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Biomedical subjects

Y Bando

Publications and source records attributed to Y Bando.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[A case of pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) type II associated with Bartter's syndrome--restoration of phosphaturic response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) by treatment for hypopotassemia].

We report a case of PHP Type II whose phosphaturic response to PTH was restored by treatment for complicated Bartter's syndrome. A 34-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital in July 1990 because of tetanic convulsion. The physical examination showed normal blood pressure (118/62mmHg), round face without shortness of metacarpal bones and positive Trousseau's sign. Although renal function was normal, hypocalcemia (6.5mg/dl) and hyperphosphatemia (4.8mg/dl) in association with high levels of serum PTH (942pg/ml) and 1.25 (OH)2D3 (86pg/ml) were disclosed. Ellsworth-Howard test revealed that there was no increase in the urinary secretion of phosphate despite an increase in urinary cAMP excretion. On the other hand, hypopotassemia (2.5mEq/l) and metabolic alkalosis with high plasma renin activity (22.8ng/ml/hr) and aldosterone concentration (22.7ng/dl) were coexistent. Pressor response to angiotensin II infusion was blunted. Although no glomeruli were obtained by renal biopsy specimen, vacuolar degeneration on proximal tubules were noted. These findings indicated that she had PHP Type II associated with Bartter's syndrome. By administration of potassium (24mEq/day), spironolactone (50mg/day) and only small doses of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (0.5mg/day), serum levels of potassium as well as calcium were normalized and tetanic attacks disappeared. In March 1991, she was re-examined by Ellsworth-Howard test in order to clarify the effects of hypopotassemia on renal tubular response to PTH. Interestingly, phosphaturic response to PTH was restored, and the degree of increase in urinary cAMP excretion was 4 times as high as that on the first admission. These results suggest that hypopotassemia changes the response of renal proximal tubular cells to PTH, particularly such as reabsorption of phosphate and cAMP response, although it is possible that hypocalcemia may contribute to the blunted phosphaturic response to PTH. The mechanism of hypocalcemia seen in this case remains to be elucidated.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Differences in ceramic-bone interface between surface-active ceramics and resorbable ceramics: a study by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

The interface between bioactive ceramics and bone was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The materials were apatite-wollastonite-containing glass ceramic (A-W.GC) as a representative surface-active ceramic, and calcite and beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) as resorbable ceramics. Particles of these materials, ranging between about 100 microns and 300 microns in diameter, were implanted into rat tibiae, and specimens were prepared for observation at 8 weeks after implantation. Both SEM and TEM demonstrated that A-W.GC was bonded to bone through a thin Ca-P-rich layer consisting of fine apatite crystals apparently different from those of bone in shape, size, and orientation. Collagen fibers of the bone reached the surface of this layer, and chemical bonding between A-W.GC and the bone was speculated. Calcite and beta-TCP, on the other hand, made direct contact with the bone, and no apatite layer was present at the interface. The surfaces of the implants became rough due to degradation, and bone grew into the finest surface irregularities. However, we were unable to demonstrate any continuity of crystals between the resorbable implants and bone by high-resolution TEM. Accordingly, the bonding strength was considered to be mainly attributable to mechanical interlocking.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A comparative study of ultrastructures of the interfaces between four kinds of surface-active ceramic and bone.

The interfaces between four kinds of surface-active ceramic and bone were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using undecalcified specimens. The materials were Bioglass-type glass (Bioglass), Ceravital-type glass-ceramic (KGS), apatite- and wollastonite-containing glass-ceramic (A-W.GC) and hydroxyapatite (HA). Particles of these materials, ranging between about 100 and 300 microns in diameter, were implanted into rat tibiae, and specimens were prepared for observation at 8 weeks after implantation. All materials were observed to bond to bone through a collagen-free layer consisting of fine apatite crystals distinct from those in bone. The crystals of this apatite layer and those of bone were intermingled at their interface, suggesting chemical bonding. In Bioglass, which had only a glassy phase, several tens of microns of the material surface had changed to such an apatite layer. In KGS and A-W.GC, which had macrocrystals in the glassy phase, an intervening apatite layer about 0.5 micron thick was observed between the materials and bone. Furthermore, fine apatite crystals were also observed among the macrocrystals near the surface of the materials. In HA, which had no glassy phase, an intervening apatite layer was much less distinct and sometimes absent. These differences were considered to be attributable to the differences in chemical composition, crystallization, and solubility of the materials.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

