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Xiao-yan Li

Publications and source records attributed to Xiao-yan Li.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Role of nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase in human abdominal aortic aneurysms: a preliminary study.

BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator in the pathophysiology of many vascular diseases. However, the definite role of NO in human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate production of NO and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and their possible role in AAA. METHODS: A total of 28 patients with AAA, 10 healthy controls, and 8 patients with arterial occlusive disease were enrolled into this study. Standard colorimetric assay was used to examine NO concentration in plasma from patients with AAA and normal controls, and in cultured smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Expression of iNOS in aortas and cultured SMCs were detected by immunochemistry. The correlation of iNOS expression with age of the patient, size of aneurysm, and degree of inflammation was also investigated by Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi2 test and Kendall' Tau correlation. RESULTS: Expression of iNOS increased significantly in the wall of aneurism in the patients with AAA compared to the healthy controls (P < 0.05) and the patients with occlusive arteries (P < 0.05). iNOS protein and media NOx (nitrite + nitrate) also increased in cultured SMCs from human AAA (n = 4, P < 0.05), while plasma NOx decreased in patients with AAA (n = 25) compared to the healthy controls (n = 20). There was a positive correlation between iNOS protein and degree of inflammation in aneurismal wall (Kendall coefficient = 0.5032, P = 0.0029). CONCLUSIONS: SMCs and inflammatory cells were main cellular sources of increased iNOS in AAA, and NO may play a part in pathogenesis in AAA through inflammation.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Enhancement effect of polychlorinated biphenyl on benzo (a) pyrene-induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of polychlorinated biphenyl, Aroclor1254 on benzo (a) pyrene [B (a) P]-induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells. METHODS: HepG2 cells were pretreated with Aroclor1254 (11.5, 23 and 46 micromol/L) for 24 hours and then exposed to B (a) P (50 micromol/L). DMSO (10 ml/L) was used as solvent control. Single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC) assays were applied to detect DNA single-strand breaks and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in HepG2 cells, respectively. RESULTS: Average Oliver tail moment (OTM) and 8-OHdG level in HepG2 cells were significantly increased in B (a) P treated group (1.66 +/- 0.21), (23.31 +/- 6.02) 8-OHdG/10(6)dG than that in solvent control (0.79 +/- 0.15), (12.31 +/- 3.24) 8-OHdG/10(6)dG, respectively. In Aroclor 1254 treated group (11.5, 23.0, 46.0 micromol/L), average OTM were 0.88 +/- 0.20, 1.01 +/- 0.15 and 1.10 +/- 0.16, and 8-OHdG levels were (19.57 +/- 7.57), (22.80 +/- 9.16) and (31.74 +/- 9.25) 8-OHdG/10(6)dG, respectively. A concentration of 46 micromol/L Aroclor1254 caused a significant increase of 8-OHdG level as compared with the solvent control. After pretreatment of HepG2 cells with Aroclor1254 (11.5, 23.0 and 46.0 micromol/L), B (a) P induced more DNA strand breaks (OTM: 2.14 +/- 0.22, 2.43 +/- 0.32 and 2.71 +/- 0.31) and 8-OHdG [(32.50 +/- 3.81), (49.23 +/- 16.66) and (60.36 +/- 18.04) 8-OHdG/10(6)dG] in HepG2 cells than B (a) P alone. CONCLUSION: Aroclor1254 might enhance B (a) P-induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells, which should imply a synergistic effect of Aroclor1254 on the genotoxicity of B (a) P.

Benzo(a)pyrene↗
PubMed2006

[Effects of PMA on CD147 expression in cultured THP-1 cells and monocytes of RA patients].

