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Xin Li

Publications and source records attributed to Xin Li.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Contour-based object tracking with occlusion handling in video acquired using mobile cameras.

We propose a tracking method which tracks the complete object regions, adapts to changing visual features, and handles occlusions. Tracking is achieved by evolving the contour from frame to frame by minimizing some energy functional evaluated in the contour vicinity defined by a band. Our approach has two major components related to the visual features and the object shape. Visual features (color, texture) are modeled by semiparametric models and are fused using independent opinion polling. Shape priors consist of shape level sets and are used to recover the missing object regions during occlusion. We demonstrate the performance of our method on real sequences with and without object occlusions.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

Development of an intranasal vaccine to prevent urinary tract infection by Proteus mirabilis.

Proteus mirabilis commonly infects the complicated urinary tract and is associated with urolithiasis. Stone formation is caused by bacterial urease, which hydrolyzes urea to ammonia, causing local pH to rise, and leads to the subsequent precipitation of magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and calcium phosphate (apatite) crystals. To prevent these infections, we vaccinated CBA mice with formalin-killed bacteria or purified mannose-resistant, Proteus-like (MR/P) fimbriae, a surface antigen expressed by P. mirabilis during experimental urinary tract infection, via four routes of immunization: subcutaneous, intranasal, transurethral, and oral. We assessed the efficacy of vaccination using the CBA mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection. Subcutaneous or intranasal immunization with formalin-killed bacteria and intranasal or transurethral immunization with purified MR/P fimbriae significantly protected CBA mice from ascending urinary tract infection by P. mirabilis (P < 0.05). To investigate the potential of MrpH, the MR/P fimbrial tip adhesin, as a vaccine, the mature MrpH peptide (residues 23 to 275, excluding the signal peptide), and the N-terminal receptor-binding domain of MrpH (residues 23 to 157) were overexpressed as C-terminal fusions to maltose-binding protein (MBP) and purified on amylose resins. Intranasal immunization of CBA mice with MBP-MrpH (residues 23 to 157) conferred effective protection against urinary tract infection by P. mirabilis (P < 0.002).

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed2004

Use of translational fusion of the MrpH fimbrial adhesin-binding domain with the cholera toxin A2 domain, coexpressed with the cholera toxin B subunit, as an intranasal vaccine to prevent experimental urinary tract infection by Proteus mirabilis.

This is a follow-up to our previous study using an intranasal vaccine composed of MrpH, the tip adhesin of the MR/P fimbria, and cholera toxin to prevent urinary tract infection by Proteus mirabilis (X. Li, C. V. Lockatell, D. E. Johnson, M. C. Lane, J. W. Warren, and H. L. Mobley, Infect. Immun. 72:66-75, 2004). Here, we have expressed a cholera toxin-like chimera in which the MrpH adhesin-binding domain (residues 23 to 157) replaces the cholera toxin A1 ADP-ribosyltransferase domain. This chimera, when administered intranasally without additional adjuvant, is sufficient to induce protective immunity in mice.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed2004

Proteus mirabilis genes that contribute to pathogenesis of urinary tract infection: identification of 25 signature-tagged mutants attenuated at least 100-fold.

Proteus mirabilis, a common cause of urinary tract infections (UTI) in individuals with functional or structural abnormalities or with long-term catheterization, forms bladder and kidney stones as a consequence of urease-mediated urea hydrolysis. Known virulence factors, besides urease, are hemolysin, fimbriae, metalloproteases, and flagella. In this study we utilized the CBA mouse model of ascending UTI to evaluate the colonization of mutants of P. mirabilis HI4320 that were generated by signature-tagged mutagenesis. By performing primary screening of 2088 P. mirabilis transposon mutants, we identified 502 mutants that ranged from slightly attenuated to unrecoverable. Secondary screening of these mutants revealed that 114 transposon mutants were reproducibly attenuated. Cochallenge of 84 of these single mutants with the parent strain in the mouse model resulted in identification of 37 consistently out-competed P. mirabilis transposon mutants, 25 of which were out-competed >100-fold for colonization of the bladder and/or kidneys by the parent strain. We determined the sequence flanking the site of transposon insertion in 29 attenuated mutants and identified genes affecting motility, iron acquisition, transcriptional regulation, phosphate transport, urease activity, cell surface structure, and key metabolic pathways as requirements for P. mirabilis infection of the urinary tract. Two mutations localized to a approximately 42-kb plasmid present in the parent strain, suggesting that the plasmid is important for colonization. Isolation of disrupted genes encoding proteins with homologies to known bacterial virulence factors, especially the urease accessory protein UreF and the disulfide formation protein DsbA, showed that the CBA mouse model and mutant pools are a reliable source of attenuated mutants with mutations in virulence genes.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Estrogen abrogates transcervical tight junctional resistance by acceleration of occludin modulation.

