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Xi Chen

Publications and source records attributed to Xi Chen.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Non-coding RNA 7SK drives tumor resistance by coupling local oncogenic activation with global transcriptional repression.

The conserved non-coding RNA 7SK is a well-established global transcriptional repressor, yet its context-specific functions in cancer and therapy resistance remain paradoxical. Here, we resolve this paradox by uncovering a dual-axis mechanism through which 7SK drives colorectal cancer (CRC) resistance. By integrating single-cell multi-omics with functional assays, we demonstrate that 7SK not only selectively activates the JUN transcriptional network to fuel tumor proliferation but also reduces global transcriptional entropy to stabilize an immunosuppressive microenvironment and promote immune escape. This "local activation-global suppression" paradigm is conserved across multiple cancer types, positioning 7SK as a potential pan-cancer therapeutic target. Our findings reveal 7SK as a dynamic modulator that balances oncogene-specific transcription with global transcriptional suppression across cancers, providing a new framework for understanding and targeting ncRNA-mediated resistance.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Genome-Wide Identification of the Soybean GH5 Gene Family and Functional Analysis of GmGH5-22 in Salt Tolerance.

Plant GH5 family genes function in both cell wall biosynthesis and stress responses. However, comprehensive studies on GH5 genes in the soybean remain limited. Here, we identified 28 GmGH5 genes from the soybean genome. Phylogenetic analysis assigned these genes to three subfamilies (I-III), with no representatives in subfamily IV. The GmGH5 family harbors 15 conserved motifs, which are largely similar within subfamilies but differ across subfamilies. Additionally, exon-intron structures (2-7 introns) exhibit clade-specific patterns, with members within the same clade sharing similar intron numbers and lengths, whereas distinct clades show some variation. The promoter regions of GmGH5 genes contained various cis-acting regulatory elements associated with stress responses and developmental processes. Transcriptome-based expression profiling revealed distinct tissue-specific expression patterns of GmGH5 genes. RT-qPCR further confirmed their differential expression under salt, alkaline, cold, and drought stresses, especially a significant increase in GmGH5-22 expression under salt stress (approximately 22-fold at 6 h, **** p < 0.0001). Furthermore, GmGH5-22 was highly expressed in roots, and transient expression in tobacco leaves showed its peripheral localization, which aligns with its predicted extracellular localization, suggesting that GmGH5-22 is highly likely localized to the cell wall. Overexpression of GmGH5-22 in soybean hairy roots significantly improved tolerance to salt stress. These findings establish a foundation for functional characterization of GmGH5 genes and provide viable targets for molecular breeding to enhance salt tolerance in soybeans.

GH5 family↗
PubMed2026

Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveillance and ORF5-Based Molecular Epidemiology of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Anhui Province, China, 2019-2024.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) remains a major threat to swine production, and its circulation after the African swine fever outbreak requires continued surveillance. This study investigated the temporal, regional, and genetic characteristics of PRRSV in Anhui Province from September 2019 to November 2024. Ten rounds of repeated cross-sectional surveillance were conducted at 147 slaughterhouses and 21 rendering plants. Tissue samples were collected by random, cluster, or risk-based sampling, pooled in groups of five, and tested by RT-qPCR. Representative positive samples with Ct values < 25 underwent ORF5 amplification, Sanger sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. A total of 994 site visits yielded 18,733 tissue samples. No positive samples were detected in autumn 2020 or spring 2021, whereas PRRSV was detected again from autumn 2021 and subsequently fluctuated. The highest site-level positivity was 41.18% in autumn 2023, and the highest estimated individual-level positivity was 4.66% in spring 2023. Regional differences were statistically significant, with the highest site-level positivity in northern Anhui, and pooled-sample positivity was higher in rendering plants than in slaughterhouses. All 24 ORF5 sequences belonged to PRRSV-2 and mainly clustered with NADC30-like, NADC34-like, or MLV/classical strains. These findings demonstrate temporal fluctuations and lineage coexistence, supporting continued multisource surveillance and broader genomic and antigenic evaluation.