AIM: To investigate the expression of CD147 both on cellular membrane and in culture supernatant of in vitro cultured THP-1 cells and monocytes of RA patients before and after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). METHODS: Human peripheral blood monocytes (HPBMs) were segregated from RA patients by adherent culture method. After the HPBMs and THP-1 cells were stimulated with PMA, the expression rate and expression intensity of CD147 on THP-1 cells and HPBMs of RA patients were determined by flow cytometry. The soluble CD147 levels in culture supernatant of in vitro cultured THP-1 cells and HPBMs were quantified by double antibody Sandwich ELISA. RESULTS: The soluble CD147 in the supernatant of cultured THP-1 cells and HPBMs was detectable before PMA stimulation. Both cells showed high CD147 expression. After PMA stimulation, soluble CD147 level in the supernatant of THP-1 cells increased. CD147 expression on THP-1 cells firstly increased then decreased and kept stable for several days. CD147 expression on HPBMs of RA patients decreased, but CD147 level in the culture supernatant of HPBMs of RA patients increased and kept stable for 2 days. CONCLUSION: CD147 molecule can be shed from the membrane of THP-1 cells and HPBMs of RA patients, or it can be directly secreted into the culture supernatant from the two kinds of cells. PMA can up-regulate the level of soluble CD147.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed2006

[Disfigurement of p16INK4A gene expression in development of ovarian cancer and the mechanism].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the expression of p16INK4A gene in ovarian cancer and analyze the relation between this alteration and the promoter methylation of p16INK4A DNA. METHODS: The expression of p16INK4A mRNA was detected with RT-PCR in ovarian cancer cell lines and tissues, and the protein was detected by western blot. Methylation specific PCR (MSP) was used to check whether it was methylated in the promoter of p16INK4A, and normal ovarian tissues were used as control. The demethylating agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, was used to treat methylated ovarian cancer cells and then, ovarian cancer cell growth was measured in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS: Three ovarian cancer cell lines (Anglne, SW626, OVCAR3) and six ovarian cancer specimens were found methylated in p16INK4A DNA; the methylation rate was 3/7 and 33% (6/18) in ovarian cancer cell lines and specimens respectively. All the methylated cell lines and ovarian cancer tissues expressed decreasing p16INK4A mRNA and protein. Compared with the control, both the expression of p16INK4A mRNA and protein were decreased significantly or absolutely deleted in ovarian cancer cells (P < 0.05). The decrease was partly due to the methylation of p16INK4A. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine could reactivate the expression of p16INK4A in methylated cells and decrease the cell growth in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION: The disfigurement of p16INK4A gene plays an important role in the development of ovarian cancer, and this alteration is partially caused by methylation of p16INK4A DNA.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[The role of TGF-beta1/Smads in the development of peritoneal fibrosis induced by high glucose peritoneal dialysate and LPS].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and the potential role of TGF-beta/Smads in peritoneal fibrosis induced by high glucose dialysate and LPS in rats. METHODS: 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups: control group, normal rats; LPS group: rats were treated with intraperitoneal injection of LPS (0.6 mg/kg body weight) on days 1, 3, 5, 7; dialysate Group: rats were treated with daily intraperitoneal injection of 4.25% peritoneal dialysate (100 ml/kg body weight) for 4 weeks; LPS + dialysate Group: daily intraperitoneal injection of 4.25% dialysate combined with four times injection of LPS (0.6 mg/kg body weight on days 1, 3, 5, 7) for 4 weeks. The parietal thickness was measured with masson stain. The expression of alpha-SMA, TGF-beta1, Smad 2/3, Smad 7 and ColI in peritoneal membrane was detected with confocal microscope by immuno-fluorescence, Western-blot and RT-PCR. RESULTS: Masson stain show the parietal thickness of the rats in all groups was significantly increased compared with control group and collagen deposition was evident in the thickened submesothelial compact zone. Parietal thickness of the rats in LPS + dialysate Group was most (vs LPS group: 41.5 +/- 3.3 microm vs 34.70 +/- 3.6 microm, P = 0.007, vs dialysate Group, 41.5 +/- 3.3 microm vs 20.2 +/- 3.6 microm, P = 0.000). The expression of alpha-SMA, Col I, TGF-beta1, Smad 3 was up-regulated in protein and mRNA level and the protein level of phosphorylated-Smad 2/3 was increased significantly. The most significant changes were found in LPS + dialysate Group. Compared with control group the mRNA and protein level of Smad7 was increased, but the protein ratio of phosphorylated Smad/Smad 7 in all groups was higher. Under electro-microscope, the mesothelial cells in LPS + dialysate Group had myofibroblast morphology with the presence of large bundles of actin microfilaments and dense bodies within the cytoplasm. CONCLUSIONS: High concentration glucose dialysate or LPS contributes to peritoneal fibrosis by stimulating TGF-beta/Smads signaling. 4.25% peritoneal dialysate can coordinate with LPS to activate TGF-beta/Smads signaling pathway and induce mesenchymal transdifferentiation and peritoneal fibrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Comparative study on physical parameters and biological effects of blast wave on plateau and on plain].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the physical parameters and biological effects of blast wave on plateau and on plain. METHODS: Twenty-five pigs were divided into two groups: plateau group (n=15) and plain group (n=10). They were placed either 5 meters or 6 meters away from the site of explosion. Ten kilogram of TNT was detonated to produce blast injury. Physical parameters were measured with pressure transducers. The survival rate and gross morphological changes were carefully observed 28 hours later. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in propagation speed of blast wave between the two groups. Compared with plain group, the over-pressure value measured in plateau group was a slightly lower, however, the duration of positive pressure was more lengthy and impulse stronger compared with that of plain group. The survival rate was 12/15 and 8/10 respectively for plateau and plain groups 28 hours after injury. The morphological changes were mainly lung hemorrhage and edema. Intestinal subserosal hemorrhage and subendocardial hemorrhage were found in some animals. The lung injury severity in plateau group was one scale severer than that of plain group. CONCLUSION: Plateau blast wave is characterized by slightly higher impulse, longer duration, and lower over-pressure value, although the propagation speed of the wave is not different from that of plain environment. The blast injury in plateau environment is also severer, its underlying mechanisms need to be further explored.

