Biomedical subjects

Y B Edrees

Publications and source records attributed to Y B Edrees.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1991

Morphology and growth of the fetal stomach.

To assess the development of the fetal stomach, we performed 162 esophageal injections of contrast media into spontaneously aborted normal fetuses from 7.5 to 26 weeks of gestation. The length of esophagus and trunk, greater and lesser curvature, and vertical and oblique axis of stomach were measured, and the means and standard deviations at each gestational age were calculated. The most frequently encountered patterns of stomach shape were: the standard shape, 90%; steerhorn, 3%; and horizontal stomach, 2%. The final shape of the stomach is not assumed at least until the the age of 22 weeks. Regarding the growth of stomach, with age, the greater curvature grew at a much faster rate than the lesser curvature, and the distance between skin and outer border of the stomach increased. The oblique axis of the stomach did not rotate after eight weeks; gastric surface area showed the fastest growth after 14 weeks. The gastroesophageal junction cephalad relative to the trunk ascended through week 25, due to the differential growth of the trunk and esophagus.

Contrast Media↗

PubMed1990

Surgical control of obstetric hemorrhage: hypogastric artery ligation or hysterectomy?

Sixty-four patients with severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) required surgical intervention during the years 1983 to 1987. Bilateral hypogastric artery ligation (HAL) was the initial surgical approach in 45% (29/64) and hysterectomy in 55% (35/64). HAL successfully controlled hemorrhage in 65% (19/29), and failed in 35% (10/29) where hysterectomy was required as a life saving procedure. Failure of HAL was more evident in atonic PPH than in other situations. Complications were more following hysterectomy; six (6/45) patients required re-exploration for intraperitoneal hemorrhage and two (2/45) patients died following hysterectomy. HAL was found to be a relatively easy, safe and successful procedure to be attempted as an initial surgical approach for all severe PPH, specially where uterine conservation was desired.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Fetal necrogram: a new technique. Experience with 12,000 contrast examinations.

The authors describe a new technique "necrogram" for post-mortem fetal investigations that uses ionic contrast media and employs the principles of diffusion and osmosis for clearing the fetus from contrast injection. It was possible to perform subsequent contrast examinations without the problem of overlapping structures. The study was conducted on 1,500 fetuses with more than 12,000 contrast examinations performed, followed by autopsy. In a sample of 250 fetuses undergoing 2,135 contrast examinations, similar results were obtained from necrogram and autopsy in 79% of the fetuses examined. Details are given of the 21% of the studies in which discrepancies were noted between necrogram and autopsy. The result showed that necrogram was comparable to autopsy and that luminal anatomy can be best visualized by necrogram, a laborious and almost impossible task in autopsy. It was apparent that post-mortem diagnostic precision can only be obtained by employing both necrogram and autopsy, one for visualization of the inner and the other for the outer appearance of the organs.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗

PubMed1988

Dose-response aggregometry in maternal/neonatal platelets.

The aggregation of platelets collected from maternal/neonatal pairs (n = 240) at the time of childbirth, was studied in response to multiple doses of ADP, collagen, arachidonic acid and ristocetin. Similar responses were obtained from healthy nonpregnant adult controls for comparison. The lag phase, slope of the aggregation curves as well as maximum aggregation (MA%) were recorded and analysed. Neonatal and adult platelets exhibited more enhanced responses to decreasing doses of ADP, arachidonic acid and ristocetin, than maternal platelets. These enhanced responses were exhibited more consistently in the slopes of the aggregation curves than in MA%. Although neonatal platelets have shown longer lag phase in their responses to collagen, the rate of the aggregation reaction was significantly faster than maternal platelets, with no differences in MA%. These results contradict many previous reports suggesting impaired aggregation responses of neonatal platelets to these agonist. The possible reasons for these contradictions were discussed.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗

PubMed1988

Epidemiologic study of gestational trophoblastic diseases in Saudi Arabia.

The role of cultural and socioeconomic diversities (that is, marriage, conceptions at the extremes of reproductive life, consanguinity, economic affluence and such) were analyzed for significance in the epidemiologic study of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) in Saudi Arabia. For the study period, the incidence of hydatidiform mole remained unchanged at a mean of one in 448 pregnancies and one in 6,130 for its malignant counterpart. In the instance of molar pregnancies, the youngest (less than 20 years of age) and the oldest (more than 40 years of age) had significantly higher than expected incidence; in contrast, in malignant GTD, the trend was for a higher than expected frequency for the older age group only (more than 40 years of age). Consanguinity showed no significant epidemiologic role.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMed1987

Cesarean section; changing patterns in Saudi Arabia.