An immunodominant haptenic epitope of carbamazepine detected in serum from patients given long-term treatment with carbamazepine without allergic reaction.

An anticarbamazepine antibody was detected in the serum of a patient with severe carbamazepine-induced serum sickness. We found that the patient's T cells and IgG antibody recognized an epitope which appeared in subjects showing an allergic reaction, as well as that in subjects who showed no allergic reaction, after long-term carbamazepine therapy. These results show that an anti-carbamazepine immune response does not occur in the majority of subjects who undergo long-term carbamazepine therapy without developing allergic symptoms, although the immunodominant haptenic epitope of carbamazepine is present in their sera.

Carbamazepine↗
PubMed1992

Interleukin-1: the principal osteolytic cytokine produced by keratocysts.

Fragments of keratocysts removed at operation were maintained in explant culture and the media were assayed for the biological activity of the potent osteolytic cytokines--interleukin (IL)-1, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Media were also assayed for their ability to stimulate bone resorption. All six cysts examined released IL-1 and IL-6 bioactivity but TNF bioactivity was unmeasurable. Dialysed cyst media stimulated bone resorption and this could be completely inhibited by a monospecific antibody which neutralized IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta. Immunohistochemical staining of cryostat sections of keratocysts revealed the presence of IL-1 alpha and IL-6 in cyst epithelial cells but not in other cell types. Sections did not react with antibodies to IL-1 beta or TNF. It is therefore proposed that IL-1 alpha is the major osteolytic cytokine produced by keratocysts and that IL-6 and IL-1 may contribute to keratocyst growth by promoting epithelial cell proliferation and bone resorption, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Transinterosseous transfer of a peroneal island flap for reconstruction of prepatellar skin defect: report of two patients.

We describe the use of a peroneal vascular transinterosseous island flap for the resurfacing of a prepatellar skin defect in 2 patients. Being a fasciocutaneous flap, the peroneal flap is thin, and the location of perforators is easily and safely detected with a Doppler flowmeter. When used as a vascular island flap, either a distal pedicle or a proximal pedicle can be used. The peroneal flap can be used as either a free flap or a vascularized fibular and fasciocutaneous flap. It may, therefore, be applied to compound skin, subcutaneous tissue, and bone defects in the lower extremities. A peroneal vascular transinterosseous island flap can reach a prepatellar skin defect, whereas the peroneal island flap with conventional proximal pedicle cannot.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Histopathological studies of a case of cytomegalovirus retinochoroiditis.

A case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinochoroiditis initially misdiagnosed as fungal endophthalmitis is reported. An 83-year-old man who was suspected of having cholangiocarcinoma presented uveitis in both eyes. Candida endophthalmitis was suspected on the basis of ophthalmic findings and past history, which included systemic corticosteroid administration and intravenous hyperalimentation. Intravenous treatment with miconazole was not effective. At autopsy, 3 months after the initial ophthalmological examination, the right eye was enucleated and examined histologically and histochemically. Light microscopic examination showed extensive retinal necrosis and numerous cytomegalic cells, so-called owl's eye cells, with intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. CMV particles were seen by electron microscopy, and CMV-infected cells were observed by immunohistochemical staining by the direct method with fluorescein-labeled antibodies. These findings indicate that in suspected cases of fungal endophthalmitis various tests should also be carried out for CMV.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[The frequency and mechanisms of urolithiasis in acromegaly].