The present study explored the effects of estrogen on transcervical tight-junctional resistance (R(TJ)) and the mechanisms involved. Treatment of cultured human cervical epithelial cells with 17beta-estradiol decreased in a time- and dose-related manner the R(TJ). Estrogen had no significant effect on the expression of E-Cadherin, zonula-occluden-1, or Claudin-4. In contrast, 17beta-estradiol modulated expression of the transmembrane tight-junctional protein occludin: at low concentrations (1 and 10 nm) estradiol increased the density of occludin 65-kDa form but at the higher concentration of 100 nm estradiol induced only a mild 2-fold increase in the density of this form. Estradiol also increased the expression of occludin 50-kDa form in a dose-related manner. The R(TJ) and occludin effects of estradiol were reversible and could be blocked by tamoxifen but not progesterone. The present results rule out estrogen modulation of occludin transcription. In contrast, the results suggest that the occludin effects of estrogen involve posttranslational up-regulation of occludin turnover, including synthesis and degradation. The effects of estrogen on occludin expression were compared with those of proteinase-K, plasmin, and matrix-metaloproteinase-2 (all added extracellularly). The three proteinases abrogated irreversibly the R(TJ) and induced expression de novo of occludin low-molecular-weight forms. The latter, however, differed from the effect of estrogen, which generated only a single 50-kDa form. Collectively, the present data suggest that the occludin 50-kDa form is an estrogen-specific-induced occludin isoform and that the mechanism of estrogen-abrogation of transcervical R(TJ) involves occludin modulation.

Cadherins↗
PubMed2004

Cloning, characterization and expression of CDK5RAP1_v3 and CDK5RAP1_v4, two novel splice variants of human CDK5RAP1.

Two novel splice variants of CDK5RAP1, named CDK5RAP1_v3 and CDK5RAP1_v4, were isolated through the large-scale sequencing analysis of a human fetal brain cDNA library. The CDK5RAP1_v3 and CDK5RAP1_v4 cDNAs are 1923bp and 1792bp in length, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed that CDK5RAP1_v4 lacked 1 exon, which was present in CDK5RAP1_v3, with the result that these cDNAs encoded different putative proteins. The deduced proteins were 574 amino acids (designated as CDK5RAP1_v3) and 426 amino acids (CDK5RAP1_v4) in length, and shared the 420 N-terminal amino acids. RT-PCR analysis showed that human CDK5RAP1_v3 was widely expressed in human tissues. The expression level of CDK5RAP1_v3 was relatively high in placenta and lung, whereas low levels of expression were detected in heart, brain, liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas, spleen, thymus, small intestine and peripheral blood leukocytes. In contrast, human CDK5RAP1_v4 was mainly expressed in brain, placenta and testis.

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMed2004

Effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on T-lymphocyte function and the mechanism of this effect.

