Biomedical subjects

Xiao-jun Ma

Publications and source records attributed to Xiao-jun Ma.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Clinical outcomes and immune reconstitution in 103 advanced AIDS patients undergoing 12-month highly active antiretroviral therapy.

BACKGROUND: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) produces profound suppression of HIV replication, substantial increase in CD4(+) T cells, and partial reconstitution of the immune system. However, the numbers of subjects were small in previous Chinese studies. This study evaluated the efficacy and side effects of HAART in Chinese advanced AIDS patients. METHODS: One hundred and three antiretroviral drug naive AIDS patients were enrolled in this study and were divided into two groups by their baseline CD4(+) count: < 100 cells/microl or > or = 100 cells/microl. Clinical, virological and immunological outcomes were monitored at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months during the course of treatment with HAART. RESULTS: One patient died and another was lost from the follow-up. For the remaining 101 HIV/AIDS patients at the 12th month during the HAART, the plasma viral load (VL) was reduced to (3.2 +/- 0.7) lg copies/ml, the CD4(+) count increased to (168 +/- 51) cells/microl [among which the naive phenotype (CD45RA(+)CD62L(+)) increased to (49 +/- 27) cells/microl and the memory phenotype (CD45RA(-)) increased to (119 +/- 55) cells/microl], and the percentage of CD4(+)CD28(+) cells increased. At the same time, there was a significant reduction of CD8(+) T cell activation. In the 69 patients with the baseline CD4(+) count < 100 cells/microl, 37 had a VL < 50 copies/ml; while in the 34 patients with the baseline CD4(+) count > or = 100 cells/microl, 25 had a VL < 50 copies/ml, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. The CD4(+) T cell count showed a two-phase increase during HAART and a significant positive correlation was shown between the change of CD4(+) count and plasma VL. Over 12 months of HAART, 10 patients had gastrointestinal side effects, 13 peripheral neuritis, 7 hepatic lesions, 8 hematological side effects, 8 skin rashes, 10 lipodystrophy and 1 renal calculus. CONCLUSIONS: Immune reconstitution as well as the significantly improved clinical outcomes is observed in Chinese advanced AIDS patients after HAART. Side effects are common during HAART and require clinical attention.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed2006

[Characteristics of immunophenotypic alterations in 263 HIV/AIDS patients].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics of immunophenotypic alterations of HIV-infected persons/AIDS patients--people living with AIDS (PLWA). METHODS: The clinical data and anti-coagulated blood samples of 263 treatment naive PLWA and 56 healthy controls were collected. Flow cytometry was used to determine the sets of peripheral lymphocytes: B cell, NK cell, CD4(+) T cell including the functional subset (CD28(+)CD4(+) cell), naïve subset (CD4(+)CD45RA(+)CD62L(+) cell), and memory subset (CD4(+)CD45RA(-)cell) of CD4(+) T cell, CD8(+) T cell including the activated subset (CD8(+)CD38(+) cell). Branch DNA (bDNA) assay was used to detect the plasma viral load. RESULTS: The mean CD4(+) T cell count, naïve CD4(+) T cell percentage, and CD28 expression rate in CD4(+) T cells of the PLWA were 205 (348, 63) x 10(6) cells/L, 18.5 (32.0, 6.5)%, and 86.1 (94.0, 68.3)% respectively, all significantly lower than those of the healthy controls [787 (1058, 615) x 10(6) cells/L, 35.4 (45.5, 30.0)%, and 95.7 (97.6, 91.0)% respectively, all P < 0.01]. The percentage of CD38 expression in CD8(+) T cells of the PLWA was 84.3 (92.7, 69.0)%, significantly higher than that of the controls [42.6 (50.6, 36.1)%, P < 0.01]. In the PLWA the CD4(+) T cell count was positively correlated with its CD28 expression (r = 0.480, P < 0.01), and the percentage of CD38 expression in CD8(+) T cells was positively correlated with eh plasma viral load (r = 0.331, P < 0.01). The PLWA were divided into 3 groups according to the CD4(+) T cell count: Group A with the he CD4(+) T cell count < 200 x 10(6) cells/L, Group B with the CD4(+) T cell count of 200 - 350 x 10(6) cells/L, and Group C with the CD4(+) T cell count > 350 x 10(6) cells/L. In comparison with Groups B and C the plasma viral load, activated CD8(+) T cell subset proportion, and percentage of memory CD4(+) T cells of Group A were all significantly higher, and the naive CD4(+) T cell percentage and CD28 expression rate were both significantly lower (all P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the percentage of memory CD4(+) T cells, CD28 expression, and CD8(+) T cell activated subset proportion between Groups B and C. CONCLUSION: The major immunophenotypic alternations in the PLWA in China include significantly lower counts of CD4(+) T cells and their naive subsets, marked down-regulation of CD28 expression and extremely activated CD8(+) T cells. Distinct features of the immunophenotypic alteration may exist in different disease stages. The CD4(+) T cell count < 200 x 10(6) cells/L may predict more severe immunodeficiency.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed2006

[AFLP fingerprinting of Pinellia ternata and its application].

