PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Xun-wu Meng

Publications and source records attributed to Xun-wu Meng.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Skeletal biomechanical properties improvement in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats of teriparatide was retarded by alendronate].

OBJECTIVE: To implore the effects of teriparatide (PTH) and alendronate (Alen) on skeletal biomechanical properties of ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporotic rats. METHODS: 70 female Wistar rats of 6 months were randomly divided into 7 groups: (1) Baseline: sacrificed at baseline; (2) OVXb: sacrificed in 6 weeks after OVX; (3) Sham operation; (4) OVXe: sacrificed 14 weeks after OVX; (5) PTH: 40 microg.kg(-1).d(-1); (6) Alen: 100 microg.kg(-1).d(-1); (7) A + P: PTH 40 microg.kg(-1).d(-1) and Alen 100 microg.kg(-1).d(-1). In group (5)-(7), different medicines were injected 5 times per week from 6th to 14th week after OVX. The cancellous biomechanical properties were measured with indentation test and the cortical properties were investigated with three-point bending test. RESULTS: (1) The can load and can stiff of distal femur of OVXb were significantly lower than those of baseline (P < 0.01). It is indicated that osteoporotic rat models with impaired bone strength were established. (2) The can load and can stiff of distal femur of PTH [(36.3 +/- 9.2) N, (160.7 +/- 48.0) N/mm(2)], Alen [(42.7 +/- 13.0) N, (122.9 +/- 35.6) N/mm(2)] and A + P [(44.3 +/- 18.2) N, (105.2 +/- 58.4) N/mm(2)] groups were all higher than those of OVXe [(19.5 +/- 8.5) N, (83.2 +/- 37.7) N/mm(2), P < 0.001 or P < 0.01]. In femoral shaft, maximal load and elastic load in PTH, Alen and A + P groups were higher than those of OVXe (P < 0.001, P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). (3) Can stiff in distal femur was higher in PTH than that in Alen and A + P groups (P < 0.05). Elastic load, maximal load and energy absorption in femoral shaft were higher in PTH and A + P groups than those in Alen group (P < 0.05), and maximal stress was higher in PTH than that in A + P and Alen group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: PTH and Alen were effective in improving the skeletal mechanical properties of OVX rats, but improvement in Alen and A + P was not so good as that in PTH group. It is indicated that anabolic effects of PTH was retarded by Alen's significant inhibition of bone turnover, therefore, PTH and Alen should not be utilized simultaneously.

Alendronate↗
PubMed2004

[Effects of different human parathyroid hormone 1-34 administration on SaoS-2 cells].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of different human parathyroid hormone 1-34 (hPTH1-34) administration on SaoS-2 cells, and explore the mechanism of bone formation improvement. METHODS: Each cycle covered 48 h. SaoS-2 cells were continuously or intermittently stimulated by 50 ng/ml hPTH1-34 for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h in each cycle. Total RNA was extracted by Trizol kit. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin or bone Gla-containing protein (BGP) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels were measured by chemical method, radioimmunoassay and competitive protein binding method, respectively. c-fos gene expression was semi-quantified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: ALP level was time-dependently increased in 1, 3 and 6 h stimulation, especially in 3 and 6 h (compared with control, P < 0.01; P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 compared with continuous stimulation). The cAMP level was time-dependently increased in 3 and 6 h incubation (P < 0.05 compared with control and continuous stimulation). Intermittent hPTH1-34 stimulation had more effects on cAMP level than continous action (P < 0.001). hPTH1-34 intermittent stimulation of 1, 3, and 6 h enhanced c-fos gene expression time-dependently. CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent hPTH1-34 stimulation has a stronger effect on osteoblast than continuous action, especially in 3, 6 h in each cycle intermittent stimulation. The synchronous responses of c-fos, ALP and cAMP to hPTH1-34 suggest that hPTH1-34 affect Saos-2 cells through cAMP dependent protein kinase A (PKA) pathway and c-fos gene paly an important role.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2004