NADC30-like↗
PubMed2026

PRRSV suppresses FTO-dependent m6A demethylation to reprogram STAT signaling and innate immunity.

RNA viruses have evolved diverse strategies to evade host interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG) defenses; however, how they exploit host epitranscriptomic regulation remains poorly understood. Here, we identify an immune-evasion mechanism in which porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) targets the m6A demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) to suppress antiviral signaling. Mechanistically, the viral endoribonuclease nsp11 inhibits STAT5-dependent transcription through the key residues Q96 and S104, thereby reducing FTO expression. Loss of FTO increases m6A modification of STAT2 and STAT3 transcripts, impairing their translation and phosphorylation, thereby attenuating ISG responses. Reduced STAT3 activity further dampens STAT5 signaling, establishing a feed-forward circuit that amplifies suppression of antiviral immunity. Functionally, disruption of this regulatory region (Q96A and S104A) attenuates viral pathogenicity in vivo and restores ISG induction. These mutations also reduce infection-associated inflammatory responses and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Together, these findings define a nsp11-STAT5-FTO-STAT2/3 axis that enables PRRSV to reprogram host epitranscriptomic control of innate immunity. Our work reveals a mechanism of epitranscriptomic hijacking and identifies FTO as a key host factor exploited by RNA viruses, highlighting m6A regulation as a potential target for antiviral intervention.IMPORTANCEViruses must overcome host innate immune defenses to establish infection; however, the mechanisms by which they manipulate host RNA regulation remain incompletely understood. In this study, we show that porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) suppresses interferon responses by targeting the host m6A demethylase FTO through its endoribonuclease nsp11. This process involves the inhibition of STAT5 phosphorylation, which reduces FTO expression and increases m6A modification of key immune regulators, including STAT2 and STAT3, thereby impairing their activation. Disruption of this pathway attenuates viral pathogenicity in vivo and restores antiviral signaling. These results demonstrate that PRRSV can reprogram host epitranscriptomic regulation to modulate innate immunity and suggest that m6A-related pathways may be potential targets for antiviral intervention.

Immunity, Innate↗
PubMed2026

Candidate biomarkers for early Giardia duodenalis infection revealed by time-resolved secretome proteomics.

Giardia duodenalis is a zoonotic protozoan parasite that causes giardiasis in humans and other mammals. Early diagnosis remains challenging because current diagnostic methods, including microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), primarily detect established infections. Consequently, a critical diagnostic gap exists during the early stage of infection within the first 2-48&#xa0;h following exposure. To address this limitation, we characterized the proteins released by in vitro-cultured G. duodenalis trophozoites under serum-free conditions and evaluated their potential as early diagnostic biomarkers. Proteomic analysis of culture supernatants collected during early trophozoite incubation identified 31,773 peptides corresponding to 2504 quantifiable proteins. Temporal profiling showed distinct secretion patterns, including proteins that peaked during the early stage, progressively accumulated over time, or remained persistently abundant throughout the incubation period. Based on their secretion characteristics and predicted immunogenic properties, five candidate biomarkers were selected for further evaluation. Polyclonal antibodies raised against selected candidates successfully detected the corresponding proteins in serum-free culture supernatants, providing preliminary evidence for their potential utility as early-stage diagnostic targets. These findings identify stage-associated candidate proteins that may serve as a resource for future early giardiasis diagnostic development, provide a valuable resource for investigating host-parasite interactions, and establish a foundation for future diagnostic assay development. However, further validation in clinical and biological samples is required to confirm their diagnostic applicability. SIGNIFICANCE: Giardiasis, caused by Giardia duodenalis, is a major diarrheal disease worldwide. Although enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) provide rapid detection, their diagnostic utility is limited by the lack of biomarkers capable of identifying infection during its earliest stages, creating a critical gap in the detection of active infection within 2-48&#xa0;h following exposure. Using data-independent acquisition proteomics, this study provides a time-resolved characterization of proteins released by G. duodenalis trophozoites into serum-free culture supernatants. Our findings reveal temporal secretion dynamics of protein secretion and identify candidate biomarkers with potential utility for the development of early-stage diagnostic assays pending rigorous biological and clinical validation. In addition, this proteomic resource provides a foundation for investigating host-parasite interactions and may facilitate the development of future point-of-care diagnostic strategies.

