Biomedical subjects

Xue Xin

Publications and source records attributed to Xue Xin.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

Cigarette smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in China: the international collaborative study of cardiovascular disease in Asia.

OBJECTIVES: We estimated the prevalence of cigarette smoking and the extent of environmental tobacco smoke exposure (ETS) in the general population in China. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a nationally representative sample of 15540 Chinese adults aged 35-74 years in 2000-2001. Information on cigarette smoking was obtained by trained interviewers using a standard questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of current cigarette smoking was much higher among men (60.2%) than among women (6.9%). Among nonsmokers, 12.1% of men and 51.3% of women reported exposure to ETS at home, and 26.7% of men and 26.2% of women reported exposure to ETS in their workplaces. On the basis of our findings, 147358000 Chinese men and 15895000 Chinese women aged 35-74 years were current cigarette smokers, 8658000 men and 108402000 women were exposed to ETS at home, and 19072000 men and 55372000 women were exposed to ETS in their workplaces. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of cigarette smoking and environmental tobacco smoke exposure in the Chinese population indicates an urgent need for smoking prevention and cessation efforts.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Computing aspects of power for multiple regression.

Rules of thumb for power in multiple regression research abound. Most such rules dictate the necessary sample size, but they are based only upon the number of predictor variables, usually ignoring other critical factors necessary to compute power accurately. Other guides to power in multiple regression typically use approximate rather than precise equations for the underlying distribution; entail complex preparatory computations; require interpolation with tabular presentation formats; run only under software such as Mathmatica or SAS that may not be immediately available to the user; or are sold to the user as parts of power computation packages. In contrast, the program we offer herein is immediately downloadable at no charge, runs under Windows, is interactive, self-explanatory, flexible to fit the user's own regression problems, and is as accurate as single precision computation ordinarily permits.

Humans↗

PubMed2004

International collaborative study of cardiovascular disease in Asia: design, rationale, and preliminary results.

OBJECTIVES: The overall objective of the International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia (InterASIA) was to estimate the prevalence and distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors, including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, obesity, cigarette smoking, and physical inactivity, in the general population of both China and Thailand. METHODS AND RESULTS: A multistage cluster sampling method was used to select a nationally representative sample of 15,838 adults, aged 35-74 years, in China, and 5,350 similarly aged adults in Thailand. Data on medical history, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, physical activity, and awareness and control of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, were collected. Blood pressure, body weight and height, and hip and waist circumferences, were measured using standard methods. Fasting blood specimens were collected to measure levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and creatinine. All data were carefully collected by specially trained, experienced observers using standardized methods and a stringent level of quality control. The prevalence of self-reported cardiovascular disease in Chinese adults aged 35-74 years was 3.3% in men and 3.6% in women (representing 8,147,000 male and 8,270,000 female cases nationally). The prevalence of self-reported cardiovascular disease in Thai adults was 1.5% in men and 1.7% in women (representing 184,000 male and 226,000 female cases). CONCLUSIONS: The InterASIA study provides important information on the current prevalence and control of both cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in the region. These findings will be useful for developing national strategies to reduce the large, and increasing, burden of cardiovascular disease in China and Thailand.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Interaction effect of Serine447Stop variant of the lipoprotein lipase gene and C-514T variant of the hepatic lipase gene on serum triglyceride levels in young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study.

The opposing effects of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) Serin447Stop (S447X) polymorphism and hepatic lipase (HL) C-514T polymorphism on serum triglyceride (TG) levels have been known. However, little is known about the interaction effect of these 2 functional gene variants on serum triglyceride levels. This aspect was examined in a community-based sample of 902 whites and 389 blacks aged 18 to 41 years, using a repeated measures analysis in a mixed model. The frequency of the LPL X447 allele was higher in whites than blacks (16% v 11%, P <.05); whereas the frequency of HL T-514 allele was higher in blacks than whites (77% v 40%, P <.001). The combined genotype distribution was also different between whites and blacks (P <.001). Although the frequency of carriers of both variants was similar in whites and blacks (7% v 8%), more whites carried the LPL X447 allele only (9% v 3%), and more blacks carried the HL T-514 allele only (70% v 33%). Mean levels of TG adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) in carriers versus noncarriers of the LPL X447 allele were lower by 13.5% (P <.0001) in whites, 15.8% (P <.01) in blacks and 16.0% (P <.0001) in the total sample. No such phenotypic effect was noted with respect to HL T-514 allele either in blacks or whites, although the mean level in carriers was marginally (P =.08) higher in the total sample. The interaction effect of LPL and HL variants on TG levels was significant in the total sample (P =.016) and marginal in whites (P =.079). In the total sample, the decrease of TG in carriers versus noncarriers of the LPL X447 was 1.8-fold greater in carriers versus noncarriers of the HL T-514 allele (13.6 mg/dL v 7.4 mg/dL, P =.016). Whites tended to show a similar trend (16.8 mg/dL v 6.1 mg/dL, P =.079). Blacks also showed a similar, but nonsignificant, trend (10.4 mg/dL v 8.6 mg/dL, P =.45). These results by showing modulation of association between S447X variant of the LPL gene and serum TG by C-514T variant of the HL gene underscore the importance of gene-gene interactions in the assessment of genetic effects on complex traits.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Effect of aerobic exercise on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials.

PURPOSE: Physical activity has been associated with reduced blood pressure in observational epidemiologic studies and individual clinical trials. This meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials was conducted to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on blood pressure. DATA SOURCES: English-language articles published before September 2001. STUDY SELECTION: 54 randomized, controlled trials (2419 participants) whose intervention and control groups differed only in aerobic exercise. DATA EXTRACTION: Using a standardized protocol and data extraction form, three of the investigators independently abstracted data on study design, sample size, participant characteristics, type of intervention, follow-up duration, and treatment outcomes. DATA SYNTHESIS: In a random-effects model, data from each trial were pooled and weighted by the inverse of the total variance. Aerobic exercise was associated with a significant reduction in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (-3.84 mm Hg [95% CI, -4.97 to -2.72 mm Hg] and -2.58 mm Hg [CI, -3.35 to -1.81 mm Hg], respectively). A reduction in blood pressure was associated with aerobic exercise in hypertensive participants and normotensive participants and in overweight participants and normal-weight participants. CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic exercise reduces blood pressure in both hypertensive and normotensive persons. An increase in aerobic physical activity should be considered an important component of lifestyle modification for prevention and treatment of high blood pressure.

Adult↗