[Bone mineral density and leptin receptor polymorphism Gln223Arg in Han women in Beijing].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and leptin receptor (LEPR) polymorphism (Gln223 Arg) in young women and postmenopausl osteoporotic women. METHODS: BMD values were determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The Gln223 Arg genotypes of LEPR were analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was evident for LEPR polymorphism. The subjects carrying the GG genotype of LEPR had significantly higher BMD at lumbar spine as compared with the subjects with GA and AA genotype in young women [(1.213 +/- 0.127) g/cm(2) vs (1.154 +/- 0.124) g/cm(2), P < 0.05]. There were no significant differences in BMD at the proximal femur among GG, GA and AA genotype in young women. No significant differences in BMD at all sites were observed among GG, GA and AA genotype in postmenopausl osteoporotic women. Correlation was found between BMD and leptin receptor polymorphism (Gln223 Arg) at lumbar spine (r = -0.151, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Leptin receptor polymorphism (Gln223 Arg) has association with peak bone mass in young women, which may be used as genetic marker in predicting the risk of developing osteoporosis in Chinese women of Han nationality.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Prospective study of pamidronate disodium in treatment of Paget's disease of bone].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of pamidronate disodium (pamidronate) in treatment of Paget's disease of bone. METHODS: Intravenous drip of pamidronate was given at the dose of 30 - 60 mg per day for 2 - 3 weeks with a total dosage of 90 - 270 (168 +/- 84) mg to 5 patients with Paget's disease of bone, 2 males and 3 females, aged 27 - 74 (61 on average) with the course of disease of 4 - 48 years (24 years on average), all of them having multiple bone lesions, 2 being in grade 4 of pain assessment and bedridden and 3 being in grade 3 with impaired mobility. Pain assessment, biochemical markers of bone turnover, including serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PICP), carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) and urinary hydroxyproline (HOP), and side effects of pamidronate were observed before treatment, by the end of treatment, and 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks after treatment. RESULTS: The Pagetic bone pain was significantly reduced by the end of treatment in all patients. The degree of pain assessment declined from grade 4 to grade 2 in 2 patients, and from grade 3 to grade 1 in 3 patients. The mobility was markedly improved without bone pain 12 weeks after treatment and relief of pain lasted for 1 year in all patients. Serum ALP, PICP, ICTP and urinary HOP concentrations were significant decrease by the end of treatment. Moreover, the mean percentage decreases for above biochemical markers at 12 and 24 weeks after treatment were 50% or over. The values of serum ALP, PICP, ICTP and urinary HOP decreased from 398 u/L (median), 818 ng/L (median), (29 +/- 14) ng/L and (71 +/- 16) mg/24 h urine respectively to 159 u/L, 129 ng/L, (12 +/- 4) ng/L and (34 +/- 7) mg/24 h urine respectively 48 weeks after treatment (all P < 0.05). Side effects, including a transient increase in body temperature, skin eruption and pruritus, and a transient increase of serum aspartate aminotransferase concentration, were negligible. CONCLUSION: Intravenous infusion of pamidronate is effective on Paget's disease of bone. Pamidronate of the dose of 90 - 270 mg administered within 2 - 3 weeks produces a year-long remission. Side effects of pamidronate are slight and transient.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Interaction effects between 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and transforming growth factor-beta1 on the proliferation and differentiation of human embryonic osteoblasts].

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the interaction effects between 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] and human transforming growth factor-beta1 (hTGF-beta1) on the proliferation and differentiation of human embryonic osteoblasts. METHODS: Human embryonic osteoblasts were cultured. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), of the concentration of 50 nmol/L, hTGF-beta1 of different concentrations (1 x 10(-8) g/L, 1 x 10(-7) g/L, 1 x 10(-6) g/L, and 1 x 10(-5) g/L), and both hTGF-beta1 of different concentrations and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) of the concentration of 50 nmol/L were added into the cultures with a stimulation time of 96 hours. 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) - 2, 5 - diphenyl - tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was added into the cultures. ELISA technique was used to measure the optical density values so as to observe cell's number and proliferation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was tested by King's method. Osteocalcin (OC) was tested by radioimmunoassay. The mRNA expression level of SMAD proteins, the key proteins of the TGF-beta signal transduction passageway, was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: MTT staining showed an absorbance of 0.086 +/- 0.022 in the 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) group, significantly lower than that of the control group (0.124 +/- 0.031, P < 0.05). The ALP activity in the culture of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) group, hTGF-beta1 groups, and combined 1,25 (OH)(2)D(3) and hTGF-beta1 groups were 1.3 - 2.0 times that of the control group (all P < 0.05). When the concentration of hTGF-beta1 is 1 x 10(-6) g/L, an interaction effect was found between 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and hTGF-beta1 on the ALP activity of human embryonic osteoblasts. The OC value in cell medium was 5.3 micro g/L +/- 1.6 micro g/L and 5.4 micro g/L +/- 0.9 micro g/L respectively in the hTGF-beta1 1 x 10(-6) g/L and 1 x 10(-5) g/L combined with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) (50 nmol/L) groups, significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), but no interaction effect was found between 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and hTGF-beta1 on the OC production. hTGF-beta1 of different concentrations and hTGF-beta1 of different concentrations combined with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) all increased the SMAD3 mRNA expression level in human embryonic osteoblasts (all P < 0.05). When the human embryonic osteoblasts were treated with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) combined with 1 x 10(-6) g/L hTGF-beta1, its SMAD3 mRNA level reached the peak, about 6-fold that of the control group. 1,25(OH)(2)VD(3) and/or hTGF-beta1 did not influenced the SMAD4 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION: 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) inhibits the proliferation of human embryonic osteoblasts and increases the expression of osteoblastic markers, such as ALP and OC, thus promoting its differentiation. An interaction effect exists between 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and hTGF-beta1 on the differentiation of human embryonic osteoblasts, which may be partly induced by SMA D(3) protein in the TGF-beta signal transduction passageway.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2003