Whether recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) affects lymphocyte function directly or indirectly is controversial. In this study, we found that T-cell proliferation was decreased considerably in response to phytohemagglutinin in donors who received rhG-CSF but was partly restored after monocytes were removed. Intracellular cytokine staining revealed that the interferon gamma-interleukin 4 ratio decreased by 5.97-fold in donor CD4+ cells after rhG-CSF treatment. No effect of rhG-CSF on ex vivo T-cell function was observed. rhG-CSF indirectly induced significant quantitative and qualitative changes on lymphocytes, including a decrease in T-cell proliferation and type 2 helper T-cell polarization of the cytokine profile. Although monocytes suppressed T-cell proliferation, the suppressive activity induced by the quantitative change in monocyte numbers cannot completely account for the hyporesponsiveness of T-lymphocytes. We believe that there must be another mediating factor. In addition, the numbers and mean fluorescence intensities of CD14CD86+ cells and CD19+CD80+ cells declined significantly in the peripheral blood after rhG-CSF treatment. Suboptimal amounts of stimulatory signals provided by low expression levels of B7 molecules on antigen-presenting cells (monocytes, B-lymphocytes) may help explain the alteration in T-cell proliferation. In addition, the absolute counts of CD3+CD4-CD8 cells in the peripheral blood were markedly increased and enriched in leukapheresis products following G-CSF treatment. These suppressor cells may contribute to T-cell hyporesponsiveness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Simultaneous determination of quetiapine and three metabolites in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

AIM: To develop a high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/ESI) method for simultaneous determination of quetiapine and its sulfoxide-, 7-hydroxy-, 7-hydroxy-N-dealkyl-metabolites in human plasma. METHODS: The HPLC separation of the compounds was performed on a Kromasil C18, (5 microm, 4.6 mm.150 mm) column, using water (formic acid: 1.70 mmol/L, ammonium acetate: 5.8 mmol/L)-acetonitrile (65:35) as mobile phase, with a flow-rate of 0.95 mL/min. The compounds were ionized in the electrospray ionization (ESI) ion source of the mass spectrometer and detected in the selected ion recording (SIR) mode. The samples were extracted using solid-phase extraction columns. RESULTS: The calibration curves were linear in the ranges of 10-2000 microg/L for quetiapine, 1-200 microg/L for its metabolites, respectively. The average extraction recoveries for all the four samples were above 85 %. The methodology recoveries were much higher than 95 %. The intra-day and inter-day RSD are less than 15 %. CONCLUSION: The method is accurate, sensitive, and simple for study of pharmacokinetics and metabolic mechanism of quetiapine in patients at therapeutic dose.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Multiple dose pharmacokinetics of quetiapine and some of its metabolites in Chinese suffering from schizophrenia.

AIM: To study the multiple dose pharmacokinetics of quetiapine and its sulfoxide-, 7-hydroxy-, 7-hydroxy-N-dealkyl-metabolites in Chinese suffering from schizophrenia. METHODS: Twenty-one patients (11 females and 10 males) were given quetiapine twice daily to control the symptoms. After the dose reached 200 mg twice daily, blood were sampled to study the pharmacokinetics. The plasma concentrations of quetiapine and its metabolites were assayed by HPLC-MS. RESULTS: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of quetiapine, 7-hydroxy-N-dealkyl-quetiapine, quetiapine sulfoxide, and 7-hydroxy-quetiapine were as follows: tmax were 2.0 (0.3-5.0), 4.0 (1.5-6.0), 3.0 (0.5-5.0), and 3.0 (0.5-5.0) h respectively; t1/2 were (7+/-3), (9.4+/-2.7), (7+/-3), and (8+/-5) h, respectively; Cmax(SS) were (678+/-325), (19+/-5), (451+/-216), and (58+/-22) microg/L, respectively; Cmin(SS) were (51+/-68), (3.3+/-1.6), (35+/-36), and (5+/-4) microg/L, respectively; Cav(SS) were (295+/-144), (13+/-4), (209+/-71), and (28+/-9) micro/L, respectively; AUC(0-12)(SS) were (3,538+/-1 728), (153+/-44), (2,512+/-854), and (335+/-104) microg.h.L(-1), respectively; AUC(0-infinite)(SS) were (5,534+/-4 198), (287+/-107), (3,858+/-2 012), and (529+/-262) microg.h.L(-1), respectively; Ke were (0.11+/-0.03), (0.079+/-0.019), (0.11+/-0.03), and (0.103+/-0.028) h(-1), respectively; CL/F and V/F of quetiapine were (67+/-25) L.h(-1) and (672+/-394) L, respectively. The plasma concentrations for the four compounds reached a steady state within 48 h at the dose of 200 mg initiation. These parameters were not statistically different between genders. CONCLUSIONS: Quetiapine was absorbed quickly, distributed widely, and metabolized mainly to be quetiapine sulfoxide. The elimination speeds of quetiapine and its three metabolites were similar. Gender had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of quetiapine and its metabolites. The clinical dosage regime caused no drug accumulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Analysis of the difference in NIH3T3 cell protein expression profiles before and after TPA treatment using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and image analysis software].