Altitude↗
PubMed2005

[NP9 gene inhibits tumorigenicity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of NP9 on the growth of transplanted nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in nude mice and explore the mechanisms involved. METHODS: Recombinant pRc/CMV2-NP9 plasmid was constructed and transfected into the NPC cell lines by lipofectamine 2000. Cell clones stably expressing NP9 were obtained by detecting the mRNA expression of NP9 in G418-resistant clones with RT-PCR. The tumorigenicity and size of transplanted tumors were assessed after inoculation of NPC cells and their transgene clones into Balb/C mice. The expression of PCNA and cyclin D1 in transplanted tumors was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The expression of NP9 was detected in some of NP9 gene-transfected G418-resistant clones of CNE1 and SUNE1. In vivo experiments showed that the tumorigenicity of CNE19 clone was decreased significantly compared to that of CNE1 and its vector control, and the transplanted tumors grew more slowly from SUNE1/NP9 than from SUNE1 and SUNE1/vector. Compared with the vector control, the expression of cyclin D1 and PCNA in CNE1/NP9 transplants was decreased. CONCLUSION: NP9 inhibits tumorigenicity and growth of NPC transplanted tumor by down-regulating the expression of cyclin D1 and PCNA.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Study on the intercellular molecule-1 polymorphisms in an Chinese population with myocardial infarction].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) gene + 12959G/A and + 13848A/G polymorphism and myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) technology and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) were used for the detection of ICAM-1 genotypes in 165 patients with MI(including acute MI and old MI) and 199 healthy controls. Plasma lipid levels and hyper sensitive C reactive protein (quantitive ELISA method was used) levels were measured in all subjects. RESULTS: + 12959G/A polymorphism was not detected in our study. The frequencies of AA,AG and GG Genotypes of + 13848A/G were 58.2% and 45.7%, 37.0% among patients and 45.2%, 4.8% and 9.0% among controls,respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the distributions of the genotype frequencies (P<0.05) between two groups, and the relative risk suffered from MI of AA genotype was 1.651 times of the GG and GA genotype (OR = 1.651, 95% CI: 1.089-2.504). CONCLUSION: There was no + 12959G/A polymorphism found in Chinese people. The coding single nucleotide polymorphism + 13848 A/G in the exon 6 of ICAM-1 gene was associated to MI and the allele A might serve as a risk factor for MI in Chinese.

