of the underlying basement membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Expression of transforming growth factor beta in radiation interstitial pneumonitis.

We investigated the changes in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) mRNA and TGF-beta 3 protein expression that occur in radiation interstitial pneumonitis. We used TGF-beta 1-cDNA probe in situ hybridization and TGF-beta 3 polyclonal antibody in immunohistochemical techniques. Our results showed that the distribution of TGF-beta 1 mRNA and TGF-beta 3 protein basically coincided in blood vessels, airways, lung parenchyma, and alveolar macrophages. However, bronchial epithelial cells expressed only TGF-beta 3 proteins and no TGF-beta 1 mRNA. We found an increased expression of TGF-beta 1 mRNA and TGF-beta 3 proteins in radiation interstitial pneumonitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Collagen gene expression in radiation interstitial pneumonitis.

By using type I and type III collagen cDNA probe and cDNA-mRNA in situ hybridization, we observed the changes of rat lung alpha 1(I) and alpha 1(III) collagen gene expression in radiation interstitial pneumonitis. The results showed that the expressed cell of type I and type III collagen were scattered within the fibroblasts in the thickened interalveolar walls. The type I and type III collagen mRNA content in irradiated animals were higher than those in the controls at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Effect of connective tissues underlying precancerous lesions combined with epithelia separated from normal mucosa].

The connective tissues underlying the precancerous changes of the epithelia were separated and combined with the epithelia which were separated from the normal mucosa. The combinations were transplanted in nude mice. Specimens were taken at 6 and 10 weeks after transplantation and routinely processed for microscopic examination. The results show that the connective tissue underlying epithelial dysplasia may induce the normal epithelium undergoing epithelial dysplasia changes. The experiment demonstrates the etiological importance of the connective tissue in the development of cancer, and may be applied clinically in the treatment of precancerous lesions.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1991

[Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in gallbladder stones: report of 200 cases].

The effect and experience in treating 200 patients having gallbladder stones with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) were reported. Traditional Chinese medicine was used in combination in these patients. The overall effective lithotriptic rate was 91%. In a follow-up study of 137 of the cases, the rate of complete disappearance of gallbladder stones was 16.8%, 25.5% and 39.4%, respectively 1, 3, and 6 months after lithotripsy. During treatment, the patients had no remarkable discomfort. The authors consider that the lithotriptic effect is related to the nature, size, morphology and structure of the stones and ESWL is promising non-operative treatment. However, improved instrumentation is necessary for better efficacy of lithotripsy.

Adult↗