OBJECTIVE: To obtain more information on DNA fingerprintings and to confirm the genetic relationships of ten wide populations of Pinellia tornata. METHOD: Collect wide-type or cultivated P. tornata from ten major production areas nation-wide as material. Twelve combinations of EcoR I and Mse I primers were used to asses divergence among ten populations. The data were analyzed using unweighted pair-group method, based on arithmetic averages (UPGMA) bootstrap analysis. Cluster analyses were performed by using NTSYSpc software version 2.1. The alkaloid was extracted from P. ternate with chlorolform and determined in UV absorption spectroscop. RESULT: 1,673 bands were applied with 12 combinations. These results of cluster were congruent with differences in total alkloids. CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed a potential application of AFLP fingerprinting for identification of P. ternata.

Alkaloids↗

PubMed2006

[Rate of controlled-release urea pervasion through membrane determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry].

Application of controlled-release nitrogenous fertilizers can improve the efficiency of fertilizers and reduce the environmental pollution. Controlled-release urea (coated urea) is one of the controlled-release nitrogenous fertilizers developed quickly in the recent years. The rate of controlled-release urea pervasion through membrane is the most important index of the capacity of controlled release. There is a maximum absorption at lambda=426 nm with complex in acidic solution, using p-dimethylaminozenzaldehyde as color reagent, and the absorbance exhibits a linear reponses to the urea concentration over the range of 7.5-210 microg x mL(-1). The method for determining the rate of controlled-release urea pervasion through membrane was realized through determining the content of urea in the liquor, the recovery efficiency of the method is 96.1%-103.9%.

English Abstract↗

PubMed2006

[Study on marking method for germplasm evaluation of Pinellia ternata].

OBJECTIVE: Setting a valuable method of Pinellia ternate to provide references for germplasm evaluation of medicinal plant. METHOD: Nine germplasms were collected from seven primary cultivated or wild areas and were planted in field using randomined complete experimental design. Several important value were selected to give a general evaluation with marking. RESULT: In all collected materials, according to integrated mark, the first two exellent germplasm is Anyue 93.1, Yixian 87.5, which showed better characters. CONCLUSION: In the light of standard that whose mark exceeds 80 can be used as good germplasm, Anyue and Yixian materials are recommended.

Alkaloids↗

PubMed2006

[Analysis and quality assessment standard of heavy metals and arsenic in Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii from different localities].

OBJECTIVE: Five heavy metals (Hg, Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr) and arsenic (As) contents in 57 samples of from 19 localities in Sichuan, Qinghai and Gansu of Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii sourcing from two plants Notoperygium incusum and N. forbesii has been analyzed to evaluate the content standard of heavy metal and arsenic for drafting the herbal medicine quality. METHOD: ICP-AES method was applied to determine As, Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr and CAAS method was applied to determine Hg. RESULT: Hg can not be determined through CAAS, and little Pb was determined except in limited N. forbesii samples from certain sites, while the contents of Cu in most samples are higher than 20 mg x kg(-1). As in N. forbesii samples, and Cd in N. incisum samples are higher or approximate the limitation of related standard of medicinal plants and production. Cr varies from different localities, ranging from 0.48 to 8.36 mg x kg(-1) for N. incisum and 1.44-8.03 mg x kg(-1) for N. forbesii. CONCLUSION: Referring to the related standards of medicine and vegetable, the heavy metals and arsenic contents of Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii samples from traditional producing areas are confirmed the propositional standard, i. e., Pb < or = 5.0 mg x kg(-1), Cd < or = 0.3 mg x kg(-1), Hg < or = 0.2 mg x kg(-1), Cu < or = 28.0 mg x kg(-1), As < or = 2.0 mg x kg(-1), and Cr < or = 1.0 mg x kg(-1). Of these five heavy metals, Cu is much over the limitation standard, which suggested that GAP base of Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii must be selected in lower Cu environmental condition in main producing area.