[Evaluation of bone architecture and biomechanic properties by peripheral quantitative computed tomography in rats].

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the value of peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) in measuring bone architecture and biomechanic properties. METHODS: 50 virgin female Wistar rats six months old were randomly divided into 4 groups: (1) 8 rats were killed as baseline group; (2) 8 rats underwent sham operation and then were killed 14 weeks after (sham operation group); (3) 16 rats underwent bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) without further intervention. Six and 14 weeks after the operation each 8 rats were killed (OVX group); and (4) 18 rats underwent OVX too. After the OVX 9 of the 18 rats were treated with 17beta-estradiol 20 micro g/kg/d IH and 9 rats were treated with estradiol valerate 800 micro g/kg/d po for 8 weeks respectively. Then the 18 rats were killed (OVX plus estrogen group, O + E group). The right tibiae of the rats were taken for histomorphometric analysis, and the right femora were prepared for pQCT scanning and bone biomechanical measurement with indentation test and three-point bending test. RESULTS: Histomorphometric analysis showed that the trabecular volume of proximal tibia (Cn-BV/TV) in the OVX group was 8.1 +/- 1.4%, significantly lower than that in the sham operation group (19.5 +/- 1.5%, P < 0.01). pQCT scanning showed that the femoral trabecular bone mineral content (Trab BMC) in the OVX group was 1.7 +/- 0.3 mg/mm, significantly lower than that in the sham operation group (3.2 +/- 0.5 mg/mm, P < 0.01) and the femoral trabecular bone mineral density (Trab BMD) in the OVX group was 158 +/- 32 mg/mm(3), significantly lower than that in the sham operation group (320 +/- 39 mg/mm(3), P < 0.01). The cancellous maximal load (Can load) of the distal shaft of femur in the OVX group was 12.5 +/- 2.5 N, significantly lower than that in the sham operation group (45.9 +/- 3.2 N, P < 0.01). The cancellous stiffness (Can Stiff) of the distal shaft of femur in the OVX group was 226 +/- 48 N/mm, significantly lower than that in the sham operation group (396 +/- 72 N/mm, P < 0.01). The Can load of O + E group was 21.8 +/- 3.7 N, significantly higher than that in the OVX group (P < 0.05). The Can Stiff of the O + E group was 382 +/- 54 N/mm, significantly higher than that in the OVX group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in cortical bone determined by pQCT as well as biomechanic properties in measured by three point test after OVX and estrogen treatment. A significant positive correlation was shown between Trab BMD and Cn-TV/BV and between Trab BMD and Tb N (r = 0.88 and 0.73, both P < 0.01). Similarly, both Trab BMC and Trab BMD of the femur were significantly correlated with the Can load and Can Stiff determined by indentation test (r = 0.47 - 0.68, all P < 0.01). There was also a significant correlation of parameters measured by pQCT in cortical bone with the maximal load and stiffness for the femur midshaft, and the best correlation was found between the maximal load of femur midshaft and Crt BMC and Crt A (both r = 0.76 and P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The geometric, densitometric and mechanical properties in cortical and trabecular bones of rat can be well described by pQCT.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Association of polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor gene start codon and 3'-end region with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women].

