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Biomedical subjects

Y Atalay

Publications and source records attributed to Y Atalay.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Cerebrospinal fluid and serum nitric oxide levels in asphyxiated newborns.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the result of a chain of events caused mainly by cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) release, which is later on followed by free oxygen radical injury. To investigate NO involvement in asphyxiated newborns, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) values of NO levels in 17 neonates with HIE were detected. Infants at or above 37 weeks of gestation were classified to have mild, moderate and severe HIE due to Sarnat and Sarnat. Samples obtained between 24 and 72 h of life were immediately frozen at -70 degrees C till the time of measurement by Sievers NOA. Five patients had mild, 6 patients had moderate and 6 patients had severe HIE, 4 in the severe HIE group also had multisystem involvement. The CSF NO levels were significantly higher in moderate and severe HIE groups compared to the mild HIE group (p = 0.028 and p = 0.018 respectively). Our results show that NO level increases in CSF with the severity of HIE between 24 and 72 h following asphyxia. According to the animal work, this is the time period where inducible NO synthase gets activated and could cause neurotoxicity, which might perhaps be prevented by interventions.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1998

Role of excitatory aminoacids in neonatal hypoglycemia.

BACKGROUND: In many neurological disorders, injury to neurons may be due in part to overstimulation of the receptors for the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate. The same excitotoxic mechanism and high aspartate levels in experimental studies led to this study of the concentrations of glutamate and aspartate and zinc, copper, and magnesium levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of hypoglycemic newborns. METHODS: Aspartate and glutamate were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and magnesium, zinc and copper by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. RESULTS: The CSF levels of aspartate (3.98 +/- 1.77 mumol/L) and glutamate (1.7 +/- 1.05 mumol/L) in 20 hypoglycemic newborns were significantly higher when compared with the values of aspartate (2.19 +/- 0.6 mumol/L) and glutamate (0.77 +/- 0.34 mumol/L) of 10 control newborns. In the hypoglycemic patients, the concentration of zinc (0.57 +/- 0.13 microgram/mL), but not copper (0.39 +/- 0.40 microgram/mL) was significantly lower when compared with the control values. There was no difference in the magnesium levels between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The higher levels of excitatory amino acids found in the CSF of hypoglycemic infants than in controls were consistent with previous animal studies, which may indicate the role of excitatory amino acids in the late biochemical effects of hypoglycemia in newborn brain metabolism.

Aspartic Acid↗
PubMed1998

D2 receptor imaging with iodine-123-iodobenzamide brain SPECT in infants with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the striatal dopamine D2 receptor density in infants with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) using 123I-iodobenzamide (IBZM) brain SPECT and to correlate the findings with the severity of HIBI and neurologic outcome. METHODS: Twenty infants who were diagnosed to have perinatal HIBI were included in this study. They were classified as having mild (n = 6), moderate (n = 10) or severe (n = 4) HIBI according to their neurologic findings at birth using the criteria of Sarnat and Sarnat. Neurologic outcome of these infants was determined by serial neurologic examinations and the Denver developmental screening test; 10 infants recovered without any deficit and the remaining 10 were affected to a degree varying from motor impairment to cerebral palsy. All 20 infants were examined using 123I-IBZM brain SPECT at age 7.8 +/- 2.3 mo. Transaxial slices were obtained 2 hr after intravenous injection of 300 micro ci (11.1 MBq) 123I-IBZM and the activity ratios of striatal to occipital cortex (ST/OC) were calculated. RESULTS: The mean ST/OC ratios in patients with mild, moderate and severe HIBI (1.219 +/- 0.078, 1.097 +/- 0.069 and 0.813 +/- 0.140, respectively) were significantly different from each other (p = 0.001). The infants who recovered from HIBI without any neurologic sequelae had higher mean ST/OC ratios than the others (1.184 +/- 0.010 versus 0.969 +/- 0.160, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that in infants with HIBI, striatal D2 receptor density decreases as the severity of injury increases. The D2 receptor density is higher in infants who recover without neurologic deficits compared to those who are affected neurologically. Dopamine D2 receptor imaging can be used to assess the severity of HIBI in children.

Benzamides↗
PubMed1997

Biochemical alterations in neonatal hypoxic ischaemic brain damage.

Asphyxiated (n = 39) and control (n = 23) were elected for the study. Free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation, prostaglandin E2 and vitamin E levels were studied and the degree of hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy was determined in each case. In the hypoxic group the concentration of prostaglandin E2 activity (P < 0.05) and malondialdehyde levels (P < 0.01) were significantly higher when compared to that of controls. The high vitamin E concentrations in the asphyxiated infants supports the role of oxygen free radicals in hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy of newborns.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1997

Imipenem for treatment of relapsing Salmonella meningitis in a newborn infant.

Salmonella meningitis is a rare clinical entity that occurs mainly during early infancy. Treatment of Salmonella infections may be complicated by the bacteria's growing resistance to clinically important antimicrobial agents, especially third-generation cephalosporins. A report is presented of a newborn infant with Salmonella meningitis who relapsed after 4 weeks of cefotaxime treatment and was cured completely with imipenem cilastatin therapy.