Apiaceae↗

PubMed2006

[The clinical outcome and immune reconstitution in 45 advanced AIDS patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy for 12 months].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and side effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Chinese AIDS patients. METHODS: 45 antiretroviral drug-naive AIDS patients were enrolled and divided into two groups by their baseline CD(4) count < 100/microl or > or = 100/microl. Clinical, virological and immunological outcomes as well as side effects were followed at baseline and at the end of month 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 after receiving HAART. RESULTS: Among the 45 HIV/AIDS patients included, by the end of 12 months of HAART, the plasma viral load (VL) got a mean reduction by 2.8 lg copies/ml, CD(4) count had a mean gain of 187/microl, among which the naive phenotype increased by 68/microl and the memory phenotype by 119/microl. The CD(4)(+)CD(28)(+) T cell percentage went up from (62.5 +/- 25.8)% to (82.6 +/- 15.6)% (P < 0.001); and there was a significant reduction of CD(8)(+) T-cell activation. In the 31 patients with their baseline CD(4) count < 100/microl, 11 had a VL < 50 copies/ml, and 14 had fluctuations in their VL; while in 14 patients with their baseline CD(4) count > or = 100/microl, 10 had a VL < 50 copies/ml and 2 had fluctuations in their VL, respectively, with statistic significance between the two groups. CD(4) count showed a bi-phase increase during HAART and there was significant positive correlation between the change of CD(4) count and plasma VL. Throughout the 12 months of HAART, 39 patients had gastrointestinal side effects, 15 peripheral neuritis, 3 hepatic lesions, 4 hematological side effects and 1 renal calculus. 9 patients had adjustment of their initial therapy because of side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Immune reconstitution as well as significant therapeutic effect was observed in advanced Chinese AIDS patients after HAART. Side effects were common during HAART, so close clinical attention is needed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed2006

[Clinical characteristics of 143 Chinese HIV/AIDS patients].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients in China. METHODS: Totally 143 HIV/AIDS patients who were first diagnosed in Peking Union Medical College Hospital form January 1988 to April 2006 were enrolled in this study. Clinical characteristics were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Among 143 HIV/ AIDS patients, 57 patients had no clinical symptoms and were confirmed by routine examinations; 86 patients had clinical symptoms, including fever (n = 50), weight loss (n = 18), and discomforts involving respiratory system (n = 34), gastrointestinal system (n = 16), and derma and mucosa (n = 17). Opportunistic infections (OIs) such as pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) (n = 27), oropharyngeal candidiasis (n = 16), tuberculosis (n = 15) , and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (n = 9) were also observed in patients whose CD4 + T cell counts were less than 200/mm3. Most CMV infection and cryptococcal meningitis occurred in patients whose CD4 + T cell counts were less than 100/mm3. CD4 + T cell count was negatively correlated with plasma viral load (r = -0.420, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Fever, dyspnea, and weight loss are the most common symptoms in the patients of this study. The respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, derma and mucosa are the most commonly affected areas by OIs, and PCP is the most common OI. The occurrence of OIs corelates with CD4 + T cell count.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed2006

[Virological response of chronic hepatitis C management with peg-interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the virological response of managing chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with peg-interferon alpha-2b (PEG-IFN alpha-2b) and ribavirin. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the virological response of 40 patients with different genotypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection after anti-HCV management. Patients were given different dosages of PEG-IFN alpha-2b and ribavirin based on their weights. The duration of treatment was 48 weeks for patients infected by HCV genotype 1, and was 24 weeks for the others. HCV RNA was tested before treatment, 12 weeks post management, end of treatment, and 24 weeks after treatment stopped. RESULTS: Data from 40 patients were collected. Among them, 24 cases experienced HCV genotype 1 infection, and 16 cases were infected with other genotypes. Between these two groups, the early virological responses were 75.0% (18/24) and 87.5% (14/16), the end-of-treatment virological responses were 80.0% (16/20) and 85.7% (12/14), and the sustained virological responses were 56.2% (9/16) and 78.5% (11/14), respectively. CONCLUSION: Body weight-based customized PEG-IFN alpha-2b in combination with ribavirin can effectively treat patients with different genotypes of CHC.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[FTIR analysis of the enzymatic degradation of chitosan blend membranes].

Chitosan blend membranes were prepared by casting the mixture solution of highly deacetylated chitosan (HDC) and moderately deacetylated chitosan (MDC). FTIR was used to investigate the components of the blend membranes before and after lysozymic degradation. It was found that the ratio of MDC in the blen d membranes had a linear relation with the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the membranes. In enzymatic degradation process, DD of the membranes exhibited an increasing tendency. The FTIR data indicate that MDC component in the blend membranes can be removed by selective enzymatic degradation. This also suggests that FTIR can be used as an efficient and rapid method to investigate the degradation process of chitosan.