Asian People↗
PubMed2004

Physical and hydrodynamic properties of flocs produced during biological hydrogen production.

Dense flocs readily form in continuous culture bioreactors used for hydrogen production, but the fractal and hydrodynamic properties of these flocs have not been previously analyzed. We therefore examined the size distribution, fractal dimension, and hydrodynamic properties of flocs formed in a continuous flow, well-mixed reactor treating synthetic wastewater at a fixed condition of a 4.5 h hydraulic detention time (23 degrees C, pH 5.5). The reactor was operated for a total of 3 months at three different organic loading rates (27, 53, and 80 g-COD/L-d) with influent glucose concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 g-COD/L. At all three loading rates the removal of glucose was nearly complete (98.6-99.4%) and biomass was produced in proportion to the organic loading rate (0.86 +/- 0.11, 2.40 +/- 0.26, and 4.59 +/- 1.55 g/L of MLVSS in the reactor). Overall conversion efficiencies of glucose to hydrogen, evaluated on the basis of a maximum of 4 mol-H2/mol-glucose, increased with organic loading rates in the order 17.7%, 23.1%, and 25.6%. The gas contained 56.1 +/- 4.9% hydrogen, with the balance as carbon dioxide. No methane gas was detected. Under these conditions, flocs were produced with mean sizes that increased with organic loading, in the order 0.12 cm (5 g-COD/L), 0.35 cm (10 g-COD/L), and 0.58 cm (15 g-COD/L). As the average floc size increased, the flocs became on average denser and less fractal, with fractal dimensions increasing from 2.11 +/- 0.17 to 2.48 +/- 0.13. Floc porosities ranged from 0.75-0.96, and resulted in aggregate densities that allowed little intra-aggregate flow through the floc. As a result, average settling velocities were not appreciably larger than those predicted by Stokes' law for spherical, impermeable flocs. Our results demonstrate that dense, relatively impermeable flocs are produced in biohydrogen reactors that have settling properties in reasonable agreement with Stokes' law.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed2004

Crystallization of oxytetracycline from fermentation waste liquor: influence of biopolymer impurities.

Organic impurities in the fermentation broth of antibiotic production impose great difficulties in the crystallization and recovery of antibiotics from the concentrated waste liquor. In the present laboratory study, the inhibitory effect of biopolymers on antibiotic crystallization was investigated using oxytetracycline (OTC) as the model antibiotic. Organic impurities separated from actual OTC fermentation waste liquor by ultrafiltration were dosed into a pure OTC solution at various concentrations. The results demonstrated that small organic molecules with an apparent molecular weight (AMW) of below 10,000 Da did not affect OTC crystallization significantly. However, large biopolymers, especially polysaccharides, in the fermentation waste caused severe retardation of crystal growth and considerable deterioration in the purity of the OTC crystallized. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that OTC nuclei formed in the solution attached to the surfaces of large organic molecules, probably polysaccharides, instead of being surrounded by proteins as previously thought. It is proposed that the attachment of OTC nuclei to biopolymers would prevent OTC from rapid crystallization, resulting in a high OTC residue in the aqueous phase. In addition, the adsorption of OTC clusters onto biopolymers would destabilize the colloidal system of organic macromolecules and promote particle flocculation. OTC crystallization would therefore take place with the precipitation of abundant organic impurities. Hence, the removal of polysaccharides and other biopolymers by ultrafiltration can be an effective means of improving the recovery of OTC and similar antibiotics by crystallization from the fermentation waste.