Cephalosporin Resistance↗
PubMed1997

Ictal and interictal SPECT in a newborn infant with intractable seizure.

Neonatal seizures can be difficult to classify according to partial vs generalized onset based on clinical appearance, electroencephalogram (EEG) or other adjunctive imaging techniques. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has proven to be useful in adults; however, its use is limited in the paediatric age group, particularly in neonates. A case of a 12-d-old infant with intractable seizures is reported, on whom an interictal Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT showed an area of hypoperfusion in the left temporal cortex, whereas the ictal SPECT revealed prominent hyperperfusion in the same area. The EEG of the infant demonstrated generalized epileptiform activity, while computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings were normal. This case indicates that the use of SPECT may provide valuable data in evaluation of neonatal seizures, particularly with poorly localized EEG changes and normal MRI scans.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1989

Oral plasma zinc tolerance test in patients with protein energy malnutrition.

Zinc absorption was measured in 37 children with malnutrition using the oral zinc tolerance test (22.5 mg elementary zinc) and the results compared with those of a group of healthy control subjects. The increase in plasma zinc was significantly lower in patients with marasmic kwashiorkor than in the control group. The zinc tolerance test was, however, normal in marasmic patients. We conclude that zinc deficiency occurs in some types of protein energy malnutrition, and that malabsorption may aggravate zinc deficiency. It is reasonable to give higher doses of zinc than are usually recommended during oral zinc supplementation in patients with protein energy malnutrition.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal ovarian cyst associated with intestinal obstruction.

Cystic and solid tumors of the ovary are rare during the newborn period and infancy. We present the case of a term female infant born to a mother with 24 years of age and found to have a cystic abdominal mass through prenatal sonographic evaluation in the third trimester. The cyst was also demonstrated by postnatal abdominal ultrasonography. Because of the clinical and radiological findings of intestinal obstruction, laparatomy was performed at the age of three days and a cyst of 10' 8' 8 cm was found in the right ovary. Pathological examination of cyst revealed a teach-lutein cyst.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum carnitine levels in newborns with perinatal asphyxia and relation to neurologic prognosis.

Neonatal hypoxic encephalopathy is one of the major causes of permanent neurological sequel. This study was conducted to investigate serum total, free and acylcarnitine levels in asphyxiated newborns with or without encephalopathy. Serum total, free and acylcarnitine levels were investigated in 21 newborns with and seven asphyxiated newborns without signs of encephalopathy. The newborns with encephalopathy were further divided into grade 1, 2 and 3 encephalopathy groups. Serum total and acylcarnitine concentrations of the whole encephalopathy group were significantly lower than the non-encephalopathy group (p = 0.042 for both). Serum total and acylcarnitine concentrations of grade 3 encephalopathy group were significantly lower than the non-encephalopathy group (p = 0.014 and p = 0.040, respectively). No significant differences were noticed for free carnitine levels. Total carnitine levels were positively correlated with birth weight and 10th minute apgar score, whereas acylcarnitine levels were found to correlate with cord blood pH and free carnitine levels with birth weight. Cord blood pH, and total carnitine levels were found to be the most significant determinants of the neurological outcome at one year of age. It was emphasized that carnitine deficiency could occur in severely affected asphyxiated newborns and it is related to the outcome at one year of age.

Apgar Score↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationships between levels of leptin and hematological parameters in healthy term infants.

In order to evaluate the role of leptin in neonatal hematological parameters, we studied the serum concentrations of leptin in relation to blood hemoglobin, leukocyte and platelet values in 30 healthy term infants. We also studied the serum concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in relation to leptin concentrations. The mean concentrations of leptin, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were 1.63 +/- 1.09, 24.65 +/- 10.04 and 976.05 +/- 214.50, respectively, at birth. A positive correlation was observed between leptin concentrations and birth weights of the infants. As no relationship could be found between concentrations of leptin and blood hemoglobin, leukocyte and platelet values, we could not determine any involvement of leptin in the regulation of physiologial hemoglobin, leukocyte and platelet concentrations at birth.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3 in relation to hemoglobin concentration in healthy term infants.

In order to evaluate the role of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in the maintenance of blood Hb concentration in infants, we studied the serum concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in relation to blood hemoglobin values in 25 healthy term infants at birth and two months of age. The mean concentration of IGF-I was 18.6+/-7.1 ng/ml and IGFBP-3 was 1240+/-498 ng/ml at birth. Positive correlation was observed between the blood Hb concentrations and both IGF-I (r = 0.56, p = 0.004) and IGFBP-3 levels (r = 0.38, p = 0.04) at the first examination. Our results show that blood Hb is positively correlated to serum IGF-I levels indicating indirectly the involvement of mediators of growth hormone in the regulation of physiologic Hb concentrations at birth. As no relationship was found between IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and Hb levels at the second examination, the same association could not be demonstrated at two months of age.

Female↗