Chitosan↗

PubMed2005

[Survey scheme of the main Chinese medicines resources].

The survey of Chinese medicines resources concerns the development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry. It also directly influences the modernization process of traditional Chinese medicines. Owing to lacking of the scientific data on the Chinese medicines resources, it is a extremely urgent work to carry out survey of main Chinese medicine resources in nationwide. This paper explains the meaning and necessity. And it also investigated the survey object, contents, new technologies and methods.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗

PubMed2004

[Clinical analysis of 50 cases of cytomegalovirus disease].

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical features, diagnostic methods, therapeutic approaches, outcomes and the alterations of peripheral lymphocyte subsets in cytomegalovirus (CMV) diseases. METHODS: From August 2000 to October 2002, 50 cases of CMV diseases were treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The diagnosis were made by their symptoms and positive CMV pp65 antigen or/and CMV specific IgM. Of the 50 patients, 15 were male, and 35 female. Their age was (35.5 +/- 16.2) years. Their clinical data were collected, and their peripheral lymphocyte subsets were measured at the time when they were first diagnosed as CMV disease. The lymphocyte subsets of 51 healthy blood donors were tested as normal controls. The lymphocyte subsets were compared between those who had an immunocompromising underlying disease and those who had not. RESULTS: (1) CMV disease occurred in 39 patients who had immunocompromising underlying diseases, and in 11 patients who had not; (2) CMV disease caused various symptoms, most of them were nonspecific. Fever (100%), hematological abnormalities (96%) and abnormal liver function test (30%) were the most common manifestations. 3 cases of CMV retinitis were acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients with CD4+ T cell count less than 50/ microl; 2 patients developed multiple organ failure; (3) The positive rates of CMV pp65 antigen and specific IgM assays were 85.3% and 68.3%, respectively; (4) Comparing with normal controls, all patients with CMV disease had decreased B cell and nature killer cells, increased CD8+ T cell percentage and a reversed CD4+/CD8+ ratio; further more, the patients with underlying diseases had lower CD4+ T-cell and CD8+ T-cell counts than those without underlying diseases. CONCLUSIONS: CMV disease occurred in patients with or without underlying diseases. Their clinical manifestations were heterogeneous and non-specific, therefore, special laboratory tests were necessary to confirm the diagnosis. pp65 antigen assay had more diagnostic value than IgM assay. The dramatic changes in lymphocyte subsets suggest CMV disease has a immunological pathogenesis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

[Biotransformation of dehydroepiandrosterone by hairy root cultures of Anisodus tanguticus].

AIM: To modify the structure of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). METHODS: Using hairy root cultures of Anisodus tanguticus to perform biotransformation of DHEA, using chromatographic and spectral techniques to isolate and identify the products. RESULTS: (1) The MS medium without plant hormone was suitable for the growth of the hairy root. (2) DHEA was converted into five products: androst-4-ene-3, 17-dione (I); 6alpha-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3, 17-dione (II); 6alpha, 17beta-dihydroxyandrost-4-ene-3-one (III); androst-4-ene-3, 6, 17-trione (IV) and 17beta-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3-one (V). CONCLUSION: It is the first time to use hairy root cultures of Anisodus tanguticus for the biotransformation of DHEA and five DHEA-related compounds were obtained.

Androstenedione↗

PubMed2004

[A clinical review of 449 cases with fever of unknown origin].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the causes of fever of unknown origin (FUO). METHODS: The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed from patients with FUO hospitalized in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2000 to December 2003. During that period of time, 449 cases fulfilled the criteria of FUO. RESULTS: Out of the 449 FUO cases, definite diagnosis was eventually achieved in 387 patients (86.9%). The most common causes of FUO were infectious diseases (56.8%), with tuberculosis accounting for 43.6% of cases of infection. Seventy-six patients were suffered from collagen vascular diseases (CVD): with Still's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis accounting for 34.2% (26/76), 18.4% (14/76) and 13.2% (10/76) of the this category, respectively. 16.5% (64/449) of the FUO cases were diagnosed as malignancy. Miscellaneous causes were found in 7.0% of the FUO cases. However, no definite diagnosis had been made in the remaining 62 (13.8%) cases until they discharged from the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: In most FUO cases the causes can be diagnosed eventually after careful analysis of clinical data. While infectious diseases, especially tuberculosis, were still the most common causes of FUO, CVD and malignancy were also major causes of FUO and the incidence of malignancy were increased with the time.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