Analysis of 8000 cesarean births in the Maternity and Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia documents an increase in the cesarean section (CS) rate from 3.9% in 1979 to 9.9% in 1984. This increase is mainly attributed to indications such as repeat section (37.2%) and fetal distress (28.5%). Increase in the diagnosis of fetal distress was related to the introduction of electronic fetal monitoring and this diagnosis was not substantiated by Apgar score of the neonate. Because of the social preference for large families in Saudi Arabia, over-use of cesarean section should be avoided. For this reason, critical analysis of fetal distress and adequate trial of labor for patients with previous cesarean section is mandatory.

Apgar Score↗

PubMed1987

Trend in breech delivery in Saudi Arabia.

An analysis of 2,168 consecutive singleton breech deliveries showed significant improvement in neonatal mortality and morbidity rates for babies delivered by Caesarean section (CS) compared with vaginal delivery (p less than 0.001). The CS rate was 19%. The uncorrected perinatal mortality (PNM) rate was 90.4/1,000 which was 2.5 times higher than the overall hospital PNM rate. In the vaginal delivery group the neonatal death (NND) rate of 206/1,000 among low birth-weight infants (less than 2,500 g) was significantly higher than that of 18/1,000 among babies of greater than 2,500 g (p greater than 0.001). There was no significant difference in the NND rate between these 2 birth-weight groups delivered by CS (p greater than 0.3). Social conservatism, large family size and limited neonatal care facilities were deterrents to an increase in the Caesarean section rate.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Intracervical application of prostaglandin E2 tablets for elective induction of labor in grand multiparae: a prospective controlled study.

In a prospective and controlled study labor was induced electively in 150 grand multiparae (GM) between 38 and 42 wk gestation by intracervical application of PGE2 tablets (induction group). Another 150 GM who went into labor spontaneously served as controls for comparison of labor characteristics and outcome (control group). In the induction group labor was successfully induced in 147 GM (98.0%), of whom 142 (96.5%) delivered vaginally. The mean duration of the active phase of labor was 2.1 +/- 0.79 h in GM who delivered on the first day of induction and 2.8 +/- 0.47 h in women who delivered on the second day, as compared to 4.7 +/- 2.2 h in the controls. Similarly, the mean duration of the second and third stage was longer in the controls. Operative deliveries were 2--3-times more frequent among controls, as were complications in the second and third stages. The group profiles of the I.U.P. charts indicating rise time, fall time, amplitude and Montevideo units at different stages of cervical dilatation showed significant differences at 4-5 cm dilatation only between the two groups of women. It is concluded that elective induction in GM between 38 and 42 wk is safe for mother and fetus.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

The pattern of female genital tuberculosis in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

An analysis of 40 patients with genital tuberculosis in the Maternity and Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, showed that female genital tuberculosis occurred in 0.45% of all gynaecological admissions, a much higher rate than those reported from Western countries with a similar economic background. These 40 women accounted for 4.2% of a total of 945 infertile women studied during the same period, and where infertility was due to a tubal factor, 1 in 7 was afflicted with tuberculosis. Most patients were young nulliparae and in 13 the disease was florid. Complete cure was achieved with chemotherapy in 77% of the patients, but tubal patency was restored in only five of 35 patients followed up (14%). There were only two tubal pregnancies and no intrauterine pregnancy. Genital tuberculosis should be considered as a possible cause of infertility and excluded before embarking upon tubal surgery or ovulation-induction therapy.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Horseshoe lung with multiple congenital anomalies. Case report and review of the literature.

A detailed radiologic and anatomic study of a 20-week-old fetus is presented. In addition to conventional radiography, various contrast medium injection techniques were used. The findings were followed up at autopsy. The fetus showed multiple congenital abnormalities comprising phocomelia, horseshoe lung, horseshoe kidney, urethral stenosis with megacystis, bilateral hydronephrosis, hydroureters, imperforate anus, and a single tracheo-esophageal tube (persistent esophago-trachea). The association of horseshoe lung with persistent esophago-trachea, microurethra, megacystis, bilateral hydroureters, hydronephrosis and phocomelia is, we believe, the first ever to have been recorded in the literature. Twenty-one cases of horseshoe lung have been reported in the literature. These cases were reviewed and a comparison with the present case is presented. The embryologic basis for these anomalies is also briefly discussed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Myelographic study of the spinal cord ascent during fetal development.

To assess the length of the spinal cord relative to the vertebral column during fetal development, we performed translumbar myelograms on 340 spontaneously aborted fetuses. Of these, 146 were selected for study. There were 76 males and 70 females, with fetal age ranging from 7 to 33 weeks. Significant variation in the level of spinal cord termination was found in fetuses between 12 and 25 weeks gestational age. In fetuses between 25 and 33 weeks gestational age, the cord ended at or above the third lumbar vertebra.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