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Biomedical subjects

Xinping Cui

Publications and source records attributed to Xinping Cui.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Arabidopsis transcriptome changes in response to phloem-feeding silverleaf whitefly nymphs. Similarities and distinctions in responses to aphids.

Phloem-feeding pests cause extensive crop damage throughout the world, yet little is understood about how plants perceive and defend themselves from these threats. The silverleaf whitefly (SLWF; Bemisia tabaci type B) is a good model for studying phloem-feeding insect-plant interactions, as SLWF nymphs cause little wounding and have a long, continuous interaction with the plant. Using the Affymetrix ATH1 GeneChip to monitor the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transcriptome, 700 transcripts were found to be up-regulated and 556 down-regulated by SLWF nymphs. Closer examination of the regulation of secondary metabolite (glucosinolate) and defense pathway genes after SLWF-instar feeding shows that responses were qualitatively and quantitatively different from chewing insects and aphids. In addition to the RNA profile distinctions, analysis of SLWF performance on wild-type and phytoalexin-deficient4 (pad4) mutants suggests aphid and SLWF interactions with Arabidopsis were distinct. While pad4-1 mutants were more susceptible to aphids, SLWF development on pad4-1 and wild-type plants was similar. Furthermore, although jasmonic acid genes were repressed and salicylic acid-regulated genes were induced after SLWF feeding, cytological staining of SLWF-infested tissue showed that pathogen defenses, such as localized cell death and hydrogen peroxide accumulation, were not observed. Like aphid and fungal pathogens, callose synthase gene RNAs accumulated and callose deposition was observed in SLWF-infested tissue. These results provide a more comprehensive understanding of phloem-feeding insect-plant interactions and distinguish SLWF global responses.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The effect of a disease management intervention on quality and outcomes of dementia care: a randomized, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Adherence to dementia guidelines is poor despite evidence that some guideline recommendations can improve symptoms and delay institutionalization of patients. OBJECTIVE: To test the effectiveness of a dementia guideline-based disease management program on quality of care and outcomes for patients with dementia. DESIGN: Clinic-level, cluster randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: 3 health care organizations collaborating with 3 community agencies in southern California. PARTICIPANTS: 18 primary care clinics and 408 patients with dementia age 65 years or older paired with 408 informal caregivers. INTERVENTION: Disease management program led by care managers and provided to 238 patient-caregiver pairs at 9 intervention clinics for more than 12 months. MEASUREMENTS: Adherence to 23 guideline recommendations (primary outcome) and receipt of community resources and patient and caregiver health and quality-of-care measures (secondary outcomes). RESULTS: The mean percentage of per-patient guideline recommendations to which care was adherent was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the usual care group (63.9% vs. 32.9%, respectively; adjusted difference, 30.1% [95% CI, 25.2% to 34.9%]; P < 0.001). Participants who received the intervention had higher care quality on 21 of 23 guidelines (P < or = 0.013 for all), and higher proportions received community agency assistance (P < or = 0.03) than those who received usual care. Patient health-related quality of life, overall quality of patient care, caregiving quality, social support, and level of unmet caregiving assistance needs were better for participants in the intervention group than for those in the usual care group (P < 0.05 for all). Caregiver health-related quality of life did not differ between the 2 groups. LIMITATIONS: Participants were well-educated, were predominantly white, had a usual source of care, and were not institutionalized. Generalizability to other patients and geographic regions is unknown. Also, costs of a care management program under fee-for-service reimbursement may impede adoption. CONCLUSIONS: A dementia guideline-based disease management program led to substantial improvements in quality of care for patients with dementia. Current Controlled Trials identifier: ISRCTN72577751.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Multispecialty stroke services in California hospitals are associated with reduced mortality.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether 1) a dedicated, multispecialty service, 2) a distinct hospital ward, 3) protocols, and 4) a specialist are associated with reduced mortality among patients with stroke. METHODS: The authors reviewed data (1998 and 1999) from all acute, non-federal hospitals in California, including administrative discharge databases for patient and hospital-level information, mortality data through 1 year post discharge, and a hospital-level survey regarding structural elements of stroke care. The impact of a dedicated, multidisciplinary stroke service and of stroke wards, protocols, and specialists on odds of death among patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke were each examined using logistic regression models. How these elements of care impacted outcome at teaching vs non-teaching hospitals was also examined. RESULTS: A 67.5% response rate (257/381) from surveyed hospitals provided data for 61,541 patients with stroke. A dedicated, multispecialty stroke service was available at 7.4% of hospitals. Twelve percent of hospitals had a stroke ward, 62.3% used protocols, and 16% had neurologists with specialty training in stroke. Patients cared for at hospitals with a dedicated stroke service had significantly lower odds for death at 30 days, and reduced mortality was maintained through 365 days after admission. Stroke wards, protocols, and specialists were not associated with reduced mortality. Having a dedicated stroke service was associated with reduced mortality at both non-teaching and teaching hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Dedicated, multispecialty stroke services are underutilized despite their association with reduced stroke mortality at both academic and non-academic hospitals.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Expression analysis of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) during salinity stress.

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a salt-tolerant crop species with considerable economic importance in salinity-affected arid and semiarid regions of the world. In this work, barley cultivar Morex was used for transcriptional profiling during salinity stress using a microarray containing approximately 22,750 probe sets. The experiment was designed to target the early responses of genes to a salinity stress at seedling stage. We found a comparable number of probe sets up-regulated and down-regulated in response to salinity. The differentially expressed genes were broadly characterized using gene ontology and through expression-based hierarchical clustering to identify interesting features in the data. A prominent feature of the response to salinity was the induction of genes involved in jasmonic acid biosynthesis and genes known to respond to jasmonic acid treatment. A large number of abiotic stress (heat, drought, and low temperature) related genes were also found to be responsive to salinity stress. Our results also indicate osmoprotection to be an early response of barley under salinity stress. Additionally, we compared the results of our studies with two other reports characterizing gene expression of barley under salinity stress and found very few genes in common.