[Clinical features and therapy of 106 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and find out its effective treatment. METHODS: A total of 106 cases of SARS were analyzed prospectively. RESULTS: In this group, 56 were male and 50 female, aged from 15 to 81 years [average (36 +/- 10) years]. Common symptoms included fever (98.1%), chills (75.5%), cough (71.7%), headache and breathless (both 43.4%), diarrhea (24.5%) and rare rales in the lungs (11.2%). Laboratory test showed leukopenia (34.0%), lymphopenia (81.1%) and an extraordinary decrease of CD(4)(+) T cells (98.1%). Other rare abnormalities included liver injury (elevated alanine aminotransferase in 7.6%) and thrombocytopenia (3.8%). Almost all patients suffered from hypoxemia (PaO(2) less than 90 mm Hg in 90.2%, less than 70 mm Hg in 28.6%). Chest radiographs showed that unilateral focal patchy involvement in 34.0% of the patients, and unilateral multifocal or bilateral involvement were 11.3% and 46.2% respectively. Treatment regimens included small doses of steroids (methylprednisolone 40-80 mg, q12 h recommended) accompanied with broad-spectrum antibiotics such as the second generation of cephalosporins and macrolides and some other antiviral drugs. Meanwhile, emphasis was placed on oxygen support and coping with their underlying diseases. CONCLUSIONS: SARS has various presentations of clinical features and laboratory tests. Detection of CD(4)(+) T cell count is beneficial to diagnose SARS in early stage. Effective treatment includes various regimens, oxygen support and small doses of steroids.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

[Dynamic changes of plasma cytokine levels in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the mechanism of strong inflammatory response in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients. METHODS: 24 patients managed with a standard corticosteroid protocol developed by Peking Union Medical College Hospital were followed up for 2 months and their clinical outcomes were documented. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 p70, interferon gamma (IFN gamma), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) were determined by quantitative ELISA during the course of disease respectively. 12 healthy blood donors were used as normal controls. RESULTS: All SARS patients had remarkably increased plasma IL-8 concentrations (median 31.23 ng/L) at the onset of disease compared with those of normal controls (6.28 ng/L, P < 0.01). Along with the course of disease IL-8 concentration kept going up and 75% (18/24) patients reached a peak median concentration of 149.65 ng/L (P < 0.01) at the third and fourth weeks. IL-8 came back to normal control levels one month after discharged from hospital. Meanwhile, SARS patients also showed high a TNF alpha level (median 23.12 ng/L) (P < 0.01) at the second week and reached a peak median of 136.35 ng/L (P < 0.05) at the third an fourth weeks. One month after discharged from hospital the plasma TNF alpha concentration fell down to a median of 94.88 ng/L, but it was still much higher than normal controls (3.77 ng/L, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The SARS-associated coronovirus infection may cause complex cytokine cascade. IL-8 and TNF alpha probably play important roles in mediating strong inflammatory response, which are thought to be responsible for lung injury in SARS patients.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

[Preservation of germplasm of Rehmannia glutinosa in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for the germplasm preservation of R. glutinosa. METHOD: Plantlets of different cultivars obtained by tip culture were inoculated into test tubes with MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg.L-1 BA and 0.02 mg.L-1 NAA, and preserved at 4-6 degrees C in dark. At the same time, different media (A. distilled water + 10 g.L-1 agar; B. 1/2 MS + 5 g.L-1 agar; C. MS + 10 g.L-1 agar; D. 1/2 MS + 0.5 BA + 0.02 NAA + 10 g.L-1 agar; E. MS + 0.5 BA + 0.02 NAA + 10 g.L-1 agar) were set to conserve plantlets of "85-5" on the same condition. RESULT: 4 months later, the death rate of "Xinggeda" was 73%, "Tucheng" 60%, "85-5" 33%, and "Beijing 1" 9%. All of the plantlets of "85-5" in different media kept alive. 10 months later, most of the preserved plantlets browned and wilted except those on medium A. CONCLUSION: The low temperature endurance of R. glutinosa is cultivar-dependent. Medium A can preserve "85-5" for more than 10 months in vitro.

Agar↗

PubMed2003

[The system of appellation of origin and geographic indication of orthodox drugs and their protection in China].

There are lot of orthodox drugs in Chinese traditional medicine, with good reputation, quality and characteristics, are well known for their place of origin. Appellation of origin and geographic indication (GI) should be protected. Implementing system of the protection of GI in Chinese traditional medicine field is very important to extend national elaborate orthodox drugs and raise competitiveness of the goods in international trade.

China↗