It is generally accepted that acromegaly is often associated with hypercalciuria, but there are few reports on the frequency and the mechanisms of urolithiasis. Recently we consecutively experienced 2 cases of acromegaly with urolithiasis, and these experiences made us investigate the association between urolithiasis and acromegaly. Among 18 acromegalies from 1977 to March 1990 (10 males, 8 females, 24-64 years old), 13 cases (72%) fulfilled the criteria of hypercalciuria (urinary calcium (u-Ca) greater than or equal to 200 mg/day or u-Ca/urinary creatinine (u-Ca/u-Cr) greater than or equal to 0.15), and 7 cases (39%) suffered from urolithiasis that was diagnosed by KUB (4 cases) or X-ray computed tomography (CT) (3 cases). Especially in the last 2 years, 5 out of 7 cases (71%) were complicated with urolithiasis and all 7 cases were associated with hypercalciuria. These results suggest that hypercalciuria and urolithiasis are both much more frequent than previously reported. In 6 cases who were treated by pituitary adenomectomy from 1988-1989 (4 males, 2 females, 24-59 years old), we examined Ca metabolism before and after operation. Before operation, the levels of serum growth hormone (GH), u-Ca (mg/day), u-Ca/u-Cr (in all cases) and plasma somatomedin-C (Sm-C) (in 4 cases) were increased above the normal range. To determine the etiology of hypercalciuria, we performed the oral Ca load test under restriction of Ca (400 mg/day) and P (650 mg/day) intake. The results suggested that the hypercalciuria might be mainly due to the increased absorption of Ca from the intestine (so-called "Absorptive hypercalciuria"). However, the levels of serum vitamin D (Vit. D) metabolites were all within the normal range before operation. After operation, GH and u-Ca/u-Cr (in 5 cases) and u-Ca (mg/day) (in all cases) decreased significantly compared with before operation, and the levels of Sm-C (in all cases), serum 25-(OH)D3, 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D3 (in 4 cases) and 24,25-(OH)2D3 (in 3 cases) were also reduced after operation. Surprisingly, u-Ca and u-Ca/u-Cr normalized only in 4 cases who showed a reduction in 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D3 levels after operation, although there were no correlations between u-Ca (mg/day) or u-Ca/u-Cr and 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D3. Significant correlations were found between u-Ca (mg/day) or u-Ca/u-Cr and Sm-C. The parathyroid function evaluated by the rapid Ca infusion test or nephrogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate (NcAMP) was normal before and after operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1991

Infiltration and accumulation of precursor cytotoxic T-cells increase with time in progressively growing ocular tumors.

Precursors of cytotoxic T-cells (pTc) infiltrate P815 tumors growing progressively within the immunologically privileged anterior chamber (AC) of BALB/c mouse eyes, but directly cytotoxic T-cells cannot be detected in these eyes. To determine if the failure to reject these tumors is due to a relative inability of tumor-specific pTc to gain access to, or be retained by, the tumor-containing eye, we have assayed through time the frequency of pTc in eyes that received P511 tumor cells in the AC or subconjunctival space (SC; a site where the tumors are rejected). P511 tumor cells, a hypoxanthine-amethopterin-thymine medium-sensitive derivative of P815 cells, were selected for these studies because P511 tumor cells can be eliminated from in vitro lymphocyte cultures containing hypoxanthine-amethopterin-thymine medium, permitting us to make accurate estimates of pTc frequencies. To ensure that P511 cells are similar biologically and immunologically to P815 tumor cells, we demonstrated that both P511 and P815 cells form progressively growing tumors when injected into the AC of BALB/c eyes and that recipients of both tumor cell lines develop DBA/2-specific anterior chamber-associated immune deviation. Using cell suspensions harvested from eyes of mice bearing AC or SC P511 tumors, we found that tumor-specific pTc appeared first (day 8) in SC tumor-bearing eyes, compared to their appearance in AC tumor-bearing eyes (day 11). Thereafter, however, the number of pTc detected was significantly greater in eyes bearing progressively growing AC tumors than in SC tumor-injected eyes. The number and frequency of pTc we found in these eyes appeared to correlate directly with the size of the ocular tumor burden. We conclude that failure to reject P511 tumor from the AC can be ascribed neither to a quantitative deficiency in infiltrating tumor-specific pTc nor to an inability to retain pTc at the site. Our findings suggest that immune acceptance of allogeneic ocular tumor grafts may result from failure of infiltrating pTc to differentiate terminally in situ into cytotoxic effector cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Cyclosporine A (CyA)-induced decrease of serum gonadotropin levels in a case of Klinefelter's syndrome.

