Biomedical subjects

Y Adachi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Adachi.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

[Three familial patients with chronic acquired pure red cell aplasia].

It has not been reported that chronic acquired pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) occurs among family members. The authors report his at familial patients with chronic acquired PRCA, a 23-year-old male, a 54-old uncle and a 20-year-old male cousin. They had no complication sor thymoma, and hematological findings were compatible with typical chronic acquired PRCA. In the 23-year-old male, the autologous BFU-E number was suppressed by the addition of pretreatment serum, and in the his uncle, the autologous CFU-E number was suppressed by the addition of IgG fraction of plasma. In these cases, the development of PRCA was considered to be based on the autoimmune mechanism due to by the presence of serum antibodies. This suggests the possibility that genetically inherited susceptibility may also be an important factor causing chronic acquired PRCA.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Sclerosing lipogranuloma of the male genitalia: report of 2 cases--review of 72 cases reported in Japan].

Two cases of male patients (49 and 36 y.o.) with sclerosing lipogranuloma of the genitalia are reported. They denied having received any injection of exogenous substances or having suffered from any trauma. We discuss the clinical features and review previously published papers reporting similar cases. We would like to propose that sclerosing lipogranuloma that is not caused by the injection of exogenous substances should be dealt with as a new disease entity.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Longitudinal study of bronchial hyperreactivity in preschool children with bronchial asthma.

Forty asthmatic children aged 4 to 6 years performed histamine inhalation tests over 2 to 3 years. We used a previously reported method for examining bronchial hyperreactivity; measuring the transcutaneous oxygen pressure to evaluate whether bronchial hyperreactivity in younger children with bronchial asthma changed, and which potential factors affected changes in bronchial hyperreactivity. Although there was no significant relationship between the severity of asthma and respiratory threshold to histamine (RT-Hist) at the initial test, RT-Hist results in the severely asthmatic group were significantly lower than those of the remission and mild groups at the final test (P less than .01), respectively. RT-Hist significantly decreased in only the group whose asthma worsened (P less than .05). In the remission and improvement groups, RT-Hist did not improve despite their favorable clinical courses. When divided into two subgroups according to the extent of their RT-Hist, a high responder group had significantly more subjects who family histories of asthma than the low-responder group (P less than .05). There was no difference, however, in family history of allergic diseases between the two groups. We conclude that bronchial hyperreactivity in younger asthmatic children is influenced by multiple factors that may be congenital or acquired.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed1992

[Behavior therapy as a new procedure in health education--recommendation for introducing behavior science into personal health services].

Recent efforts to integrate biomedical and behavioral science perspectives and techniques have revealed the creativity and efficacy of behavioral health approaches to health enhancement and disease prevention. There are expectations that behavioral medicine and behavioral health will be significant in approaches toward changing life style, improving patient's compliance with medical advice, and in rehabilitation. Three examples of actual practice of behavioral procedures in a public health center are studied-behavior therapies for obesity and hypercholesterolemia, and prompting of patient clinic utilization behavior by a letter of introduction. The importance of proper selection of target problems, staff training is emphasized. In conclusion, it is recommended that behavioral science and its techniques of assessment and treatment are incorporated into public health activities, especially in the field of health education.

Behavior Therapy↗

PubMed1991

Phosphorylation and subcellular distribution of calpastatin in human hematopoietic system cells.

Calpastatin is an endogenous inhibitor protein acting specifically on calpain (EC 3.4.22.17; Ca2(+)-dependent cysteine proteinase). The phosphorylation of calpastatin was investigated in human hematopoietic system cell lines. Microheterogeneity of calpastatin was observed, in which 118- and 116-kDa forms were named calpastatin a and b, respectively. The phosphorylation of both calpastatins was identified in all cell lines examined and occurred mainly at serine residues with trace amounts of phosphothreonine in vivo. The incubation of cells with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate increased the incorporation of 32P-orthophosphate into calpastatin a. Two-dimensional maps of 32P-labeled phosphopeptide from both calpastatins were identical except for additional minor spots for calpastatin a. [35S]methionine-labeled calpastatins a and b were localized mainly in the cytosol, and only 6% of cellular calpastatins were detected in the membrane fraction. By contrast, more than 30% of the 32P-labeled calpastatins a and b were distributed in the membrane fraction. Thus, the phosphorylation of calpastatin may be involved in regulating the calpain-calpastatin protein kinase system by its subcellular distribution.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1991

Chromosome assembly in vitro: topoisomerase II is required for condensation.