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether vitamin D receptor(VDR) gene start codon polymorphisms and 3'-end region polymorphisms exerted a combined influence on bone mineral density(BMD) in Han postmenopausal women in Beijing area. METHODS: The VDR Fok I and 3'-end region genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 110 unrelated postmenopausal women. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine (L(2-4)), femoral neck(Neck), Ward's triangle(Ward's) and trochanter (Troch) using duel-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The frequencies distribution of Fok I, Apa I, Bsm I and Taq I alleles in this cohort all followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No significant association of Fok I, Apa I or Taq I genotype with BMD in postmenopausal women was found when these polymorphisms were considered independently, except for Bsm I genotype. When a combined analysis of VDR gene Fok I and 3'-end region polymorphisms was carried out, cross-genotyping Fok I and Apa I polymorphisms was significantly associated with BMD at the L(2-4) (P<0.001), and cross-genotype of Fok I and Taq I was also significantly associated with BMD at the Neck and Troch sites (P<0.05). However, cross-genotyping Fok I and Bsm I polymorphisms was not significantly associated with BMD. Cross-genotyping Apa I and Bsm I or Taq I polymorphisms was not associated with BMD in postmenopausal women, either. CONCLUSION: Although Fok I polymorphisms of VDR gene were not significantly associated with BMD in postmenopausal women, VDR gene Fok I and 3'-region polymorphisms (Apa I and Taq I) had a combined effect on the BMD in postmenopausal women.

3' Flanking Region↗
PubMed2003

[The effects of continuous stimulation with different doses of parathyroid hormone 1-34 fragment on human SaoS-2 cells].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of different doses of human parathyroid hormone fragment (hPTH)1-34 on SaoS cells and to explore the signal pathway and mechanism. METHODS: 5 x 10(4) cells/ml SaoS cells were seeded. Doses of 5, 50, 500 and 5 000 micro g/L hPTH1-34 were supplemented respectively. Total RNA was extracted by Trizol kit. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (BGP) and cAMP concentrations were measured by chemical, radioimmunoassay and competitive protein binding methods. c-fos gene expression level was semi-quantified by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. RESULTS: ALP activity was higher in 500 micro g/L dose (P < 0.05 vs. control). BGP level was inhibited in 5 000 micro g/L dose (P < 0.05 vs. control and pretreatment). 50 and 500 micro g/L hPTH1-34 enhanced cAMP level significantly (P < 0.05 vs. control). No obvious increase of cAMP level was found in 5 000 micro g/L and 5 micro g/L dose groups (P > 0.05 vs. control and pretreatment). c-fos expression was higher in 50 and 500 micro g/L group. CONCLUSION: Different doses of hPTH1-34 exert distinct effects on osteoblasts. hPTH1-34 affects ALP and c-fos depending on protein kinase A signal pathway. hPTH1-34 exerts its action via regulation of osteoblasts by c-fos.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2003

[Bone mineral and body composition analysis of whole body in 292 normal subjects assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry].

OBJECTIVE: To understand whole body bone mineral and body composition changes in normal subjects, and study the relationship between body composition and bone mineral. METHODS: 292 normal subjects aged 10-79 years old, including 140 males and 152 females, were selected to be measured bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD) lean and fat of whole body by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Individuals were divided into age-groups by every ten years and were analyzed by statistical methods. RESULTS: In males, peak values of BMC, BMD, lean and fat were in the 30-39, 20-39, 30-39, 70-79 age-groups. In females, they were in the 30-39, 30-39, 30-49, 50-69 age-groups respectively. Peak values of BMC, BMD and lean were higher in males than that in females, but peak value of BMD was not significantly higher in males than that in females. Peak value of fat was higher in females than that in males. Loss of BMC and BMD for females were more pronounced than that for males. Loss of lean for males was more pronounced than that for females. There are significant positive correlation between lean, weight and bone mineral in males and females. Fat has significant effect on BMC in females only. CONCLUSIONS: The normal bone mineral and body composition data of whole body for males and females, and the characteristic of changes with aging are provided for analyzing the relationship between bone mineral and body composition with ease.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2003

[Steroids hormone and bone].

