Biomedical subjects

Xiang-Yu Zhao

Publications and source records attributed to Xiang-Yu Zhao.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2026

Deciphering CD8+ T cell exhaustion in human cancers through single-cell and spatial transcriptomics.

Exhausted CD8+ T cells (Tex) within the tumor microenvironment (TME) represents a critical barrier limiting anti-tumor immune responses. Tex cells are characterized by upregulated inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors, reduced cytotoxicity, and functional heterogeneity. Their genomic features and regulatory networks remain poorly defined, and only a minority of patients respond to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), through high-resolution transcriptomic profiling, has revealed diverse Tex subpopulations, identified subpopulation-specific marker genes and regulatory pathways. Spatial transcriptomics has further mapped the spatial distribution of Tex and their interaction networks with immune cells, tumor cells, and stromal cells, elucidating the impact of spatial heterogeneity on Tex functionality. Current studies indicate that the exhausted state of Tex is dynamic and modifiable, with functional differences among subpopulations closely associated with tumor progression and therapeutic response. However, the genomic characteristics, epigenetic regulation, and spatial interaction mechanisms of Tex require further exploration. This review summarizes recent advances in high-resolution omics technologies for precisely dissecting Tex heterogeneity, functional features, and interactions with other cells. It emphasizes the central value of optimizing Tex-targeted tumor immunotherapy strategies, providing theoretical foundations and directional guidance for developing more effective anti-tumor immunotherapies.

Humans↗

PubMed2006

[Studies on the chemical constituents of Rhodiola dumulosa (II)].

The rhizoma samples of Rhodiola dumulosa were cut into fragments and extracted by 95% EtOH. This extract was successively extracted with Et2O, EtOAc, n-BuOH. Five compounds were obtained from the EtOAc fraction. The structures were identified as beta-sitosterol glucoside (I), chrysophanol-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (II), rhodionin (III), crenuloside (IV), herbacetin-7-O-(3"-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-L-rhamnoside (V). Chrysophanol-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and crenuloside of compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time, and chrysophanol-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside was obtained from Rhodiola Linn for the first time.

Glucosides↗

PubMed2006

[Effects of rhG-CSF mobilization on immunological properties of grafts from peripheral blood and bone marrow].

This study was aimed to investigate the difference of immunological properties between recombination human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) mobilized peripheral blood grafts (G-PB) and rhG-CSF primed bone marrow grafts (G-BM). The lymphocyte proliferation ability and the quantities of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secreted by T cells were determined by using MTT assays and sandwich ELISA; T cell subgroups, dendritic cells (DC), monocytes and the expression of CD28 costimulatory molecules on T cells were determined by multicolor flow cytometry. The results showed that the absolute numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as DC1 and DC2, the ratios of CD4/CD8 in G-PB were significantly higher than those in G-BM, respectively (P < 0.001). T cell proliferation ability was significantly higher in G-PB than that in G-BM (P < 0.05). The quantities of IFN-gamma and IL-4 secreted by T cells per microliter of G-PB was significantly higher than those of G-BM, the ratios of IL-4/IFN-gamma were significantly lower in G-PB than that in G-BM (P < 0.001). As compared with G-BM, the ratio between DC2 and T-lymphocyte was significantly low in G-PB (P < 0.01), whereas the percentage and overall expression of CD28 on CD4+ and CD8+ cells were significantly high in G-PB (P < 0.05). It is concluded that T cell hyporesponsiveness of G-PB and G-BM induced by rhG-CSF in vivo were confirmed to be different, and the difference of immunological properties between G-PB and G-BM may explain the lower incidence of GVHD and lower relapse after G-BM and G-PB transplantation respectively.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

[Peripheral blood T cell immuno-tolerance in PBSCT donors induced by rhG-CSF in vivo].