Giardiasis↗
PubMed2026

The AAA+ chaperone ClpB contributes to stress tolerance and pathogenesis in Mycoplasma bovis.

ClpB, an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone belonging to the Hsp100/Clp subfamily of AAA+ ATPases, plays a crucial role in protein disaggregation, thereby enhancing bacterial survival under stress conditions. Despite its well-conserved function in prokaryotes, the specific contributions of ClpB to the pathogenesis of the ruminant pathogen Mycoplasma bovis remain largely unexplored. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized a ClpB homolog in M. bovis. Biochemical assays confirmed that the recombinant ClpB protein exhibits intrinsic ATPase activity and, in cooperation with the DnaK chaperone system, efficiently mediates protein disaggregation in vitro. Through genome-wide transposon mutagenesis of the M. bovis HB0801 strain, we generated ClpB-deficient mutants that maintained normal growth kinetics and morphology at 37&#xa0;&#xb0;C but exhibited significant growth defects under thermal and oxidative stress conditions. Phenotypic analysis demonstrated that ClpB disruption attenuated key virulence traits, including impaired adhesion to host cells, marked reduction in biofilm formation, diminished pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1&#x3b2;, IL-6, TNF-&#x3b1;) expression in BoMac cells. Furthermore, the reduced virulence of the ClpB mutant was investigated by DIA proteomic analyses, which revealed that the ClpB mutant strain altered distinct protein expression patterns related to proteostasis, including phosphotransferase system, serine-type peptidase activity, serine hydrolase activity, and chaperone-mediated protein folding that contribute to the stress response and virulence. These findings collectively demonstrate that ClpB serves as a multifunctional virulence determinant in M. bovis, orchestrating stress adaptation, host-pathogen interactions, and pathogenic potential through modulation of both protein quality control systems and virulence-associated pathways.

Mycoplasma bovis↗
PubMed2026

Pilea: profiling bacterial growth dynamics from metagenomes with sketching.

BACKGROUND: Quantifying bacteria's growth rates is essential for understanding their ecological roles and for building predictive models in environmental and clinical settings. Peak-to-trough ratios (PTRs) derived from shotgun metagenomes offer a culture-independent proxy for in situ growth rates of bacterial species, yet their reliable computation remains challenging. RESULTS: We introduce Pilea&#xa0;( https://github.com/xinehc/pilea ), an alignment-free, sketching-based method that incorporates statistical models for robust PTR estimation. Pilea achieves speed improvements over existing methods while also enhancing accuracy, as demonstrated on both simulated and real datasets. CONCLUSIONS: By scaling efficiently to comprehensive reference collections such as the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB), Pilea enables large-scale analyses of bacterial growth dynamics across biomes, unlocking new insights for ecological research. Video Abstract.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2026

Positive feedback loop between RAF12 and ABI5 reinforces ABA-mediated suppression of Arabidopsis seed germination.

ABA-INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) is a key transcriptional regulator mediating abscisic acid (ABA)-induced suppression of seed germination. However, the downstream regulatory network through which ABI5 exerts its function remains incompletely understood. Here, by integrating ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses, we identify RAF12, a member of the B2 Raf-like kinase subfamily, as a direct transcriptional target of ABI5. ABI5 binds to the RAF12 promoter and activates its expression. Loss-of-function raf12 mutants exhibit reduced sensitivity to ABA during seed germination, suggesting a negative regulatory role for RAF12 in this process. Conversely, RAF12 interacts with and phosphorylates ABI5, thereby enhancing its transcriptional activity. Further analysis showed that RAF12 regulates its own kinase activity through autophosphorylation. Mutations at its phosphorylation sites significantly weaken its ability to enhance ABI5's transcriptional activity. Together, these findings uncover a positive feedback loop wherein ABI5 transcriptionally activates RAF12, which in turn reinforces ABI5 activity through phosphorylation. This module may function in parallel with the canonical SnRK2s-ABI5-mediated ABA signaling cascade, offering new mechanistic insights into the fine-tuning of ABA responses during seed germination.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed2025

