Biomedical subjects

Xiao Xu

Publications and source records attributed to Xiao Xu.

61 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Prophylaxis and treatment of hepatitis B virus reinfection following liver transplantation.

OBJECTIVES: To prevent and early diagnose hepatitis B virus reinfection and recurrent hepatitis B following liver transplantation, and to discuss the further treatment of recurrent hepatitis B. METHODS: Liver transplantation recipients received lamivudine for prophylaxis of HBV reinfection. Virological and biochemical data, serum HBV DNA, and immunohistological staining for HBsAg and HBcAg in liver biopsy specimens were tested in due time. RESULTS: Five patients with hepatitis B virus reinfection and two patients with hepatitis B recurrence were observed after liver transplantation. One patient with recurrent hepatitis B developed chronic severe hepatitis B despite treatment. One patient improved after a series of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatitis B virus reinfection or recurrent hepatitis B following liver transplantation occurs mostly 6-12 months after operation. The diagnosis of hepatitis B recurrence should be taken into account when liver biochemical data becomes poor during this period. The treatment for recurrent hepatitis B after liver transplantation includes increased dosage of lamivudine, application of famciclovir, and other liver protection measures.

2-Aminopurine↗

PubMed2002

Living related liver transplantation for an infant with biliary atresia.

OBJECTIVE: To sum up the preliminary experience in living related liver transplantation (LRLT). METHODS: A 9-month-old male infant with biliary atresia (BA) who had undergone an unsuccessful Kasai operation was defined as a candidate for LRLT. The donor was his 30-year-old mother. Her lateral lobe of the left liver was transplanted into the infant's body as the graft. The left branches of the portal vein, left hepatic artery and left hepatic vein of the graft were end-to-end anastomosed to the portal vein, hepatic artery proper and hepatic vein of the recipient respectively. Biliary drainage was reestablished via Roux-en-Y operation. RESULTS: The donor retained her liver function within 2 weeks after the operation. Steroid and FK506 were prescribed in immunosuppressive therapy for the recipient. The blood bilirubin level of the infant decreased to normal 2 weeks after operation. No acute rejection occurred. Biliary leakage in the early period after the transplantation was controlled by drainage, and E.coli infection was effectively treated with antibiotics. The donor and recipient are in satisfactory condition to the present. CONCLUSION: LRLT is advisable for children with biliary atresia.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Three dimensional finite element stress analysis in various class II cavity design on first maxillary premolar].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the stress influence in different contour of class II cavity with different filling materials on first maxillary premolar. METHODS: The stress distribution in two types and all three contours of class II cavity in maxillary premolar were analyzed by three dimensional finite element. The cavity was respectively filled with amalgam and composite resin; and the vertical and lateral stress force was calculated. RESULTS: In the different contours, the stress of composite restoration by slot design was close to that by dovetail design, and the stress of amalgam restoration by slot design, especially in vertical force, descended respectively at 41%,29% and 27%. CONCLUSION: When class II lesions is only limited in proximal region of the premolar, the filling of composite resin with slot design is recommended.

English Abstract↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Painful diabetic neuropathy: a cross-sectional survey of health state impairment and treatment patterns.

AIMS: To determine the patient burden of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) with respect to pain intensity and impact on patient functioning and to characterize relevant DPN treatment patterns. METHODS: Patients (n=140) with painful DPN identified during an observational survey of neuropathic pain syndromes in six European countries were included in the current analysis. Patients primarily recruited from community-based general practices answered a questionnaire that included pain severity and interference items from the modified Short-Form Brief Pain Inventory, the EuroQol survey, and questions related to productivity and health resource utilization. Physicians provided information on disease duration and current medications prescribed for painful DPN and pain-related comorbidities. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 65.6+/-11.2 years; 58% of the patients were >or=65 years. Duration of painful DPN was >1 year in 74% of patients. The mean Pain Severity Index was 5.0+/-2.0; 57% of patients reported moderate pain and 25% reported severe pain. Patients reported moderate interference with functioning despite 91% of patients reporting use of prescription medications for painful DPN including antiepileptics (56%), standard analgesics (63%), and amitriptyline (26%). Use of prescription medication for concomitant anxiety, depression, or sleep disturbance was reported for 43% of the patients. Disruption in employment was reported by 35% of the patients. Pain severity was significantly associated with reduced health state valuation (P<.001), greater pain interference scores (P<.001), greater employment disruption (P<.05), and more physician visits (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Painful DPN is associated with substantial patient burden resulting from interference with daily functioning, especially in patients with suboptimal pain management.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Insurance coverage and health care use among near-elderly women.

