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X Su

Publications and source records attributed to X Su.

149 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
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Should immunonutrition become routine in critically ill patients? A systematic review of the evidence.

CONTEXT: Several nutrients have been shown to influence immunologic and inflammatory responses in humans. Whether these effects translate into an improvement in clinical outcomes in critically ill patients remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between enteral nutrition supplemented with immune-enhancing nutrients and infectious complications and mortality rates in critically ill patients. DATA SOURCES: The databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Biosis, and CINAHL were searched for articles published from 1990 to 2000. Additional data sources included the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register from 1990 to 2000, personal files, abstract proceedings, and relevant reference lists of articles identified by database review. STUDY SELECTION: A total of 326 titles, abstracts, and articles were reviewed. Primary studies were included if they were randomized trials of critically ill or surgical patients that evaluated the effect of enteral nutrition supplemented with some combination of arginine, glutamine, nucleotides, and omega-3 fatty acids on infectious complication and mortality rates compared with standard enteral nutrition, and included clinically important outcomes, such as mortality. DATA EXTRACTION: Methodological quality of individual studies was scored and necessary data were abstracted in duplicate and independently. DATA SYNTHESIS: Twenty-two randomized trials with a total of 2419 patients compared the use of immunonutrition with standard enteral nutrition in surgical and critically ill patients. With respect to mortality, immunonutrition was associated with a pooled risk ratio (RR) of 1.10 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93-1.31). Immunonutrition was associated with lower infectious complications (RR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.54-0.80). Since there was significant heterogeneity across studies, we examined several a priori subgroup analyses. We found that studies using commercial formulas with high arginine content were associated with a significant reduction in infectious complications and a trend toward a lower mortality rate compared with other immune-enhancing diets. Studies of surgical patients were associated with a significant reduction in infectious complication rates compared with studies of critically ill patients. In studies of critically ill patients, studies with a high-quality score were associated with increased mortality and a significant reduction in infectious complication rates compared with studies with a low-quality score. CONCLUSION: Immunonutrition may decrease infectious complication rates but it is not associated with an overall mortality advantage. However, the treatment effect varies depending on the intervention, the patient population, and the methodological quality of the study.

Arginine↗
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An ultrastructural study of cardiac myocytes in postmyocardial infarction ventricular aneurysm representative of chronic ischemic myocardium using semiquantitative and quantitative assessment.

To elucidate the characteristic myocytic changes in chronic ischemic myocardium, an electronmicroscopic (EM) study was carried out in surgically excised postmyocardial infarction left ventricular aneurysm (LVAN) (n = 15) using semiquantitative (in all 15 cases) and quantitative assessment methods (in 10 cases). The control group, representing normal ultrastructure, included left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy specimens of sick sinus syndrome (SSS) (n = 3), Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome (n = 1), and intraoperative left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy in mitral stenosis (MS) (n = 3). Myocardial condition was assessed at the ultrastructural level according to the severity of morphologic changes, first semiquantitatively, thereafter with the use of the Image Processor-Analyzer LUZEX III for morphometric analysis. The most marked EM findings were mitochondrial regressive changes, glycogen accumulation, nuclear deformities, increased rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum at the perinuclear portion, lysis of myofibrils, and myofibrillar degeneration. The quantitative analysis revealed significant (p < 0.05) increase of glycogen deposition, only at the perinuclear portion in the LVAN group. The myofibril to mitochondria ratio at the intercalated disc (ID) portion of the cardiac myocytes significantly increased (p < 0.01) in the LVAN group as compared with the normal control group. Light microscopically evaluated quantitative analysis, using toluidine-blue stained semithin sections which underwent EM observation, showed that the fractional area of interstitial fibrous tissue was significantly increased in the LVAN group compared to the normal controls (p < 0.01). These results signify that in chronic ischemic myocardium, decreased consumption of glycogen in oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the surviving myocytes, and that hypertrophy of the myocytes appears. The results of this study may lead to the proper ultrastructural interpretation of biopsied human myocardium, regardless of etiology.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bulk acoustic wave bacterial growth sensor applied to analysis of antimicrobial properties of tea.

A bulk acoustic wave (BAW) bacterial growth sensor has been proposed for study of inhibitory effects of tea by continuous monitoring of disturbances in Proteus growth in the aqueous extracts of various teas, e.g. green tea, Fuzhuan brick tea, Oolong tea, Kudin tea, and black tea. The kinetic parameters, e.g. asymptote (A), maximum specific growth rate (microm), lag time (lambda), and generation time (g), accurately estimated by using the growth response model, have been first used to characterize antimicrobial properties of tea. All of the parameters were changed via the inhibitory effects by tea. Green tea gives the weakest inhibitory action while others show stronger inhibitory actions. These inhibitory effects have also been examined by using the pour plate count technique. Both of the results show that, in addition to the antimicrobial properties of tea polyphenols and catechins, etc., the inhibitory effects may be attributed to the metabolites produced during the fermentation processing of these teas except green tea. The conventional disk diffusion test has been used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against P. rettgeri. The MICs of green tea, Fuzhuan brick tea, Oolong tea, and black tea were found to be 1113, 818.0, 681.2, and 510.4 microg/mL, respectively. The BAW bacterial growth sensor has shown to have advantages over other techniques, including the disk diffusion test, photometry, and the impedance method.

Acoustics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased susceptibility to apoptosis induced by anti-Fas antibody in a Rothmund-Thomson syndrome lymphoblastoid cell line.

Dysregulation of apoptosis leading to reduced DNA repair capacity, increased DNA mutation, and chromosomal instability is one of the pathological mechanisms associated with aging. Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a human genetic disease characterized by several features of premature aging. Although the genetic defect has not been identified, defects in DNA repair capacity have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease. To determine whether dysregulation of apoptosis is associated with the pathogenesis of RTS symptoms, we investigated the sensitivity of a lymphoblastoid cell line--derived from a young (10-year-old) individual with RTS--to cell death induced by anti-Fas antibody (clone: CH-11). Cell lines derived from a normal young (14-year-old) individual and a normal aged (79-year-old) individual were used as controls. Treatment with CH-11 (500 ng/ml) resulted in significantly decreased cell viability in the RTS cell line (42.4% +/- 4.2%) and that derived from the aged individual (47.3% +/- 9.2%) as compared to the normal young cell line (66.9% +/- 7.0%). The concentrations of CH-11 required to induce 50% cell death in the RTS (IC50, 890 ng/ml) and that derived from the aged individual (IC50, 3640 ng/ml) were lower than that of the control young cell line (IC50 > 10(5) ng/ml). The lower viability was due to increased susceptibility to apoptosis to CH-11 in the RTS (59.0% +/- 2.0%) compared to that in the normal young cell line (40.9% +/- 0.9%) as shown by 7-amino-actinomycin D (7-AAD) staining (p < .005). Treatment of the RTS cell line with acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde (Ac-DEVD-CHO), a specific inhibitor of caspase-3, significantly increased the cell viability after CH-11 treatment (75.9% +/- 2.2%). Taken together, these results provide the first evidence to show that RTS lymphoblastoid has an increased sensitivity to cell death mediated by Fas and that inhibition of caspase-3 activity may be a potential target in reversing the sensitivity of RTS cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis in vitro.

Adolescent↗