Approach to the Patient With Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disorder in which patients develop multiple endocrine tumors simultaneously. Among these, primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common and often the earliest manifestation. All patients with MEN1 and hypercalcemia should have surgery, with most patients requiring surgical treatment before the age of 50 years. The timing of parathyroid surgery mainly depends on hypercalcemia and the presence of renal or skeletal complications. The goals of treatment are to correct hypercalcemia, prevent target organ damage, and minimize the risk of postoperative hypoparathyroidism as much as possible. Currently, the most widely recommended surgical approach is subtotal parathyroidectomy via the cervical approach (removal of 3 or 3.5 glands). With advances in imaging technology, patients with clearly localized lesions-particularly younger patients-may be candidates for individualized unilateral resection (ie, removal of both glands on the affected side). In addition, recurrent hypercalcemia after surgery is relatively common in patients with MEN1. The management of the remaining glands remains challenging, such patients usually need reoperation, calcimimetic therapy, or clinical observation. For patients requiring repeated parathyroid surgeries, in addition to searching for multifocal lesions, the possibility of ectopic parathyroid glands should also be taken into account. Ectopic parathyroid adenoma, caused by abnormal embryonic migration, complicates surgery in both sporadic and MEN1-related primary hyperparathyroidism. However, in MEN1, their higher frequency and multiglandular distribution make localization even more challenging, often leading to incomplete resection and recurrence.

Humans↗
PubMed2025

COL5A1 in the tumor microenvironment predicts the prognosis of head and neck cancer.

ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the significance of tumor microenvironment (TME)-related genes and signal transduction pathways in head and neck cancer (HNC).MethodsGene expression and clinical data of HNC patients were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened through a multi-step filtration approach to obtain candidate predictors. The biological role of COL5A1 in HNC was verified through rigorous bioinformatic analysis, experimental validation using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis from HNC samples, and IHC data from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database.ResultsCOL5A1 was significantly upregulated in HNC tissues and cell lines. High COL5A1 expression was significantly associated with advanced tumor grade (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;.05) and shorter survival (TCGA: P&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001; GSE42743: P&#x2009;=&#x2009;.004). COL5A1 was an independent prognostic indicator (univariate analysis: HR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.324, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;.001; Multivariate analysis: HR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.326, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;.005). It was enriched in pathways related to tumor invasion and immune responses, and its expression was associated with decreased levels of CD8+ T cells and increased levels of macrophages and neutrophils. Spatial distribution analysis revealed higher expression at the tumor's leading edge (vs. tumor core: P&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001). COL5A1 expression is associated with tumor stage, with more pronounced expression in advanced-stage tumors.ConclusionCOL5A1 represented a novel potential prognostic indicator and therapeutic target in an HNC database sample, as its expression is closely linked to tumor progression, immune cell infiltration, and adverse clinical outcomes. These findings, primarily derived from squamous cell carcinoma-dominated cohorts, warrant further functional validation.

Humans↗
PubMed2025

Innate immune molecular landscape following controlled human influenza virus infection.

Viral infections can induce prolonged changes in innate immunity. Here, we use blood samples from a human influenza H3N2 challenge study (NCT03883113) to perform comprehensive multi-omics analyses. We detect remodeling of immune programs in circulating innate immune cells that persist after resolution of the infection. We find changes associated with suppressed inflammation, including decreased cytokine and AP-1 gene expression as well as decreased accessibility at AP-1 targets and interleukin-related gene promoter regions. We also find decreased histone deacetylase gene expression, increased MAP kinase gene expression, and increased accessibility at interferon-related gene promoter regions. Genes involved in inflammation and methylation remodeling show modulation of gene-chromatin site regulatory circuit activity. These results reveal a coordinated rewiring of the molecular landscape in innate immune cells induced by mild influenza virus infection.