OBJECTIVES: Data on near-elderly (ages 55-64) women's access to and use of health care have been limited. In this study, we sought to examine the status of near-elderly women's health insurance coverage in the United States and how it may influence their use of health care services. METHODS: A nationwide random sample of women aged 55-64 was drawn from the 2002 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. Descriptive statistics were calculated and multivariable regression analyses were performed to quantify the impact of insurance coverage on near-elderly women's use of outpatient services, inpatient services, and prescription medication over a 2-year period. RESULTS: In 2002, 9.4% of near-elderly women in the United States were uninsured and 15.4% had public coverage. Those who had coverage for a particular service were significantly more likely to use that service compared to women without coverage, with odds ratios ranging from 2.0-6.7 for services such as a physician visit, hospital stay, dental visit, and use of prescription medication. Among those who had at least one physician visit, near-elderly women who had some of the cost covered by insurance reported significantly more visits than women without coverage. Likewise, for near-elderly women regularly taking prescription medications, having more extensive coverage significantly increased their likelihood of medication adherence. The frequency of hospitalization was also higher for women who had complete coverage for the cost. CONCLUSIONS: The nature of a near-elderly woman's insurance coverage significantly affects her use of health care services. More attention is needed to improve the health care of near-elderly women with inadequate insurance coverage.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Recombinant murine-activated protein C is neuroprotective in a murine ischemic stroke model.

Recombinant mouse protein C was cloned, expressed, purified, and activated by Protac or thrombin. The anticoagulant activities of mouse and human activated protein C (APC) were compared using mouse and human plasma and the neuroprotective properties of murine APC were studied in an ischemic stroke model. Both human APC and mouse APC prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time in a dose-dependent manner, but mouse APC was sixfold more effective than human APC as an anticoagulant in mouse plasma. Human protein S enhanced prolongation of the APTT clotting time of human plasma by human APC, but not by mouse APC. Hydrolysis of the S-2366 chromogenic substrate by murine APC was essentially identical to human APC. Mouse plasma contains 75 nM protein C. In a murine ischemic stroke model based on middle cerebral artery occlusion, murine APC was highly neuroprotective. The results show that recombinant murine APC is functionally similar to human APC both in vitro and in vivo and that it displays significant species specificity. The results imply that murine APC is notably superior to human APC for studies of murine disease models, including thrombosis and ischemic brain injury.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Patient-reported utilization patterns of fentanyl transdermal system and oxycodone hydrochloride controlled-release among patients with chronic nonmalignant pain.

BACKGROUND: Although use of long-acting opioid analgesics has increased for chronic nonmalignant pain management, little is known about patient-reported utilization patterns. OBJECTIVE: To assess patient-reported utilization patterns of fentanyl transdermal system and oxycodone hydrochloride (HCl) controlled-release among patients with chronic nonmalignant pain and to compare these patterns to standard dose administration guidelines recommended in the manufacturers. prescribing information (PI). METHODS: Cross-sectional, observational, multicenter study of English-speaking patients who were seeking chronic nonmalignant pain management from 6 outpatient pain clinics. The inclusion criteria for the study were (1) diagnosis of chronic nonmalignant pain, (2) prescription for and current use of either transdermal fentanyl or oxycodone HCl controlled-release, and (3) duration of use for either transdermal fentanyl or oxycodone HCl controlled-release of at least 6 weeks. Patients completed either an oxycodone HCl controlled-release or transdermal fentanyl utilization questionnaire. A conversion table was used to standardize opioid analgesic doses from transdermal fentanyl or oxycodone HCl controlled-release to daily oral morphine equivalents. The principal outcome measures were the average interval between oxycodone HCl controlled-release administrations, the number of days the current transdermal fentanyl patch would be worn, and the percentage of oxycodone HCl controlled-release and transdermal fentanyl patients whose administration frequency exceeded the standard recommendation in the manufacturer.s PI (every 12 hours for oxycodone HCl controlled-release or every 72 hours for transdermal fentanyl). Other outcome measures included the number of oxycodone HCl controlled-release tablets per administration, the daily dose of long-acting opioid, the duration of adequate pain relief, and the difference in daily oral morphine equivalents between transdermal fentanyl and oxycodone HCl controlled-release patients, after adjusting in a multivariate regression model for demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 690 patients were enrolled in this study; 437 (63.4%) received oxycodone HCl controlled-release and 253 (36.6%) received transdermal fentanyl. Oxycodone HCl controlled-release patients reported taking a median of 1 tablet 3 times per day or a median of 3 tablets per day. A mean of 1.6 tablets per administration and 4.6 tablets per day were taken. The average interval between administrations of oxycodone HCl controlled-release was 7.8 hours, and the median daily dose was 80.0 mg (mean 155.6 mg). Among oxycodone HCl controlled-release patients, 17.5% had an average interval between administrations of 12 or more hours, whereas 1.9% reported the duration of pain relief as 12 or more hours. Transdermal fentanyl patients reported wearing the patch, on average, for 2.5 days (median 2.5),and 41.2% reported wearing the patch for at least 3 days, whereas 14.1% reported the duration of pain relief as at least 3 days. The median daily dosage strength of transdermal fentanyl was 75.0 mcg/hour. In the multivariate regression analysis, oxycodone HCl controlled-release patients had, on average, roughly 22 mg additional oral morphine equivalents per day relative to transdermal fentanyl patients (not statistically significant); the probability that oxycodone HCl controlled-release patients had higher oral morphine equivalents was 82.6%, which suggests a trend toward higher oral morphine equivalents per day in the oxycodone HCl controlled-release group. CONCLUSION: Transdermal fentanyl and oxycodone HCl controlled-release both appear to be used by patients in a manner that is inconsistent with the standard recommendation in the manufacturers' PI;however, the difference between patient-reported utilization and the PI recommendation is more pronounced with oxycodone HCl controlled-release.

Administration, Cutaneous↗