Cardiobacterium valvarum endocarditis.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
Xiang Han
Publications and source records attributed to Xiang Han.
[Epidemiological data of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Yanqing County in Beijing].
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiological characteristic and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the rural area of Beijing. METHODS: The data of 1,624 people aged more than 40 in 5 villages in Yanqing County in Beijing were collected. The habitation condition, life and cooking habit, smoking history, personal history and family history were asked, and their physical examinations and lung function tests were conducted. RESULTS: The prevalence of COPD was 9.11% in this area, 15.05% in males and 3.76% in females. There were significant differences in sex, age, smoking history, family history, frequent cough before age 14 and body index between the COPD and non-COPD groups. The prevalence of corpulmonale was 1.66% in this area. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of COPD was high in this area and related with sex, age, smoking history, family history, frequent cough before age 14 and low body index. Other factors such as environment, working exposure need to be studied in the future. COPD is a major public health problem, which should claim more attention.
Adult↗
[Characteristics of non-symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients].
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of non-symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in a rural area in Beijing. METHODS: The data of 1,624 people aged more than 40 in 5 villages in Yanqing county in Beijing were collected. Information of medical history and symptom were obtained, and physical examination and lung function test were performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of COPD was 9.1% (148/1 624) in this area. In these 148 patients, 62 (42%) were non-symptomatic and 86 (58%) were symptomatic, the prevalence of non-symptomatic COPD being 3.8% (62/1 624). There was no statistical difference in the sex, age, occupation, marriage status, education level and smoking index between the symptomatic and the non-symptomatic groups (all P > 0.05). The forced expired volume in one second (FEV(1)) and FEV(1)% predicted were lower in the symptomatic group [(1.3 +/- 0.7) L, (61 +/- 23)%] than those in the non-symptomatic group [(1.5 +/- 0.6) L, (70 +/- 22)%; all P < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of COPD was high in this area with a high percentage of non-symptomatic patients. The COPD prevalence might be underestimated due to the symptom free patients.
Adult↗
[Effects of standardized three-stage rehabilitation on recovery of neurological function in stroke patients with hemiplegia].
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of standardized three stages' rehabilitation on the neurological function in stroke patients with hemiplegia. METHODS: All 52 patients firstly are brought into two blocks: primary cerebral infarction and primary cerebral hemorrhage then are divided into treated group and controlled group randomly. Patients in the treated group are given Standardized Three Stages' Rehabilitation, while those in the controlled group are only given normal internal medicine treatments that are the same as the treated group but without Standardized Three Stages' Rehabilitation. All patients would be assessed with the scale of Clinical Neurological Function Defects (CNFD) at the entering time, the end of 1st month, 3rd month and 6th month respectively after stroke. RESULTS: The scores of the treated group are lower than those of the controlled group (P < 0.001) at every stage, the margins between every stage's scores in the treated group are greater than those in the controlled group (P < 0.001). The scores of the treated group's patients are about 51%, 34%, 18% and 8% of total scores at the entering time, the end of 1st month, 3rd month and 6th month after stroke differently, but that of the controlled group are about 58%, 54%, 42% and 37% of total scores differently. The margins between the scores of entering time and that of the end of 1st month, 3rd month and 6th month in the treated group are 17%, 33% and 43% of total scores respectively, but that of the controlled group are about 5%, 16% and 21% of total scores differently. CONCLUSION: Standardized three stages' rehabilitation could promote stroke patients' motor function of every stage obviously.
Adult↗
[Study of regional cerebral blood flow around hematoma in acute intracerebral hemorrhage by xenon-CT].
OBJECTIVE: To study the change of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) around hematoma in acute intracerebral hemorrhage. METHODS: Xenon-CT was performed on 5 patients of basal ganglia hemorrhage with the hematoma volume less than 30 ml, 3 males and 2 females, aged 56.8 +/- 5.6. within 36 hours of the onset and 13 days after to measure the rCBF was measured by 27 pixel rings respectively in the core of hematoma, edema region around the hematoma and compared with rCBF in the uninvolved hemisphere. RESULTS: (1) all the 5 patients had a history of hypertension, the mean intracerebral hemorrhage volume was 13 ml +/- 7 ml (6.4 approximately 23.7 ml). The first examination was conducted 23 h +/- 6 h (19 approximately 34 h) after the onset and the second examination was conducted 13.0 d +/- 0.7 d (12 approximately 14 d) after the onset. (2) Within 36 hours of the onset, the mean rCBF in the core of hematoma was 15 ml.100 g(-1).min(-1) +/- 8 ml.100 g(-1).min(-1), and the mean rCBF in edema region around the hematoma was 30 ml.100 g(-1).min(-1) +/- 8 ml.100 g(-1).min(-1). Thirteen days after the onset the mean rCBF in the core of hematoma was 9 ml.100 g(-1).min(-1) +/- 4 ml.100 g(-1).min(-1), significantly reduced in comparison with that measured in the first examination (P = 0.014), and the mean rCBF in the edema region around the hematoma was 23 ml.100 g(-1).min(-1) +/- 13 ml.100 g(-1).min(-1), reduced in comparison with those measured in the first examination too, however, not significantly (P = 0.055). The rCBF reduction was more significant in the edema region adjacent to the hematoma (P = 0.004), but not in the distant edema region. During the first examination the rCBF in the edema region around the hematoma was lower than the enantiomorph rCBF by 20.9%. Thirteen days after, the rCBF in the edema region around the hematoma was lower than the enantiomorph rCBF by 46.3%, significantly greater than the reduction during the first examination (P = 0.324). There was no difference between the values of enantiomorph rCBF during the first and second examinations (P = 0.038). CONCLUSION: There exists reduced perihematoma rCBF after intracerebral hemorrhage by xenon-CT examination, this phenomenon lasts 14 days and have the tendency of further reduced.