Humans↗
PubMed2025

Chromosome-level genome assembly of the ornamental plant Alcea rosea.

Alcea rosea, a member of the Malvaceae family, is celebrated for its rich floral palette and global horticultural significance. Here, we present a high-quality reference genome for A. rosea, achieving a genome assembly size of 1.01 Gbp, with a Contig N50 length of 36.61 Mbp. The genome sequence was successfully mapped to 21 chromosomes, and the scaffold N50 length reached 52.57 Mbp, with a scaffold genome completeness of 99.6%. A total of 565.84 Mbp (comprising 56% of the genome) of repetitive sequences were identified, with transposable elements being predominant, particularly long terminal repeat (LTR) elements, which accounted for 48.44% of the genome. 51,436 genes were annotated. Among these predicted genes, the average gene length and coding sequence (CDS) length were 2739.92&#x2009;bp and 1242.54&#x2009;bp, respectively.

Genome, Plant↗
PubMed2025

Genomic characteristics and prognostic correlations in Chinese multiple myeloma patients.

BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the proliferation of abnormal clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. The heterogeneity in Chinese MM populations remains underexplored. METHODS: We conducted whole-exome sequencing (WES) on 241 tumor samples, complemented by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on 131 samples from 212 Chinese MM patients. RESULTS: We identified a novel mutational signature and analyzed molecular differences between newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) and relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) patients. NFKBIA mutations were notably more frequent in NDMM patients compared to the MMRF-COMMPASS cohort (4/50 vs 22/937, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.048), with additional recurrent mutations in several genes like TTN, IGLL5 and SYNE1. In RRMM patients, UBR5 mutations were more prevalent (4/24 vs 0/50, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.01), alongside frequent mutations in OBSCN, CACNA1H, and HSPG2. Clonal evolution was assessed through multiple time points and locations, identifying genes potentially linked to circulating plasma cell formation. Cox regression analysis revealed that age and mutations in OBSCN and RB1 were significant predictors of progression-free survival (PFS) in NDMM patients. Additionally, albumin, &#x3b2;2-microglobulin, and RB1 mutations were correlated with overall survival (OS). CONCLUSIONS: In summary, we characterized the genomic landscape of MM in diverse Chinese populations, confirmed clonal evolution, and identified prognostic genes.

Adult↗
PubMed2025

LIVE-SMART: A sequential, multiple assignment randomized trial to reduce falls in cirrhosis.

INTRODUCTION: Falls are a major threat to the well-being of patients with cirrhosis. We are performing a clinical trial to determine whether lactulose, TeleTai-Chi, or their combination will reduce falls in HE and improve health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among patients with cirrhosis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension without HE will be enrolled in 3 US states and followed participants for 24 weeks. In stage 1 (12&#xa0;wk), participants will be randomized to receive either lactulose therapy or enhanced usual care. In stage 2 (12&#xa0;wk), participants will be randomized to either TeleTai-Chi or usual care. The primary outcome is a hierarchical composite: Injurious falls, noninjurious falls, incident HE, and death/transplantation. Secondary outcomes include cognitive function, days-alive and out-of-hospital, and HRQOL. After completion of the interventions, participants will be followed for 48 weeks for health and financial outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Our study has a central institutional review board with individual site IRB review. Dissemination includes the publication of study findings and patient-focused educational webinars.

Female↗
PubMed2025

Modular Photoswitchable Molecular Glues for Chemo-Optogenetic Control of Protein Function in Living Cells.

