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Biomedical subjects

Xavier Banse

Publications and source records attributed to Xavier Banse.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Neck fracture femoral heads for impaction bone grafting: evolution of stiffness and compactness during impaction of osteoarthrotic and neck-fracture femoral heads.

BACKGROUND: The need for safe bone allografts is increasing and preservation of femoral heads from patients being operated on with hip arthroplasty should be encouraged. However, should we preserve femoral heads from patients operated on for neck fracture as tissue mechanical quality may not be satisfactory? MATERIAL AND METHODS: We compared the evolution of stiffness and compactness of fresh-frozen morselized bone obtained from osteoarthrotic femoral heads and those from neck fractures. Both materials were also compared after freeze-drying and irradiation. We used 6 osteoarthrotic and 6 neck-fracture femoral heads to prepare 4 batches of morselized bone. 18 samples from each batch were impacted in a contained cylinder. Frozen bone grafts were tested after thawing at room temperature for 2 hours and freeze-dried grafts were tested after 30 minutes of rehydration. RESULTS: The stiffness of fresh-frozen neck fracture bone was lower than that of fresh-frozen osteoarthrotic bone at 150 impactions. The stiffness of freeze-dried irradiated bone was higher than that of the fresh-frozen bone and did not differ between osteoarthrotic and neck-fracture bone. INTERPRETATION: Solvent-treated freeze-dried bone from femoral heads procured during arthroplasty for sub-capital hip fractures represents a valuable source of material for allografts, addressing concerns regarding serological testing, medical history and bone quality.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Freeze-dried irradiated bone brittleness improves compactness in an impaction bone grafting model.

BACKGROUND: Defatted bone chips with or without freeze-drying and irradiation have mechanical advantages as compared to fresh-frozen controls in in vitro models of impaction. These improved results have been ascribed to replacement of viscous bone marrow by saline and embrittlement of the freeze-dried bone by irradiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To determine which of these hypotheses is correct, we compared the development of stiffness and compactness of morselized bone graft that had been: 1) fat-reduced with saline, and 2) fresh-frozen, solvent-detergent defatted, 3) freeze-dried irradiated and 4) not irradiated. We used 12 osteoarthrotic femoral heads to prepare these four batches of morselized bone, and impacted 18 samples from each batch in a cylinder. The frozen bone grafts were tested after thawing at room temperature for 2 hours and the freeze-dried grafts were tested after 30 minutes of rehydration. We monitored the development of compactness and stiffness of the material during impaction. RESULTS: The stiffness of the freeze-dried irradiated bone was greater than that of the other three series after 10, 50 and 150 impactions. The freeze-dried bone chips that were not irradiated and the chips defatted with saline alone were less stiff than the fresh-frozen control after 150 impactions. INTERPRETATION: The brittleness of freeze-dried irradiated bone, caused by loss of the capacity to absorb energy in a plastic way, increases the compactness and stiffness of the morselized grafts. Washing bone with saline alone or treating bone with solvent-detergent but no irradiation had no similar mechanical advantage and the bone did not impact better than fresh-frozen undefatted bone in our model.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Biochemical and mechanical properties of subchondral bone in osteoarthritis.

The subchondral bone has long been known to thicken in osteoarthritis. However, recent evidence has demonstrated that the turnover of the bone is increased several fold, and further suggests that the thickening occurs prior to degradation of the articular cartilage, indicating that it plays a role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. The mechanical and biochemical properties of the subchondral bone are therefore of particular interest in any attempt to determine the nature of the factors initiating osteoarthritis. We have shown that the subchondral bone collagen of the femoral head possessed a 20-fold increase in turnover, as assessed by procollagen rate of synthesis and metalloproteinase degradation, and a 25% decrease in mineralisation. This increased metabolism and high lysyl hydroxylation leads to narrower and weaker fibres. Additionally the phenotypic expression of the osteoblasts is modified to produce increasing proportions of type I homotrimer in addition to the normal type I heterotrimer, which further reduces the mechanical strength of the bone. Overall, the narrow immature collagen fibres, the reduction in pyrrole cross-linking, decreased mineralisation, and increased amounts of type I homotrimer, all contribute to a weakening of the mechanical properties of the subchondral bone.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2003

Impaction bone grafting with freeze-dried irradiated bone. Part I. Femoral implant stability: cadaver experiments in a hip simulator.