The role of topoisomerase II (topo II) in chromosome condensation was studied in a mitotic extract derived from Xenopus eggs by specific immunodepletion. HeLa nuclei, which have a high complement of endogenous topo II, are converted to mitotic chromosomes in the topo II-depleted extract equally well as in the control. Chicken erythrocyte nuclei, however, which have a very low content of topo II, do not convert to condensed chromosomes in the depleted extract, although their condensation is normal upon addition of purified topo II. Dosage experiments support the possible notion of a structural involvement of topo II in chromosome condensation. In the topo II-depleted extract the erythrocyte nuclei progress to precondensation chromosomes, which lack the nuclear membrane-lamina complex and consist of a cluster of swollen chromatids.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Bilirubin diglucuronide as the main source for in vitro formation of delta bilirubin.

To clarify which of the bilirubin moieties is responsible for the formation of bilirubin bonded to albumin (delta bilirubin) in icteric serum, the in vitro formation of delta bilirubin from bile acid-free bilirubin glucuronides and unconjugated bilirubin was examined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Bovine serum albumin (150 mumol/liter) was mixed with equimolar bilirubin diglucuronide (BDG), bilirubin monoglucuronide (BMG), or unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) and incubated in the dark at 37 degrees C under argon gas saturation. Although no delta bilirubin was formed immediately, formation eventually occurred and increased with time. A similar amount of delta bilirubin was formed when human serum albumin was used instead of bovine serum albumin. Of the three types of bilirubin, BDG was found to be the greatest source of delta bilirubin, whereas UCB produced the least. On the other hand, photoirradiation of a mixture of bovine serum albumin and UCB at a molar ratio of 1:1 resulted 6 hr later in the formation of three times as much delta bilirubin as in nonirradiated specimens. This photoinduced delta bilirubin formation increased further when the UCB/albumin molar ratio was increased to 2:1.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Enhancement and hepatocyte-modulating effect of chemical mediators and monokines produced by hepatic macrophages in rats with induced sepsis.

We investigated the production of chemical mediators by hepatic macrophages from rats with sepsis and the modulation of hepatocyte function by these hepatic macrophages. The chemical mediators we measured were superoxide (O2-), TNF, IL-1, and PGE2. Production of these mediators by hepatic macrophages from rats with sepsis was significantly increased. Furthermore, protein synthesis by cultured hepatocytes was inhibited in a co-culture system of hepatocytes and hepatic macrophages from rats with sepsis, and it was even inhibited by the supernatant of cultured hepatic macrophages from septic rats. These results demonstrate that hepatic macrophages are activated in sepsis and may play a role in inducing hepatic dysfunction in sepsis.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Novel high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of membrane phospholipid composition of rat hepatocytes.

We have developed a new, quick and efficient method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the isolation and quantitative determination of phospholipids in hepatocyte membranes. A silica gel column was used for the isolation and determination, and an isocratic mixture of acetonitrile, methanol and 85% phosphoric acid (130:5:1.7, v/v/v) was used as a mobile phase. Six kinds of phospholipids, i.e. phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and sphinogomyelin (SPH), in this order, were completely isolated within 45 min. The phospholipid composition of sinusoidal membrane vesicles (SMV) and canalicular membrane vesicles (CMV) obtained from rat liver, as well as of human erythrocyte ghosts were determined by this HPLC method. The level of SPH in CMV was significantly higher than that in SMV, and the level of PC in CMV was significantly lower than that in SMV. These results were considered attributable to the low fluidity of CMV. The phospholipid composition of human erythrocyte membrane was different from that of rat SMV and CMV. The present technique is suitable for quantitative determination of phospholipids in cell membranes.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Uptake of bilirubin glucuronides by isolated rat hepatocytes.