We report a case of Klinefelter's syndrome who developed a decrease of serum gonadotropin levels, particularly LH, after CyA treatment for complicated focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS). A 38-year-old man suffering from general malaise and pretibial edema was diagnosed FGS by renal biopsy in October 1988, and was referred to our hospital for further evaluation and treatment for FGS in December 1988. He was not married, and closer anamnesis revealed that he had had impaired seminal ejaculation from the age of 30. The physical examination showed 37% obesity, scanty body hair, pretibial edema and small bilateral testes (3.0 x 1.5cm). Laboratory findings included marked proteinuria (5.3g/day) and mild renal dysfunction (serum creatinine 1.3mg/dl, glomerular filtration rate 57.2ml/min). Endocrinologically, high basal levels of LH and FSH (133.6mIU/ml and 93.7mIU/ml, respectively) and the hyperresponses of LH and FSH to LH-RH stimulation were found, but the other pituitary hormone levels, thyroid and adrenal status, were in the normal range. In testicular biopsy, nodularly proliferated Leydig cells and no seminal tubules could be seen. The chromosome analysis showed 47,XXY karyotype, which confirmed the diagnosis of Klinefelter's syndrome in this patient. From 9 January 1989, CyA (6mg/Kg.day) was orally administered for 4 weeks in order to treat for FGS. After CyA administration, basal levels of LH and FSH remarkably decreased, particularly LH, and their decrease lasted for at least 6 weeks after cessation of CyA (final levels; LH 28.2mIU/ml, FSH 69.8mIU/ml). On the other hand, serum testosterone level was low normal or slightly under normal, and no apparent changes could be seen during CyA treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

NGF enhances neurite regeneration from nerve-transected terminals of young adult and aged mouse dorsal root ganglia in vitro.

Dorsal root ganglia with nerve fibers, dissected from 3-month-old young adult mice and 26-month-old aged mice, were embedded in collagen gel. In the young adult mice regenerating neurites appeared from nerve-transected terminals after 12-24 h in culture, regardless of the length of fibers, but in the aged mice, regenerating neurites were first seen after 12-48 h. Administration of nerve growth factor to the explants markedly enhanced the growth of regenerating neurites from both the young adult and aged mice.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

Characterization of specific T helper cell activity in mice bearing alloantigenic tumors in the anterior chamber of the eye.