OBJECTIVE: To establish and optimize two-dimensional (2-D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) for comparative analysis of the protein expression profiles in mouse fibroblast NIH3T3 cells before and after 12-O-tetradecanoy- lphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) treatment using image analysis software, so as to prepare for more intensive study in the identification of the proteins that mediate the biological effect of TPA. METHODS: The total cellular protein extracted from NIH3T3 cells with or without TPA treatment underwent 2-D PAGE and silver nitrate staining prior to the analysis of the differential protein expressions using image analysis software. RESULTS: Image analysis revealed obvious differential protein expressions of the cells in response to TPA treatment. CONCLUSION: High-quality instruments for 2-D PAGE, skilled electrophoretic operation and efficient image processing are all essential in the reliable identification of stable functional proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Expression of CD 86 on monocyte and B cell surface, the level of T(H)-derived cytokine and their correlation in children with asthma].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of T lymphocytes activation co-stimulation pathway and T lymphocyte subset activation in asthma pathogenesis. METHODS: The blood samples were taken from 35 asthma children (including 22 male and 13 female, age 11 months-9 years) and 31 normal children (including 19 male and 12 female, age 8 months-12 years). Direct immunofluorescence flow cytometry was used to detect the CD86 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) on CD(14)(+) cell, CD(19)(+) cell percentage and CD19 and CD86 double positive cell percentage in PBMC activated by LPS. ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-4, IL-13, IFN-gamma in culture supernatants of PBMC stimulated with PHA and plasma total IgE level. RESULTS: (1) The CD86 MFI on CD(14)(+) cell in asthma group was elevated significantly (31.8 +/- 9.2 vs 23.5 +/- 6.4, P < 0.01). (2) CD(19)(+) cell percentage and CD19 and CD86 double positive cell percentage in PBMC stimulated with LPS in asthma group were increased significantly (13.5 +/- 4.0 and 4.6 +/- 2.0 vs. 8.2 +/- 3.0 and 2.3 +/- 1.4, respectively, P < 0.01). The plasma total IgE level [186.6 (64.3 - 723.6)] was higher than that of control's [41.95 (0.9 - 115.2)]. (3) The levels of IL-4 and IL-13 in supernatants stimulated with PHA increased significantly [34.2 (2.8 - 70.0) and 1 239.0 (378.3 - 2 929.0) vs. 9.7 (2.0 - 46.2) and 683.2 (128.8 - 1 560.8) respectively, P < 0.01, P < 0.05]; and the level of IFN-gamma decreased significantly [12.16 (1.6 - 44.8) vs. 26.7 (2.1 - 99.5) P < 0.05]. (4) In asthma group there was a significantly positive correlation of CD86 MFI on CD(14)(+) cell with CD19 and CD86 double positive cell percentage (r = 0.644), there was a significantly positive correlation of CD(19)(+)CD(86)(+)cells percentage with plasma total IgE (r = 0.537); there was a significantly positive correlation of CD(19)(+)cells percentage with the levels of IL-4 and IL-13 (r = 0.607, 0.540 respectively); a significantly positive correlation of CD(19)(+)CD(86)(+) percentage cells with the levels of IL-4 and IL-13 was found (r = 0.617, 0.678, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: (1) The expression of CD86 on APC cells increased in children with acute asthma. (2) The response to mitogens of B lymphocyte and T(H2) but not T(H1) lymphocyte were increased significantly. The results suggest that CD86 and imbalance of T(H) subset may play an important role in asthma pathogenesis.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed2004