The uptake of bilirubin diglucuronide (BDG) into isolated rat hepatocytes was investigated in order to characterize the mechanism by which bile pigments are transported by the liver. The BDG uptake by hepatocytes was saturable. The uptake was inhibited by bilirubin, sulfobromophthalein, and bilirubin monoglucuronide, but not by taurocholate. The uptake was not affected by replacement of sodium with other cations except for choline. Only when sodium was replaced with choline, was significant decrease in uptake observed. When chloride was replaced with nitrate, BDG uptake decreased, but it was not changed by replacement with sulfate. Metabolic inhibitors did not affect BDG uptake significantly. Thus bile pigments share a common sodium-independent and electrogenic potential-dependent transporter in liver cell membranes. A high concentration of albumin interferes with BDG uptake.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Mechanism of feminization in male patients with non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis: role of sex hormone-binding globulin.

We measured serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) using a radioimmunoassay developed by us, testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), free T and free E2 in 50 male patients with non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis (compensated: 30, decompensated; 20) and age-matched healthy male subjects, SHBG was significantly increased in patients with liver cirrhosis compared with healthy subjects. The high serum SHBG level in male compensated cirrhotic patients tended to decrease with progression to the decompensated state. Serum cholinesterase showed a positive correlation with SHBG in liver cirrhosis. Serum free T and the T/SHBG ratio decreased, while serum E2, free E2, and the E2/T and the free E2/free T ratios increased in liver cirrhosis, resulting in estrogen predominance and feminization of male patients. These changes were more marked in decompensated than compensated liver cirrhosis. An increased free E2/free T ratio was observed in patients with gynecomastia, palmar erythema or vascular spider. The T/SHBG ratio showed a positive correlation with serum free T, suggesting that it can be used as a free T index in liver cirrhosis. From these observations, it is suggested that serum SHBG plays an important role, by regulating the serum free T level in the occurrence of feminization in male patients with non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Ontogeny of thymic B cells in normal mice.

Ontogeny of thymic B cells and their surface characteristics were analyzed using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against B220 molecules (CD45, CD45R). A small number of B cells were detected in fetal thymus on Gestation Day 14 (approximately 3.5% of the low-density fraction). Similarly, the percentage of B cells in the low-density fraction was 3.2% on Gestation Day 18, and 3.5% on Day 1 after birth. These were the same level as that of adult mice. CD5+ B cells, which form the major population of thymic B cells, were also found in the fetal life (0.5% on Day 14 and 2.2% on Day 16 in the low-density cells). The percentage of CD5+ B cells in B cell-enriched fraction was about 65% on Day 1 after birth, which is the same level as that in adult mice. These results indicate that a small number of B cells or cells in the B-cell lineage are present in the fetal thymus and also suggest the importance of these thymic B cells in the negative selection of T cells during early developmental stages.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Enhancement of hepatic macrophages in septic rats and their inhibitory effect on hepatocyte function.

In the present study, the function of hepatic macrophages and the modulation of hepatocytes by sepsis-elicited hepatic macrophages were investigated in rats with induced sepsis. The functional state of hepatic macrophages was determined by the following indicators: phagocytic index, protein-synthesizing capacity, and superoxide (O2-) producing capacity. These indices of changes in hepatic macrophages were much higher in rats with sepsis than in healthy controls. Moreover, the activated hepatic macrophages had some biological properties which were different from those of the resident Kupffer cells. It was found that protein synthesis by cultured hepatocytes was inhibited in the co-culture system of hepatocytes and sepsis-elicited hepatic macrophages, and that the supernatant of hepatic macrophages from rats with sepsis also reduced the protein-synthesizing capacity of cultured hepatocytes. Thus, activated hepatic macrophages may play a role in inducing hepatic dysfunction in sepsis.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

ATP-dependent taurocholate transport by rat liver canalicular membrane vesicles.

