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Biomedical subjects

X Zhao

Publications and source records attributed to X Zhao.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Electromyographic studies on myotonic dystrophy].

EMG studies were made on 12 cases of myotonic dystrophy (MyD). The EMG of the distal and proximal muscles of the limbs showed no marked difference (P greater than 0.05). The myotonic potentials, pathologic spontaneous potentials and incomplete interference patterns had more marked differences respectively as the durations of the disease were prolonged.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Examination of chemotactic properties of bovine mammary macrophages.

An in vitro model system in which polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) migration under agarose was employed to examine the ability of mammary macrophages to release chemoattractants for PMN. Mammary macrophages were incubated in Hanks' balanced salt solution for up to 12 h in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. The possibility that the chemotactic activity is mediated through release of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and prostaglandins (PGs) by mammary macrophages was investigated. The data showed that release of chemotactic activity peaked 6 h following addition of S. aureus in the culture medium of mammary macrophages. Very low levels of IL-1 were detected in the same culture medium. Addition of indomethacin, a PGs synthesis inhibitor, was ineffective in altering the chemotactic activity detected in the culture medium of macrophages. These data suggest that it is highly unlikely that the chemotactic activity is mediated through the production of IL-1 and PGs by the mammary macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The role of c-mos proto-oncoprotein in mammalian meiotic maturation.

The developmentally regulated expression of c-mos oncogene has led to the speculation that this gene may be involved in gametogenesis and early development. To directly test this possibility, we have used an electric field mediated transfer method to introduce an antibody against the c-mos gene product into living immature mouse oocytes. Control oocytes exposed to the electric field without antibody, non-immune IgG, or c-mos antibody pre-absorbed with the mos peptide underwent normal germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) (90%) and formed a polar body by 8 h. Oocytes transferred with antibody against c-mos product underwent GVBD, and chromosome condensation as judged by Hoechst 33258 staining. However, antibody transferred oocytes did not form a polar body. Confocal fluorescence microscopy using antibodies against tubulin demonstrated that 90% of the oocytes that received antibody against c-mos did not assemble a meiotic spindle. In a few instances an abnormal spindle-like structure did form. Electron microscopy confirmed that the nuclear envelope disassembled and revealed many microtubules in a disorganized manner. Western blot analysis showed the presence of p39c-mos in mouse mature oocytes, spermatocytes and granulosa cells. These results suggest a role for c-mos in regulating the assembly and/or function of the spindle during meiotic division in murine.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Inhibition of c-mos protein kinase blocks mouse zygotes at the pronuclei stage.

The c-mos gene product is required for activation of the maturation-promoting factor (MPF) during oocyte maturation. The c-mos protein also acts as a cytostatic factor which is responsible for meiotic metaphase arrest of vertebrate eggs via stabilization of MPF. Here we show that mouse zygotes contain the c-mos protein. Introduction of a kinase-inhibitory anti-mos antibody into mouse zygotes 12 h after fertilization prevented the first cleavage of zygotes at the pronuclei stage. A second anti-mos antibody, known to allow the mos kinase to function, did not interfere with the formation of two-cell embryos. In addition to its known role in MPF activation in oocyte maturation and meiotic metaphase arrest, our findings indicate that the c-mos protein kinase is also required for completion of pronuclei breakdown following fertilization of mouse eggs.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Secretion of interleukin-1 by bovine milk macrophages.

The relative sensitivity of bovine blood monocytes and macrophages isolated from milk to lipopolysaccharide, with respect to interleukin 1 (IL-1) production, was evaluated. Addition of lipopolysaccharide (0 to 30 microgram/ml) to the culture medium resulted in increases in secreted and intracellular IL-1 activity for monocytes and milk macrophages, with maximal stimulation achieved at 30 micrograms of lipopolysaccharide/ml of medium. At this concentration of lipopolysaccharide, monocytes released 76% of the total IL-1, whereas milk macrophages released only 26% of the total IL-1 produced within the cell. Secretion of a small quantity of IL-1 was a common property of macrophages isolated from healthy and mastitic quarters. We concluded that limited secretion of IL-1 may render the milk macrophages less efficient in promoting lymphocyte activation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The effect of lipopolysaccharide on bovine mammary macrophage function.

The effect of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules by bovine mammary macrophages was examined. The ability of LPS-treated mammary macrophages to support antigen-specific T-cell proliferation, as a measure of their antigen presentation ability, was also evaluated. For this purpose, control and LPS-treated macrophages were pulsed with heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus and then cultured with S. aureus-sensitized T-cells. Our data show that LPS had no significant effect on the expression of MHC class II molecules on the surface of mammary macrophages. Furthermore, LPS-induced macrophages were no more active in supporting T-cell proliferation on a per cell basis than unstimulated macrophages. The lack of macrophage response to LPS with respect to expression of MHC class II molecules and the antigen presentation ability is another example of the hyporesponsive nature of macrophages isolated from the bovine mammary gland.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Plasminogen activator production by bovine milk macrophages and blood monocytes.