The study was aimed to investigate the mechanism of T cell tolerance in human peripheral blood induced by rhG-CSF in vivo. Dendritic cell (DC) subsets, CD8(+)CD28(-) T suppressor cells and the expression of CD28 on T cells of peripheral blood before and after mobilization were analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry. The results showed that after mobilization by rhG-CSF in vivo, the relative counts of CD3(+)CD28(+) cells increased significantly (P < 0.01), and so did the CD8(+)CD28(+) cells (P < 0.01). The mean fluorescence intensity of CD28 expression on CD3(+) cells decreased greatly (P < 0.05), but there were no significant changes of the relative fluorescence intensity of CD28 overall expression on T cells (P > 0.05). The percentages of DC2 before mobilization were significantly lower as compared with normal bone marrow (P < 0.01). After using rhG-CSF, the DC2 count was significantly higher in the apheresis graft than in peripheral blood and bone marrow before mobilization (P < 0.01), while the DC1:DC2 ratios were lower (P < 0.01) and there was no significant difference of DC1 before and after mobilization (P > 0.05). The percentages of CD8(+)CD28(-) T suppressor cells increased significantly also after mobilization (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the higher numbers of DC2 and CD8(+)CD28(-) T suppressor cells in peripheral blood grafts may contribute to the ability of tolerance in peripheral blood T cells induced by rhG-CSF in vivo.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

[In vivo effect of rhG-CSF on the CXCR-4 expression of hematopoietic progenitor or stem cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood].

To investigate the effect of in vivo rhG-CSF on the CXCR-4 expression of hematopoietic progenitor or stem cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood, the expressions of CXCR-4 on CD34(+) cells and mononuclear cells of bone marrow and peripheral blood from healthy donor before and after mobilization were detected by three-color fluorescence analysis. The results showed that a significantly higher expression of CXCR4 on CD34(+) cells of bone marrow and mononuclear cells of peripheral blood, as compared to those before mobilization. There were no significant differences of CXCR-4 expression of CD34(+) cells in peripheral blood after mobilization, as compared with steady state bone marrow, and no dynamic change of mononuclear cells expressing CXCR-4 in bone marrow before and after mobilization. Significant positive correlation were found between the percentage of CD34(+) cells in bone marrow before mobilization and that in bone marrow and peripheral blood after mobilization; furthermore, the percentage of CD34(+) cells of bone marrow before mobilization had a positive correlation with both the count of CD34(+) cells per kilogram on the day of collection in bone marrow and peripheral blood after mobilization. It is concluded that the mobilization of hematopoietic cells may be involved in the signaling of SDF-1/CXCR-4 according to the increase of the surface expression of CXCR-4 on CD34(+) cells in bone marrow and on the MNC in peripheral blood after mobilization; meanwhile, the high surface expression of CXCR-4 may contribute to the MNC engraftment, monitoring the percentage of CD34(+) cells in bone marrow before mobilization can be regarded as a predictive factor for mobilization outcome.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

[Comparative study on the treatment effects with rhIL-11 and rhG-CSF in combination or alone on immune function].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of in vivo administration of rhG-CSF and/or rhIL-11 on mice immune system function. METHODS: T cell subgroups, suppressor T cells (CD8+ CD28-, CD4+ CD25+, CD3+ CD4- CD8- T cells), expression of CD28 on T cells, and spleen T cells intracellular IL4/IFN-gamma secretion were determined by multicolor flow cytometry. MTT was used to determine the T cell proliferation capacity and mixed lymphocyte reactions. RESULTS: In vivo administration of cytokines decreased the percentage of lymphocytes (P < 0.05), rhIL-11 and rhG-CSF in combination significantly decreased the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and increased the percentage of CD8+ CD28- suppressor T cells compared to either cytokine alone (P < 0.01). There was no difference in the percentage of CD3+ CD4- CD8- and CD4+ CD25+ suppressor T cells between either of the cytokines. Furthermore, cytokines treatments significantly decreased the capacities of splenic T cells proliferation and the response to alloantigens compared with the PBS treatment (P < 0.05), the combination group being more significantly decreased (P < 0.01). And cytokines treatment significantly decreased the production of IFN-gamma and increased the production of IL-4 compared with the PBS treatment(P < 0.05). The ratio of IFN-gamma/IL-4 were significantly decreased after the combination compared with either of them alone. CONCLUSION: The combination of rhIL-11 and rhG-CSF is potentially synergistic in the induction of immune tolerance by their effects on the proliferation capacity and function of T lymphocytes.

Animals↗