Acute Disease↗
[Application of diffusion-weighted and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in definition of the ischemic penumbra in hyperacute cerebral infarction].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion imaging (PI) in definition of the ischemic penumbra in hyperacute cerebral infarction. METHODS: (1) Animal study: Fifty-five SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 rats. Nylon monofilament was inserted into the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) and immediately pulled out in 10 rats as controls (sham operation group or group A). The MCA of 40 rats was occluded by nylon monofilament for 30 minutes (group B), 60 minutes (group C), 180 minutes (group D), and 360 minutes (group E). Then all rats were examined by T(1)WI, T(2)WI, DWI, and PI. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean transit time (MTT) topographical maps were archived by the Workstation (GE SUN ADW3.0). The relative values of ADC, rCBV, rCBF, and MTT (ratios between the values of the occluded side and the opposite side) were calculated. The rats were killed and the cerebral infarction areas were stained by TTC (C(19)H(15)N(4)CI) and observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy. The results of microscopic examination were compared with the DWI results. (2) Clinical study: Forty-three patients, 24 males and 19 females,aged 68 years on average with acute stroke symptoms underwent MRI examination within 6 hours of symptom onset. T(1)WI, T(2)WI, DWI and PI were performed on all patients at the first MRI examination and T(2)WI was performed for follow up. The relevant parameters, including ADC, rCBV, rCBF and MTT were computed. The values of ADC, rCBV, rCBF and MTT within the lesions were compared to those at the normal sides and the ratio was calculated. The lesion volumes were measured in ADC map (as vDWI), MTT map (as vPI) and follow-up T(2)WI (as vCI). The differences between vDWI and vPI, and between vDWI and vCI were compared. RESULTS: (1) Animal study: In the control group DWI and PI showed no change in the signal intensity and no pathological change was found. Hyper-intensity signal was found in the T(2)WI in groups D and E. No abnormal signal was found in the T(1)WI in all groups. Abnormal signals were found in the MCA-supplying region in the DWI and PI of groups B, C, D, and E. The size of hyper-intensity signal in DWI along with the extension of occlusion time. TTC staining showed that the volume of unstained area was similar to that of hyper-intensity signal area in DWI image (t test, P > 0.05). PI showed a decrease of cerebral perfusion in the MCA-supplying region along with the extension of occlusion time. However, the size enlargement of occluded region was not as severe as shown by DWI along with the extension of occlusion time. The size of region with abnormal perfusion shown by PI was larger than that shown by DWI in groups B, C, and D. PI/DWI mismatch region, indicating the existence of ischemic penumbra zone, became gradually smaller along with the extension of occlusion time and almost disappeared 360 minutes after MCA occlusion. No significant change was found in the PI/DWI mismatch region by light microscope but slight swelling of mitochondrion and Golgi apparatus in neurons were observed by electron microscope. (2) Clinical study: The cases of 38 of the 43 patients were diagnosed as cerebral infarction by clinical and MRI follow-up examinations. The first MRI examination of these 38 cases showed no abnormal signal in T(1)WI and hyper-intensity signal in T(2)WI of 4 cases. The vPI was larger than vDWI in 31 cases and the vPI was equal to or smaller than the vDWI in 7 cases. Follow-up examination showed that vCI was larger than vDWI in 28 cases and vCI almost equaled to vDWI in 10 cases. Spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the volume of ischemic penumbra zone and that of infarction (r = 0.689, P < 0.001) which suggests that the volume change of ischemic penumbra zone influences the size of final infarction directly. CONCLUSION: Combination of DWI and PI clearly defines the ischemic penumbra in hyperacute stroke patient, thus laying, thus laying a basis for therapeutic intervention plan for stroke patients.
Acute Disease↗