Bone is an active tissue in which the processes of remodeling are continuous to ensure normal bone integrity and strength. Steroids play an important role in regulating bone growth, development and remodeling. Glucocorticoids excess will induce bone damages especially osteoporosis. Otherwise, estrogen and androgen are bone protective steroids in both female and male. To develop a new selective steroid receptor modulator is one of the targets in future study to treat osteoporosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Changes of urinary deoxypyridinoline crosslink/creatinine in rats after ovariectomy and anti-osteoporotic intervention].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of urinary deoxypyridinoline crosslink/creatinine (UDpd/Cr) in rats after OVX and intervention by estrogen and bisphosphonate and investigate the possible application of deoxypyridinoline in osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: 40 female 6-month-old virginal Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups, ovariectomized or sham ovariectomized. (1) Ovxb (n = 8): sacrificed at 6 weeks after OVX; (2) Sham (n = 8): sham ovariectomized; (3) Ovxe (n = 8): sacrificed at 14 weeks after OVX; (4) O + E (n = 9):OVX + 17 beta estradiol [20 micrograms/(kg.d) ih]; (5) O + C (n = 7):OVX + cimadronate [0.2 mg/(kg.d)]; Treatment started 6 weeks after OVX and lasted 8 weeks. Rats in group 2-5 were sacrificed at 14 weeks after OVX. Urinary and serum biochemical parameters were measured, pQCT scanning of femur, bone biomechanical test in femur were determined. RESULTS: OVX resulted in increasing of UDpd/Cr 133.3% (P < 0.01). The ratio of UCa/Cr also increased in OVX groups but without any significant compared with Sham (P > 0.05). UDpd/Cr were reduced by 54.6% and 51.8% (P < 0.01) in O + E, O + C group respectively compared with Ovxe. The significant negative correlationships were found between UDpd/Cr and bone mass, BMD and biomechanic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: UDpd/Cr ratio is a sensitive bone resorption marker, a marked changes were observed when the rats ovariectomized or treated with estradiol and cimadronate. There were best correlation between UDpd/Cr and bone mineral density and bone biomechanic characteristics. It is fair to apply UDpd/Cr ratio for osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2003

[Assessment of preoperative localization techniques for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity and usefulness of 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy (SS) and neck ultrasonography (US) as preoperative localization procedures in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). METHODS: 160 patients with proved pHPT in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from June 1983 to June 2002 were studied. There were 107 women(66.9%) and 53 men (33.1%), with a mean age of 38.9 years (10-73 years). 100 patients were underwent SS and 148 patients were underwent US prior to surgery, and the results were compared with operative and histological findings. RESULTS: The sensitivity of SS and US in localization of the enlarged parathyroid glands was 94.0% and 85.1% respectively, and the positive predictive value of SS and US was 100% and 89.1% respectively, the overall sensitivity was 98.9% by combination of SS and US. In solitary parathyroid adenomas group (n = 145), the sensitivity of SS and US was 93.3% and 84.7% respectively; There was no significant difference (P = 0.428) in sensitivity of SS between the parathyroid glands correctly identified and undetected in classical neck location as compared with ectopic parathyroid glands, whereas significantly (P = 0.026) influenced by the US sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: Different sensitivity exit between SS and VS in preoperative localization in patients with pHPT undergoing parathyroidectomy. The combined use of SS and US could increase the sensitivity of localization technique. Ectopic parathyroid had no influence on the sensitivity of 99mTc-MIBI scanning, but decreased the sensitivity of ultrasonography. The size of parathyroid tumors had effects on the sensitivity of ultrasonography. Otherwise, various conditions causing SS false negative were observed. Some interfere factors should be excluded when SS negative results were encountered in clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Precision of rat BMD measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the precision of rat bone mineral density (BMD) measurements by Norland Excellplus dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and to investigate the BMD changes in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats in vitro. METHODS: (1) The coefficients of variation (CV) for BMD measurements at various skeletal regions were repeatedly determined by DXA in 10 Wistar rats in vitro. (2) BMD in lumbar vertebra (L5) and both sides of femurs was measured in total 90 rats. And (3) changes in BMD between Ovx and sham rats were compared. RESULTS: (1) The short-term CVs of BMD measurements in different regions by DXA were as follows, 1.58% for lumbar vertebra (L5), 0.90% for left femur, and 0.86% for right femur, respectively. The long-term CVs were 2.22% for lumbar vertebra (L5), 1.09% for left femur, and 1.20% for right femur. (2) The BMD values in 90 Wistar rats were (127.5 +/- 12.3) in lumbar vertebra (L5), (82.6 +/- 11.3) in corpus vertebra (L5'), (150.7 +/- 10.6) in left femur and (149.9 +/- 10.6) mg/cm2 in right femur, respectively. The correlation coefficient of BMD measurements between left and right femurs was 0.792 (P < 0.001). (3) In Ovx group, the BMD values of corpus vertebra (L5') and distal femurs were significantly decreased, that was 10.0%-17.5% lower in comparison with sham group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of rat BMD in vitro by Norland Excellplus DXA is a useful method, and it can reflect the changes in rat bone masses with good precision.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