[Enhancement of antioxidant capability of cancer patients during chemotherapy by reduced glutathione].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: It is unknown how administration of reduced glutathione (GSH) affects chemotherapy of cancer patients. This study was designed to investigate the effect of GSH on lipid peroxidation, and activities of antioxidant enzyme among cancer patients with chemotherapy. METHODS: Sixty-two cancer patients with chemotherapy were enrolled randomly into AB or BA group in cross-over pattern. In AB group, combination of chemotherapy and GSH was administrated first, then following chemotherapy alone was given 21 or 28 days later. In group BA, chemotherapy alone was administrated first, then the combination therapy was given. Duration of chemotherapy was 2-5 days, 21-28 days for a cycle, depended on chemotherapy strategies. GSH was given as a 15 minute intravenous infusion at the dose of 1 500 mgx(m(2)xd)(-1) for 7 days from day 1. Serum samples were collected from the patients on the day just before the chemotherapy, the 7(th) day, and the 21(st) (if 21 days per cycle of the chemotherapy) or 28(th) day of treatment. Concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) of serum samples were analyzed biochemically. RESULTS: (1)Administration of chemotherapy significantly increased serum MDA level on the 7(th) day compared with that before chemotherapy (mean+/-SD,6.12+/-1.94 micromol/L versus 4.63+/-1.87 micromol/L,P< 0.01). The increased serum MDA level was restored partially (5.05+/-2.07)micromol/L on the 21(th) or 28(th) day, but still higher than that before chemotherapy (P< 0.05). (2)Serum activity of T-SOD and GSH-Px decreased on the 7(th) day (P< 0.01) and restored partially on the 21(th) or 28th day, but still lower than that before chemotherapy (T-SOD, P< 0.05;GSH-Px,P< 0.01).(3)Co-treatment of GSH prevents lipid peroxidation and depletion of antioxidant enzymes by chemotherapy partially but significantly (P< 0.01). (4)Similar results were obtained in both AB group and BA group. CONCLUSION: Chemotherapy depletes antioxidant capability of cancer patients and co- treatment of GSH might prevent such depletion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[New polymorphism (IVS3-20 T-->C) of the parkin gene associated with the early-onset Parkinson's disease in Chinese].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between a new polymorphism (IVS3-20 T>C GenBank accession number: AY463003) in intro 3 of the parkin gene and the risk for Parkinson's disease (PD) in Chinese, particularly the relation between this polymorphism and the age of onset of PD patients. METHODS: PD was diagnosed according to the criteria of Core Assessment Program for Intracerebral Transplantations(CAPIT). All patients and controls were examined by two neurologists and were of the Han ethnic background. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and sequencing were used to determine the genotype of each subject. RESULTS: A total of 312 PD patients (including 99 early-onset PD patients and 213 late-onset PD patients) and 236 controls were studied. The C/C homozygote was not found in this study. Chi-square analysis revealed that the frequencies of the C allele and T/C genotype were higher in total PD group but were not statistically different from those of the control group (P=0.6350 and 0.6331, respectively). After being stratified by age of onset, the frequency of T/C genotype was significantly higher (OR=3.52, 95%CI 0.97-13.13) in PD group with an onset age at or below 45 years old (7.07%), compared with that in the control group (2.12%). Similarly, C allele was much higher (OR=3.42, 95%CI 0.96-12.57, P=0.0276) in the early-onset PD group (3.90%) than that in the control group (1.06%). The linear trend analysis showed that both the T/C genotype and C allele increased significantly in the PD group with the increase of the onset age [chi-square(trend of Genotypes)=4.414, P=0.036; chi-square(trend of Alleles)=4.344, P=0.037]. On the other hand, there was no difference in the frequencies of allele and genotype between the late-onset PD patients and controls. CONCLUSION: The above results suggest that the parkin IVS3-20 T>C polymorphism might be a genetic risk factor for early-onset PD in Chinese.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Differential screening of novel human metastasis-associated genes of colorectal carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To clone novel metastasis-associated genes of colorectal carcinoma and provide clues for the molecular mechanisms of metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. METHODS: By suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), a pair of colorectal carcinoma cell lines with different metastatic potentials derived from the same parental cell line was used to construct two subtractive cDNA library specific for metastasis-accelerating genes or metastasis-suppressor genes. Partial positive clones in the two libraries were selected randomly and differentially screened, and the differentially expressed gene fragments obtained were sequenced and analyzed with BLAST software. The mRNA expressions of several new genes were confirmed by Northern blot analysis. RESULTS: Two subtractive cDNA libraries had 235 and 232 white clones respectively and more than 90% of the white clones had the inserts. About 200 positive clones selected randomly were differentially screened, and 29 differentially expressed genes were obtained. Fifteen unknown genes were found by sequence and BLAST analysis and had been collected by the GenBank dbEST database with the entry number of CD485499 to CD485513, among which 6 novel genes were located in the fifth chromosome. CONCLUSION: SSH is a reliable strategy for screening novel genes differentially expressed in metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. The fifth chromosome may harbor many new genes related with metastasis of colorectal carcinoma, and identified new genes can be cloned for their full length for further study of their functions.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2004

