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Biomedical subjects

Y Akiya

Publications and source records attributed to Y Akiya.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

The usefulness of conducting investigations on intra-abdominal bacterial contamination in digestive tract operations.

A bacteriological study of 108 cases of gastrointestinal surgery was conducted by analyzing intra-abdominal bacterial contamination (IABC) and postoperative surgical site infections (SSI). We utilized an anaerobic porter to detect intra-abdominal bacterial infection and transport bacteria to the laboratory. The positive IABC rate was 42.9% for gastric cancer surgery, 22.6% for biliary tract surgery, and 85.7% for colorectal cancer surgery. Most cases of SSI were IABC-positive, and isolated bacterial species from the SSI were similar to those from the IABC. In colorectal cancer surgery, a preoperative chemical intestinal preparation and the prophylactic use of antibiotics had a major influence on the sensitivity of bacteria isolated from the SSI. These data suggest that prophylactic antibiotics should be chosen from among those to which bacteria from the IABC are highly sensitive, and that therapeutic antibiotics should be chosen from among those to which bacteria isolated from the SSI are highly sensitive. Finally, the exploration of IABC enables us to predict the incidence of SSI.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism in sheep.

Using polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing followed by immunoblotting with anti-human apolipoprotein E (APO E) antibody, the genetic polymorphism of APO E was determined from desialylated plasma of 554 unrelated adults of four European sheep (Suffolk, Corriedale, Cheviot, and Finnish Landrace) and five Asian local sheep (Bhyanglung, Baruwal, Kagi, Lampuchhre, and Vietnamese). Twenty phenotypes consisting of the homozygous and heterozygous combinations of two APO E variants within the seven variants (E1-E7) detected were identified. Family and population data supported the hypothesis that the phenotypes are controlled by seven codominant alleles, designated APOE1 to APOE7, at a single autosomal locus. The common alleles, APOE4, APOE5, and APOE7 were observed at mean frequencies of 0.5763, 0.1471, and 0.1921 in the European sheep group and 0.4920, 0.1123, and 0.2995 in the Asian local sheep group, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Increases in pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac output due to the inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis during operative stress.

Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), cardiac output (CO), and urinary nitrate, a stable endproduct of nitric oxide (NO), were measured pre- and postoperatively in eight patients who underwent esophagectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus. A significant elevation of PAP and CO on the day of operation (POD 0) was accompanied by a low concentration of urinary nitrate. A reduction in PAP and CO, and an increase in nitrate to the preoperative levels, were found on PODs 2 and 3, respectively, but urinary nitrate decreased again after POD 3. Consequently, the changes in PAP and CO were closely correlated with the nitrate concentration. These results suggest that operative stress inhibited NO synthesis with a transitory induction of endogenous NO synthesis postoperatively.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Sex differences in respiratory and cardiovascular effects of beta-endorphin.

An attempt was made to determine sex differences in the effects of beta-endorphin (beta-EP) on respiratory and cardiovascular systems using Wistar rats. By the intracerebroventricular administration of beta-EP (0.18 mg/kg) to normal male and female rats, respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) were depressed significantly (p < 0.01 or 0.001) and CO2 in expired gas increased significantly (p < 0.01). These suppressive effects of the peptide were transiently blocked by the intravenous injection of naloxone (0.2 mg/kg). No differences in the effects of beta-EP between estrous and diestrous female rats could be detected. The effects of the peptide were significantly stronger in RR, HR and MABP for females than for males (0.001 < p < 0.05). Testectomized rats showed suppressive effects of the peptide to the same extent as intact females, but the effects in ovariectomized rats did not differ from those for intact females. In testectomized and ovariectomized rats treated with testosterone, the former showed the same results as intact males, but not the latter. The suppressive effects of beta-EP on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are thus remarkably relieved by androgen in male rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Beta-endorphin secretion at the time of sudden death due to cardiac or respiratory failure.

Using male and female Wistar rats, pituitary response to cardiac and respiratory failure type (CFT and RFT) sudden death caused by the intravenous administration of KC1 and SCC, respectively, was examined by analyzing variation in pituitary immunoreactive beta-endorphin (IR-beta-EP) levels determined by radioimmunoassay after death and in circulating IR-beta-EP levels during periods of agony. In the pituitary gland of both sexes which differed significantly in ratio of the organ weight to body weight for CFT and RFT (CFT greater than RFT), IR-beta-EP was significantly less in RFT than in CFT (p less than 0.05). No variation in plasma IR-beta-EP was noted during short periods of agony in CFT, but it markedly increased during long periods of agony in RFT. The highest elevation at 2 or 4 minutes after SCC administration was about 3 times the preadministration value for IR-beta-EP in males (p less than 0.01). But elevation in females was lower than in males. Rise plasma IR-beta-EP during agony of RFT is regarded to be of pituitary origin due to dexamethasone treatment. The pituitary was thus concluded to respond more to the fatal agony in RFT than in CFT.

Animals↗