Optogenetic systems using photosensitive proteins and chemically induced dimerization/proximity (CID/CIP) approaches enabled by chemical dimerizers (also termed molecular glues), are powerful tools to elucidate the dynamics of biological systems and to dissect complex biological regulatory networks. Here, we report a versatile chemo-optogenetic system using modular, photoswitchable molecular glues (sMGs) that can undergo repeated cycles of optical control to switch protein function on and off. We use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to rationally design the sMGs and further expand their scope by incorporating different photoswitches, resulting in sMGs with customizable properties. We demonstrate that this system can be used to reversibly control protein localization, organelle positioning, protein-fragment complementation as well as posttranslational protein levels by light with high spatiotemporal precision. This system enables sophisticated optical manipulation of cellular processes and thus opens up a new avenue for chemo-optogenetics.

Optogenetics↗
PubMed2025

ODR1, the key seed dormancy and germination regulator, promotes seed Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis via interaction with TTG1 and modulation of MBW complex activity.

Seed dormancy and germination are crucial for both plant survival and reproduction and for crop sowing and harvesting. Proanthocyanidins (PAs), one of the most abundant seed metabolites, play a role in enhancing dormancy and inhibiting germination. Multiple regulatory factors involved in PAs biosynthesis can alter seed dormancy or germination capacity. However, whether the dormancy or germination factors reciprocally influence the PAs biosynthesis is unclear. Here, we report that ODR1, a seed dormancy and germination key factor and a transcriptional (co-) repressor, can regulate seed PAs biosynthesis and act as a transcriptional co-activator. The odr1 mutant shows lighter seed coat color, decreased PAs contents, and reduced expression of PAs biosynthesis genes, which are restored in the ODR1 complementary lines. ODR1 interacts with TTG1 and forms a complex with TTG1/TT2/TT8 (three MBW complex components), enhancing their activation on promoters of PAs biosynthesis genes like DFR and ANS. Overexpressing TTG1 in the odr1-2 mutant rescues or even reverses PA-related phenotypes of odr1-2, confirming that ODR1-mediated regulation of PAs biosynthesis is dependent on TTG1. Moreover, three homologous copies of ODR1 in rapeseed were identified, and simultaneous knockout of them reduces the PAs contents. These results revealed the previously uncharacterized functions of ODR1 in PAs biosynthesis, suggested its conservation between Arabidopsis and rapeseed, and provided important gene resources for rapeseed variety improvement.

Proanthocyanidins↗
PubMed2025

A six-repeat PPR protein WPR directly binds target RNAs and coordinates chloroplast RNA processing via dual recruitment of MORF1, MORF8b, and CAF2 proteins in rice.

Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are key regulators of organelle RNA metabolism in plants, yet their precise mechanisms in chloroplast RNA processing remain unclear. Here, we identify WPR, a unique P-type PPR protein in rice (Oryza sativa L.), as a critical factor in chloroplast RNA splicing and editing. A ~112-kb chromosomal inversion upstream of WPR causes an albino panicle rachis phenotype (wpr mutant), while complete loss of WPR function leads to seedling lethality. WPR deficiency disrupts the splicing of multiple group II introns (atpF, ndhA, ndhB, petB, rpl2, and rps12) and impairs RNA editing in transcripts such as ndhA, ndhB, ndhG, rps14, and ycf3. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) data confirm that WPR directly binds to precursor mRNAs of atpF, ndhA, petB, rpl2, and rps12. Strikingly, WPR interacts with both RNA editing factors (MORF1, MORF8b) and the splicing factor CAF2, but not with other PPR proteins targeting the same transcripts. Unlike most PPR proteins, WPR contains only six PPR repeats, which is the fewest among all functionally characterized rice PPR proteins. With few informative repeats, WPR likely possesses a broad, low-specificity RNA-binding activity. Moreover, WPR may act on chloroplast RNA maturation by recruiting MORFs and CAF2 rather than other PPR proteins, highlighting a novel regulatory mode in which P-type PPR protein may act as an RNA-binding scaffold to integrate diverse RNA-processing machineries. This study advances the understanding of PPR protein diversity and provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of chloroplast RNA processing in rice.

Oryza↗