[Analysis of the status of diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism and a study of further strategy to improve the diagnostic level].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the present status of diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) by analyzing the clinical data of patients admitted during last 10 years to our hospital, in order to look for a significant diagnostic strategy to improve the diagnostic level. METHODS: The data of patients diagnosed to have PE in last 10 years were analyzed. In the last 5 months, the patients suspected to have PE were diagnosed by a comprehensive approach including clinical manifestations, lung scan and/or spirals computer tomography (SCT) in our emergency department. RESULTS: The diagnostic rate, the final diagnostic rate within 3 days and the diagnostic rate by lung scan or/and SCT were all higher in the last 3 months than ever. The proportions of angiograms and the overall 3-month PE risk were 2.8% and 0. CONCLUSION: The comprehensive approach which includes clinical manifestations, lung scan and/or SCT can obviously improve the diagnostic level of PE.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Value of MR imaging and MR angiography in the differential diagnosis of carotid space tumour].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the imaging features of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 2D time of flight (TOF) MR angiography (MRA) and study the value in the differential diagnosis and surgical planning for carotid space tumors. METHODS: Twenty-six patients with suspected pulsatile carotid space mass were imaged by MRI and 2D TOF MRA from 1996 to 2003. Its characteristic findings were analyzed for lesion shape, margin, signal intensity, angle of common carotid bifurcation, and the relationship between the great vessels and carotid space mass. RESULTS: Of the 26 patients, 22 were verified histopathologically, including 15 carotid body tumors (1 patient had bilateral carotid body tumors), 4 carotid artery aneurysms, 3 schwannomas, and 1 metastatic carcinoma. The rest four patients had clinical pseudomasses proved by MRI and MRA as considerable dilated or tortuous carotid artery as compared with the contralateral one. Combined MRI and MRA assessment of carotid body tumors and carotid artery aneurysm yielded an accuracy of 100%. It was also revealed that the anatomy shown on the MRI and axial MRA source images was consistent with that found by surgery. CONCLUSION: MRI in combination with MRA is considered as non-invasive imaging technique for the evaluation of carotid space tumor showing superiority to other modalities in the differential diagnosis between vascular versus non-vascular tumours. This method may take the place of traumatic carotid angiography.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Typing of bronchiectasis according to syndrome differentiation].

OBJECTIVE: To study the general law of typing of bronchiectasis according to syndrome differentiation. METHODS: We collected the symptoms, conditions of tongue and pulse in patients of bronchiectasis, using frequencies procedure, discriminant analysis and K-means cluster analysis in SPSS statistical software as research medium. RESULTS: Five hundred and sixty three patients with bronchiectasis were studied. It suggested that accumulation of phlegm-heat in the lungs (45.65%), liver fire attacking the lungs (24.51%), asthenia of pulmonosplenic qi (22.38%), asthenia of both qi and yin (7.46%) were the main types. CONCLUSION: Clinical epidemiology provided scientific basis for further studying of the typing of bronchiectasis according to syndrome differentiation. Building up differentiation of syndromes through differentiation and analysis of main symptoms can be used in clinical diagnosis.

Adolescent↗