The type of plasminogen activator (PA) produced by bovine milk macrophages has been determined. Macrophages produce a PA protein with molecular weight of 28,000 and isoelectric point of 8.5, and with enzymatic activity independent of fibrin. These characteristics are identical to those reported for bovine urokinase-PA. Although blood monocytes and milk macrophages produce PA after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, mammary macrophages are clearly limited in their ability to release PA. At maximal stimulation, 78% of the PA produced by milk macrophages remained cell-associated. In marked contrast, blood monocytes released 76% of the PA produced into the culture medium. Macrophages isolated from mastitic quarters produced higher (2.5 times) amounts of PA, compared with those produced by macrophages isolated from healthy quarters. However, in both cases, macrophages were unable to secrete the protein already produced. The limited PA secretion by milk macrophages might be a residual function of a differentiated macrophage population.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Expression and nucleotide sequence analysis of the Legionella pneumophila recA gene.

The nucleotide sequence of the L pneumophila recA gene was determined. The coding region was 1044 nucleotides (348 codons), specifying a 37,934 Da protein. Preceding the recA gene was a tandem set of transcription regulatory sequences and putative LexA binding sites. When expressed in E. coli, the cloned recA gene yield two proteins with molecular weights of approximately 38,000 and 35,500 Da. The larger of these two proteins shared 70.4% and 74.6% identity with the E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa RecA proteins, respectively. The 35,500 Da recA encoded protein was presumed to be the product of translation from Met26 which was preceded by an alternate ribosomal binding site.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Effects of N-acetylimidazole on oxytocin binding in bovine mammary tissue.

The effects of N-acetylimidazole on specific binding of oxytocin to microsomal fractions of bovine mammary gland were studied. N-acetylimidazole suppressed oxytocin binding, with time and concentration dependence. Decreased oxytocin binding activity appeared to be due to decreased affinity of the hormone for its receptor. Acetylation of oxytocin, rather than of oxytocin receptors, seemed to be responsible for the decreased binding.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1990

[Drug modulation of thromboxane A2/prostacyclin balance and lipid peroxidation in patients with coronary artery disease].

Sixty patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Therapeutic dose of diltiazem markedly inhibited the production of whole blood thromboxane A2(TXA2), but had no effect on the production of prostacyclin(PGI2). Both aspirin 20mg/d and diltiazem plus aspirin had marked inhibitive effects on both TXA2 and PGI2. The order of potency of the three regimens in decreasing TXA2/PGI2 ratio was diltiazem plus aspirin greater than diltiazem greater than aspirin. Diltiazem, aspirin and combination of both all decreased significantly serum lipid peroxides level, but had no effect on serum superoxide dismutase concentration. The results indicate that both therapeutic dose of diltiazem and low-dose of aspirin may modulate TXA2/PGI2 balance and inhibit lipid peroxidation in CAD and that the combination of both drugs may result in best therapeutic effect.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Adrenomyeloneuropathy in 4 brothers].

Four brothers with adrenomyeloneuropathy are reported. They have developed darkening of the skin the sign of adrenal insufficiency at age of 5-10. During 10 years after that time progressive spastic paraparesis has appeared gradually in all of them and has had aggrevative tendency abruptly in late. Three male cousins of the proband probably died of "juvenile type" of adrenoleucodystrophy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Requirement of the c-mos protein kinase for murine meiotic maturation.

Anti-sense mos oligonucleotides have been shown to block steps required for meiotic maturation of oocytes. In Xenopus oocytes, the block prevents germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), an early step in oocyte maturation. In mice the block induced by anti-sense mos occurs at a later step in oocyte maturation concerned with the first polar body emission. Here, we show that mouse oocyte maturation is blocked by introduction of anti-mos antibodies into immature functional oocytes. Antibodies that inhibit the mos kinase blocked GVBD. In contrast, anti-mos antibodies that permit the mos kinase to function do not block GVBD, but interfere with polar body formation. Antibodies pre-reacted with excess cognate peptide had no observable effects on maturation. These results indicate that the c-mos kinase function is required for activation of maturation-promoting factor (MPF) during meiosis. These findings are also consistent with our previous studies which show that the mos kinase directly phosphorylates cyclin B2, a component of MPF (Roy et al., 1990).

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The seroepidemiological observation on hepatitis delta virus infection].

To assess the relationship between hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection and HBV and reveal the distribution of HDV infection and the feature of epidemic, we collected 271 cases of HBV infected people in Shijiazhuang area and tested anti-HD with EIA from April 1987 to October 1988. This study found the prevalence of HDV infection was as high as 12.92% (35/271), and male prevalence of anti-HD was 14.06% (27/192) and female 10.13% (8/79), but there was no significance difference (P greater than 0.05). This suggested that the area of Shijiazhuan was a spot where HDV infection was high. Among these people, the positive rate of anti-HD in chronic active hepatitis, chronic persistent hepatitis and cirrhosis was much higher than that in HBsAg carriers. These finding indicated that HDV infection (coinfection and superinfection) was important in pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B and in exacerbating liver disease to cirrhosis. This study confirmed that there was no significant difference between HDV infection and age, sex and occupation among HBV infected people.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Identification of 10 kinds of Zanthoxylum by pyrolysis GC].

In this paper, pyrolysis GC was applied to differentiate and fingerprint 10 kinds of Zanthoxylum on an OV-101 capillary column. Analytical conditions with this column, operating temperature, pyrolysis time and peak identifications are discussed.

Chromatography, Gas↗