P815 tumor cells injected in the anterior chamber (AC) of eyes of BALB/c mice elicit anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) whereby delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to the tumor-associated antigens are suppressed, precursors of cytotoxic T cells are clonally expanded but not terminally differentiated, and levels of tumor-specific serum antibodies are elevated. These results imply the presence of unique helper T (Th) cell functions in these animals. To identify and describe these cells, we first determined the presence of antigen-activated lymphocytes in AC tumor-bearing mice, as well as mice that received tumor cells subconjunctivally (SC), as measured by proliferative responses of lymphocytes from draining lymph nodes and spleens. In addition, we examined the lymphokine secretion profiles [interleukin (IL) 2, IL 4] of antigen-responsive lymph node and spleen cells in limiting dilution analysis. We found that lymphoid organs of mice primed by the SC route contained high frequencies of antigen-reactive CD4+ cells that secreted IL 2 only, or IL 2 plus IL 4. In addition, IL 2-secreting CD8+ cells were found. Alternatively, the lymphoid organs of mice receiving AC inoculations of P815 cells contained CD4+ as well as CD8+ cells that secreted IL 2 after antigen stimulation. However, no IL 4-secreting cells were found. According to a recent model of differentiation of CD4+ T cells, precursors of Th cells (that secrete IL 2 alone) differentiate into Th0 cells that can secrete IL 2, IL 4 and IFN-gamma. These cells further differentiate into Th1 cells and Th2 cells that secrete IL 2 or IL 4, respectively. We interpret the absence of IL 4-secreting CD4+ cells in AC tumor bearing mice to mean that in these mice precursor Th cells are unable/prevented from differentiating into Th0 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Recurrent perforations of viscus due to ventriculoperitoneal shunt in a hydrocephalic child.

In this report, we describe the first case of recurrent perforations of viscus due to ventriculoperitoneal shunt for the treatment of hydrocephalus. Based on our own experience and a survey of literature, we suggest that perforation of the gastrointestinal tract should be suspected in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt, particularly when abdominal symptoms or ventriculitis are presented. To manage this complication, at the first perforation in the present case, a fibrin sealant was effective for closure of the perforated stomach wall. At the second perforation, when laparotomy was performed, we could not find any abnormality in the abdominal cavity except for a sheath and slight omental adhesions near it.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
PubMed1991

Mechanisms of generation of oxygen radicals and reductive mobilization of ferritin iron by lipoamide dehydrogenase.

The oxidase reaction of lipoamide dehydrogenase with NADH generates superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide under aerobic conditions. ESR spin trapping using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) was applied to characterize the oxygen radical species generated by lipoamide dehydrogenase and the mechanism of their generation. During the oxidase reaction of lipoamide dehydrogenase, DMPO-OOH and DMPO-OH signals were observed. The DMPO-OOH signal disappeared on addition of superoxide dismutase. These results demonstrate that the DMPO-OOH adduct was produced from the superoxide radical generated by lipoamide dehydrogenase. In the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide, a DMPO-CH3 signal appeared at the expense of the DMPO-OH signal, indicating that the DMPO-OH adduct was produced directly from the hydroxyl radical rather than by decomposition of the DMPO-OOH adduct. The DMPO-OH signal decreased on addition of superoxide dismutase, catalase, or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, indicating that the hydroxyl radical was generated via the metal-catalyzed Haber-Weiss reaction from the superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide. Addition of ferritin to the NADH-lipoamide dehydrogenase system resulted in a decrease of the DMPO-OOH signal, indicating that the superoxide radical interacted with ferritin iron.

Catalase↗
PubMed1991

Hepatocytes enhance neurite regeneration and survival from transected nerve terminals.

The culture of hepatocytes dissociated from adult mice by the collagenase perfusion method enables neurons or neuronal tissues to be cultured with hepatocytes or in hepatocyte-conditioned media. Co-culture with hepatocytes or hepatocyte-conditioned media enhances neurite regeneration and their survival from nerve-transected terminals of dorsal root ganglia with nerve fibers dissected from adult and aged mice. Hepatocytes secrete a factor which enhances not only neurite regeneration but also neurite survival. Activities of other known neurotrophic factors were not as crucial as those of the hepatocyte-conditioned medium, suggesting that this factor may differ from other trophic ones.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Anticarbamazepine antibody induced by carbamazepine in a patient with severe serum sickness.

Anticarbamazepine antibody was detected in a patient who had clinical signs of serum sickness induced by carbamazepine. Skin rash, fever, oedema, and lymphadenopathy are classic signs of severe adverse reaction, but although immunological hypersensitivity is thought to be a contributory factor, the presence of anticarbamazepine antibody has not previously been reported to our knowledge.

Animals↗