Cyclopentanes↗
PubMed2005

Comparative transcriptional profiling of two contrasting rice genotypes under salinity stress during the vegetative growth stage.

Rice (Oryza sativa), a salt-sensitive species, has considerable genetic variation for salt tolerance within the cultivated gene pool. Two indica rice genotypes, FL478, a recombinant inbred line derived from a population developed for salinity tolerance studies, and IR29, the sensitive parent of the population, were selected for this study. We used the Affymetrix rice genome array containing 55,515 probe sets to explore the transcriptome of the salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive genotypes under control and salinity-stressed conditions during vegetative growth. Response of the sensitive genotype IR29 is characterized by induction of a relatively large number of probe sets compared to tolerant FL478. Salinity stress induced a number of genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in IR29 but not in FL478. Cell wall-related genes were responsive in both genotypes, suggesting cell wall restructuring is a general adaptive mechanism during salinity stress, although the two genotypes also had some differences. Additionally, the expression of genes mapping to the Saltol region of chromosome 1 were examined in both genotypes. Single-feature polymorphism analysis of expression data revealed that IR29 was the source of the Saltol region in FL478, contrary to expectation. This study provides a genome-wide transcriptional analysis of two well-characterized, genetically related rice genotypes differing in salinity tolerance during a gradually imposed salinity stress under greenhouse conditions.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Detecting single-feature polymorphisms using oligonucleotide arrays and robustified projection pursuit.

MOTIVATION: Genomic DNA was hybridized to oligonucleotide microarrays to identify single-feature polymorphisms (SFP) for Arabidopsis, which has a genome size of approximately 130 Mb. However, that method does not work well for organisms such as barley, with a much larger 5200 Mb genome. In the present study, we demonstrate SFP detection using a small number of replicate datasets and complex RNA as a surrogate for barley DNA. To identify single probes defining SFPs in the data, we developed a method using robustified projection pursuit (RPP). This method first evaluates, for each probe set, the overall differentiation of signal intensities between two genotypes and then measures the contribution of the individual probes within the probe set to the overall differentiation. RESULTS: RNA from whole seedlings with and without dehydration stress provided 'present' calls for approximately 75% of probe sets. Using triplicated data, among the 5% of 'present' probe sets identified as most likely to contain at least one SFP probe, at least 80% are correctly predicted. This was determined by direct sequencing of PCR amplicons derived from barley genomic DNA. Using a 5 percentile cutoff, we defined 2007 SFP probes contained in 1684 probe sets by combining three parental genotype comparisons: Steptoe versus Morex, Morex versus Barke and Oregon Wolfe Barley Dominant versus Recessive. AVAILABILITY: The algorithm is available upon request from the corresponding author. CONTACT: xinping.cui@ucr.edu SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: http://faculty.ucr.edu/~xpcui.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

Additive regulation of hepatic gene expression by dwarfism and caloric restriction.

Disrupted growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling (DF) and caloric restriction (CR) extend life span and delay the onset of age-related diseases in rodents. In combination, these interventions additively extend life span. To investigate the molecular basis for these effects, we performed genome-wide, microarray expression analysis of liver from homozygous and heterozygous Ames dwarf mice fed ad libitum or CR. CR and DF additively affected a group of 95 genes. Individually and together, DF and CR independently affected the expression of 212 and 77 genes, respectively. These results indicate that DF and CR affect overlapping sets of genes and additively affect a subset of genes. Together, the interventions produced changes in gene expression consistent with increased insulin, glucagon and catecholamine sensitivity, gluconeogenesis, protein turnover, lipid beta-oxidation, apoptosis, and xenobiotic and oxidant metabolism; and decreased cell proliferation, lipid and cholesterol synthesis, and chaperone expression. These data suggest that the additive effects of DF and CR on life span develop from their additive effects on the level of expression of some genes and from their independent effects on other genes. These results provide a novel and focused group of genes closely associated with the regulation of life span in mammals.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Seizure reduction and quality of life improvements in people with epilepsy.

PURPOSE: Previous research suggests that seizure freedom may be necessary to improve health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for epilepsy surgery patients, but little is known regarding the seizure-frequency reduction needed to improve HRQOL among medically treated individuals. METHODS: With data from 134 adults with refractory complex partial seizures participating in a randomized controlled antiepileptic drug (AED) trial, we compared the change in HRQOL across groups having different levels of change in seizure frequency: 100%, 75-99%, 50-74% reduction, and 0-50% increase or decrease. Changes over time within each seizure-reduction group also were assessed. HRQOL was measured by the QOLIE-31, QOLIE-89, and SF-36. RESULTS: Subjects who became seizure free reported significantly more positive change than those who did not on the QOLIE-31 and QOLIE-89 overall scores, the QOLIE-89 mental health, physical health, and epilepsy-targeted composites, as well as the SF-36 mental health summary score. Changes over time in overall QOLIE-31 and QOLIE-89 scores were significantly more positive for subjects who achieved seizure freedom (i.e., 100% reduction in seizure frequency) than for those who did not. No significant change in QOLIE-31 and QOLIE-89 overall scores was observed for subjects who did not achieve seizure freedom. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, HRQOL improvement occurred primarily among patients who achieved complete seizure freedom. Many AED trials use a 50% seizure-frequency reduction criterion as a trial end point, but measurable impacts of this degree of reduction in seizure frequency on HRQOL in this sample were not observed. These results further support striving for seizure freedom as an epilepsy care goal.

Adolescent↗