Biopolymers↗
PubMed2004

[Angiotensin II up-regulates osteopontin mRNA expression of RAW264.7 macrophages via p38MAPK signaling].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of osteopontin (OPN) mRNA expression induced by angiotensin II (AngII) in RAW264.7 macrophages, and to determine the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling in up-regulation of OPN mRNA expression. METHODS: RT-PCR was used for examining the OPN mRNA expression, and the phosphorylation of p38MAPK and activating transcription factor2 (ATF2) was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: (1) AngII (1 micromol/L) enhanced the expression of OPN mRNA in RAW264.7 macrophages with time-dependent, including 0.9 fold, 2.3 folds and 2.4 folds up-regulation at 6, 12, 24 h, respectively (all P < 0.01), whereas there was no significant change in negative control at 0 h and 24 h, suggesting that the mRNA expression of OPN is inducible. (2) Following excitation by Ang II in vitro, there was substantial up-regulation of OPN mRNA expression in RAW264.7 macrophages with dose-dependent; with a dose of 1 micromol/L incubated for 12 h, Ang II increased the OPN mRNA expression by 2.6 folds (P < 0.01). (3) Pre-treatment with SB202190 (5 micromol/L) for 30 min in RAW264.7 macrophages before AngII (1 micromol/L) used, the expression of OPN mRNA was inhibited by 61.7% (P < 0.01); but no marked inhibition had happened at the time of treatment with both SB202190 (5 micromol/L) and Ang II (1 micromol/L) added at the same time and with SB202190 (5 micromol/L) for 120 min after Ang II (1 micromol/L) used. (4) Pre-treatment with SB202190 (1, 5, 10 micromol/L) for 30 min in RAW264.7 macrophages before Ang II (1 micromol/L) used, the expression of OPN mRNA was decreased by 43.4%, 63.0% and 65.5%, respectively (all P < 0.01). (5) There was a maximal expression of p38MAPK phosphorylation at 15 approximately 30 min induced by Ang II (1 micromol/L) in RAW264.7 macrophages, and the maximal expression of phosphorylated ATF2 was at 30 approximately 45 min. (6) Pre-treatment with SB202190 (1, 5 micromol/L) for 30 min in RAW264.7 macrophages before Ang II (1 micromol/L) used, the expression of p38MAPK phosphorylation was inhibited markedly with dose-dependent, and the phosphorylation of p38MAPK was decreased by 61.7% (P < 0.01) after the SB202190 (5 micromol/L) was used. CONCLUSION: Angiotensin II may up-regulate osteopontin mRNA expression of RAW264.7 macrophages via p38MAPK signaling.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed2004

[Pathomorphological changes in abdominal viscerae in dogs subjected to underwater blast wave injury].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the pathomorphological changes in abdominal viscerae injuries produced by underwater blast waves. METHODS: Sixty-one adult mongrel dogs were used in this study. Underwater explosions in different intensity were produced by detonating 200 g, 500 g and 1,000 g TNT, respectively. The physical parameters of blast wave were measured by PCB dynamic pressure transducers specially designed for underwater explosion. The pathomorphological changes in abdominal viscerae were observed at 6 hours after injury. RESULTS: The physical features of underwater blast wave were characterized by high peak pressure, short positive action duration, and higher intensity of impulse. The pathomorphological observation revealed high incidence of injuries of gastrointestinal tract (62.30 percent), manifesting mainly various degrees of subserosal and submucous bleeding in gastrointestinal tract. Rupture of seromuscular layer, subserosal hematoma, and even, perforations of gastrointestinal tract occurred in some animals. Injuries of the liver, spleen, pancreas and other parenchymatous organs injuries, such as subcapsular bleeding, hematoma, and ruptures, appeared with low incidence. No obvious injuries were found in the gallbladder or urinary bladder and other fluid containing organs. CONCLUSION: Underwater blast wave can induce injuries to many abdominal viscerae. Gastrointestinal tract injuries, occurring in high incidence are usually severe, and they should be given early treatment in underwater blast injuries.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Autologous transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells improved heart function after myocardial infarction.