Processed freeze-dried irradiated allografts seem to be used less than instead of fresh-frozen allografts for impaction bone grafting in revision hip arthroplasties. Although biologically acceptable, their use is discouraged because of their questionable mechanical properties following freeze-drying and irradiation procedures. To address this question, we impacted freeze-dried grafts in 6 cadaveric femurs and loaded with a cemented Charnley prosthesis. The routinely used fresh-frozen allografts were used as controls in the contralateral side. These constructs were compared simultaneously in a walking hip simulator for their stability during 900,000 loading cycles. The mechanical parameters were axial inducible displacement and subsidence of the implant. The former parameter was lower in the implant mounted on freeze-dried impacted grafts than that mounted on the fresh-frozen bone. The latter parameter was also lower in the freeze-dried group. At the end of the test, we found no implant loosening in either group and their 'pull out' resulted in cement-prosthesis debonding, which showed the mechanical integrity of the impacted grafts. Freeze-dried grafts provide more stable fixation of the stem than fresh-frozen morselized grafts, when tested in a hip simulator.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Impaction bone grafting with freeze-dried irradiated bone. Part II. Changes in stiffness and compactness of morselized grafts: experiments in cadavers.

In the technique of impaction bone grafting, implant stability depends on the mechanical properties of the impacted morselized grafts. Although the procedure is usually performed with fresh-frozen femoral heads, there is still some concern about their supply and safety. Bone processing is a potential solution, but the mechanical properties of this material during and after impaction need to be determined. We used 6 osteoarthrotic femoral heads to prepare two paired batches of morselized bone. One batch was morselized and frozen. The other batch was chemically treated, morselized, freeze-dried and then gamma-irradiated. We impacted 18 samples from each batch in a contained cylinder. Freeze-dried bone grafts were tested after 30 minutes of rehydration. The changes in the compactness and stiffness of the material were monitored during the impaction. The compaction of the freeze-dried bone was faster than that of their fresh-frozen control. The maximal stiffness reached by both materials was the same (55 MPa), but the freeze-dried grafts required three to four times fewer impactions to achieve that stiffness. After 3, 10 and 50 impactions the freeze-dried bone was stiffer than the fresh-frozen bone. As it is easier to impact, the freeze-dried bone may be mechanically more efficient than the fresh-frozen bone in surgical conditions. Moreover, the processed bone meets the highest safety standards, as regards the risk of disease transmission.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed2002

Perforations of cortical bone allografts improve their incorporation.

The incorporation of perforated cortical bone allografts was compared with non-perforated allografts. A 5-cm circumferential defect in the middiaphysis at the tibia was created in adult sheep. A frozen tibial allograft was implanted and fixed with a locked nail for 6 months. There was no postoperative immobilization. Group I consisted of eight sheep with non-perforated allografts, whereas Group II was comprised of 10 sheep with perforated allografts. Union was evaluated radiographically, whereas the central part of the allograft had a densitometric evaluation. Creeping substitution was assessed on microradiographs from cross-sections of the central 3 cm of graft by measurement of porosity and percentage of new and old bone area within the confines of the graft. The width of periosteal and endosteal callus also was determined. There was no statistical difference between both groups for the union score and bone density. However, the cortical bone graft porosity and the amount of new bone within the cortical bone differed significantly between the perforated allografts and the non-perforated ones. Periosteal callus was similar in both groups, whereas endosteal callus was significantly more wide and extended in the perforated allografts. Perforation of a cortical bone substantially improved the amount of newly formed bone by the host when compared with a non-perforated bone. The creation of channels seemed to increase the interface between living soft tissues of the host and the allografted bone with a resulting enhanced incorporation.

Animals↗