We conducted an experimental study to examine the possibility that ATP is involved in the mechanism by which bile acids are excreted through the liver canalicular membrane in opposing the concentration gradient. Canalicular membrane vesicles were purified from the livers of Sprague-Dawley rats, and the uptake of tritiated sodium taurocholate into canalicular membrane vesicles was determined by rapid filtration technique. Vesicle-associated sodium taurocholate was increased in the presence of ATP and ATP-regenerating system. This was also observed at a voltage-clamped condition. ATP-dependent uptake into the osmotically reactive intravesicular space was saturated with increasing concentrations of sodium taurocholate (Km = 47 mumol/L, Vmax = 270 pmoles/mg protein.20s). ATP-dependent uptake increased to the point of saturation when the sodium taurocholate concentration was 50 mumol/L and the ATP concentration was increased from 0 to 1 mmol/L (Km = 64 mumol/L). Among the several nucleotides used, ATP was a potent stimulator of transport, whereas a nonhydrolyzable analogue (i.e., adenosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imino]triphosphate) showed no effect. In addition, ATP-dependent transport was inhibited by vanadate in a dose-dependent manner. From these results it was concluded that the primary active transport of sodium taurocholate is present in hepatocellular canalicular membranes. This transport is directly dependent on ATP, and hydrolysis of gamma-phosphate of ATP is required.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1991

Primary seminoma of the seminal vesicle: report of a case.

We report on the clinical and histological findings of a primary extragonadal germ cell tumor that was proved to be a seminoma of the seminal vesicle. The patient had left ureteral obstruction at diagnosis. The testes were normal on physical and ultrasound examination, and the retroperitoneum was free of tumor. There was no recurrence 8 months postoperatively.

Dysgerminoma↗

PubMed1991

Characterization of B cells in human thymus.

The surface characteristics of B cells present in the human thymus were investigated. Cytofluorometrical and immunohistological studies, using anti-human IgM or anti-B cell monoclonal antibodies (mAbs; anti-Leu 12Ab, anti-Leu 16Ab, or L26), revealed that a small number of B cells are present in the human thymus. The thymic B cells were detected only in a low-density cell population, whereas in a high-density cell fraction, only T cells were found. In 15 cases, all of which the thymi were histologically normal, the percentages of B cells in the low-density fraction were 0.28% to 50% (6.8% in average), and Leu 1+ (CD5+) B cells in the low-density fraction were 0.1% to 26% (3.5% in average); approximately 50% of the thymic B cells were Leu 1+ B cells. These results indicate that B cells, especially Leu 1 (CD5)+ B cells, are also present in the human thymus, as suggested from our previous reports on mice.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Evidence for heterogeneous groups of neuronal differentiation of Ewing's sarcoma.

We have investigated the capability of differentiation of Ewing's sarcoma (ES) towards a neuronal direction through the establishment of four extraosseous ES cell lines and by in vitro stimulation with dibutyryladenosine cyclic monophosphate (db-cAMP) of eight ES lines. All except one of the lines expressed the molecule defined by 5C11, the antibody specifically reactive with ES. Two ES lines expressed a 200 kilodalton (kD) neurofilament protein (NFP) although their original tumours were negative for NFP. Elongation of cytoplasmic processes and increased NFP expression were observed after db-cAMP treatment of these lines and microtubules in the cytoplasmic processes were ultrastructurally demonstrated. Six lines were NFP negative, but three lines changed their morphology after induction of 200 kD NFP expression by db-cAMP treatment. The other three showed no definitive differentiation after db-cAMP treatment. Chromosomal analysis of the new ES lines showed the typical t(11;22) in one line and a +der(22) in two lines. No correlation was observed between the chromosomal abnormality and the differentiation capability. We conclude that ES is a heterogeneous group of tumours with respect to capability of differentiation into the neuronal lineage, but it is clearly distinguished from peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumours by its 5C11 reactivity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Association of hiatus hernia with postero-lateral diaphragmatic hernia (Bochdalek's hernia).

A boy with hiatus hernia following the repair of the left postero-lateral diaphragmatic hernia (Bochdalek's hernia) was reported. At the age of one month, the repair of Bochdalek hernia was performed with transabdominal approach. At that time the stomach was located in the normal position. Eight days after the repair he developed vomiting and hiatus hernia was revealed by barium esophagram. Antireflux surgery was required because there was no response to the conservative management for two months. Esophageal pH study and manometric study were very useful for the diagnosis of hiatus hernia or GER and the evaluation of antireflux surgery.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