AIM: To investigate whether autologous transplantation of adult stem cells could improve post-infarcted heart function. METHODS: Bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from adult rabbits' tibias after coronary ligation. These cells were exposed to 5-azacytidine 10 micromol/L for 24 h on the third day of culture. After being labeled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), the cells were auto-transplanted into bordering zone of the infarcted area at 2 weeks after injury. The animals were killed at 3 days, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months after transplantation, respectively. The left ventricular functions, capillary density, and cardiac nerve density were measured and the differentiation of the engrafted cells was determined by immunostaining. RESULTS: BrdU-labeled MNCs were well aligned with the host cardiomyocytes. Parts of them were incorporated into capillary and arteriolar vessel walls. In addition to inducing angiogenic ligands (basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor) and inflammation cytokines (interleukin 1-beta) during the early period of MNCs implantation, MNCs induced 2.0-fold increase in capillary density as well. Moreover, GAP43-positive and TH-positive nerve density were markedly higher in the MNCs-treated groups than that in the non-treated hearts. Left ventricular ejection fraction, LV+dp/dt(max), and LV-dp/dt(max) were 47%, 67%, and 55% in MNCs-treated heart respectively, which was higher than that of the control heart, whereas left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure were 45%, 22%, and 50% respectively in MNCs-treated heart, which was lower than that of the control heart at 2 months after cell transplantation. CONCLUSION: Autologous transplantation of MNCs induced angiogenesis and nerve sprouting and improved left ventricular diastolic function.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Study on the polymorphism of interleukin-1 gene and the susceptibility to essential hypertension].

OBJECTIVE: To make investigations on the polymorphism of interleukin-1 (IL-1)gene in Chinese Han population, on its association with essential hypertension, and on the relationship between the genotype of IL-1 and susceptibility to essential hypertension. METHODS: The polymorphisms of IL-1 gene in Han population of Hubei province, including polymorphisms of IL-1alpha (-889C/T), IL-1beta (-511C/T),IL-1beta (+3953C/T), IL-1Ra(+8006T/C) and IL-1Ra (variable number of tandem repeat, VNTR), were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a combination of PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods in 152 patients with essential hypertension and 168 healthy controls. RESULTS: The polymorphism distributions of IL-1alpha (-889C/T), IL-1beta (+3953C/T), IL-1Ra (+8006T/C) and IL-1Ra (VNTR) showed no differences between the essential hypertension group and control group, but the IL-1beta (-511C/T) exhibited a significant difference between the two groups. CT genotype carriers were at increased risk for essential hypertension (OR=2.54, 95%CI: 1.41-4.58), compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSION: The polymorphism of promotor region -511C/T in IL-1beta gene is probably associated with the susceptibility to essential hypertension.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Capecitabine combined with TACE for advanced liver cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of capecitabine combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for advanced liver cancer. METHODS: Forty-nine patients with liver cancer were retrospectively divided into two groups: Treatment group, on the basis of TACE, 23 patients received oral capecitabine at 2500 mg/m(2), twice-daily for 14 days followed by 7-day rest period and repeated in every three week intervals for more than two cycles. Control group, 26 patients received TACE only at 2-month intervals for at least two cycles. RESULTS: In capecitabine and TACE group: there were 1 CR, 14 PR, 5 SD and 3 PD; the overall response rate was 65.2%; the AFP and tumor reduction rates were 68.8% and 73.9%; the median survival time was 11.9 months. In the TACE only group: there were 0 CR, 7 PR, 12 SD and 7 PD; the overall response rate was 26.9%; the AFP and tumor reduction rates were 31.6 % and 30.8%; the median survival time was 8.3 months. The most common side-effects of capecitabine were hand-foot syndrome and diarrhea. CONCLUSION: Capecitabine combined with TACE is safe and effective for advanced liver cancer.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2004

[The absorption kinetics of silymarin microemulsion in rat intestine].

AIM: To survey the morphology and size distribution of silymarin microemulsion, to investigate the absorption of silymarin microemulsion in rat intestine compared with the absorption of silymarin micelle in rat Jejunum. METHODS: The intestine in rats was canulated for in situ recirculation. RESULTS: The absorption rate constants (Ka) of silymarin microemulsion at the entire intestine, ileum jejunum, duodenum and colon were 6.22 x 10(-2), 2.27 x 10(-2), 1.9 x 10(-2), 1.9 x 10(-2), 1.05 x 10(-2) and 0.43 x 10(-2) h(-1), respectively. The absorption rate constants of two kinds of silymarin micelle at jejunum were 0.36 x 10(-2), 0.65 x 10(-2) h(-1). CONCLUSION: Silymarin microemulsion was well absorbed at the middle and lower segments of intestine in rats. The absorption was a first-order process with the passive diffusion mechanism.

Animals↗