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Biomedical subjects

Y Boussougant

Publications and source records attributed to Y Boussougant.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

In-vitro activity of cefpodoxime against pathogens responsible for community-acquired respiratory tract infections.

The in-vitro activity of cefpodoxime, the active compound of the ester prodrug, cefpodoxime proxetil, was compared with that of other antibiotics. The susceptibility of bacterial isolates from patients with respiratory tract infections was determined by an agar dilution method. The MIC90s of cefpodozime for ampicillin-sensitive and beta-lactamase-producing strains of Haemophilus influenzae were 0.12 and 0.25 mg/l, respectively; the MIC90s for ampicillin-resistant non-beta-lactamase-producing strains was 1 mg/l. Time-kill curves of cefpodoxime against ampicillin-sensitive and ampicillin-resistant beta-lactamase producing strains showed a time-dependent bactericidal activity. The MIC90s for ampicillin-sensitive and ampicillin-resistant Branhamella catarrhalis were 0.50 and 1 mg/l, respectively. The MIC90s for penicillin-sensitive pneumococci, beta-haemolytic streptococci and Streptococcus agalactiae were 0.06, 0.06 and 0.12 mg/l, respectively. The inhibitory activity against penicillin-resistant pneumococci was limited: the MIC90 was 4 mg/l.

Ampicillin Resistance↗
PubMed1989

[In vitro comparative effect of cefixime and 7 other beta-lactamines against Streptococcus pneumoniae].

The comparative in vitro activities of cefixime, penicillin G, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, cefaclor, cefadroxyl, cefotiam and cefuroxime against 83 recent clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae were determined. In addition, the susceptibilities of 17 relatively or fully penicillin-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae were evaluated. Cefixime was more active than the first generation cephalosporins cefaclor and cefadroxyl against penicillin-susceptible strains. The MIC50 and MIC90 obtained by the agar dilution method were 0.25 and 0.5 mg/l respectively. The MICs obtained by a microdilution technique were one dilution lower. Cefixime exhibited little or no activity against relatively or fully penicillin-resistant strains.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

Serum bactericidal activity against Enterobacteriaceae producing broad-spectrum beta-lactamases in volunteers administered ofloxacin and cefotaxime, alone or combined.

The activity of ofloxacin and cefotaxime, alone or combined, against four strains of Enterobacteriaceae was evaluated both in vitro and in sera from volunteers given a single infusion over 30 min of 200 mg ofloxacin or 1 g cefotaxime. The strains showed resistance or decreased susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins. The combination was not found to be synergistic in vitro. Analysis of the bactericidal titres and killing kinetics of sera taken at the time of the peak concentration and 6 h after the infusion, respectively, confirmed the absence of synergy between the drugs against these strains.

Cefotaxime↗
PubMed1989

Povidone-iodine enema as a preoperative bowel preparation for colorectal surgery. A bacteriologic study.

To evaluate the effects of povidone-iodine (PI) enema on the bacterial flora of colorectal mucosa, the authors studied 113 patients who were candidates for colorectal surgery. The study of the rectum included 72 patients. Total bacterial concentrations after a PI enema (N = 44) were significantly lower than after a simple water enema (N = 12, P less than 0.001), or than after a water enema associated with intravenous metronidazole (N = 16, P less than 0.01). The study of the colon included 41 patients. Total bacterial concentrations did not differ after a PI enema (N = 24) than after a water enema (N = 11); both groups were associated with intravenous metronidazole. In contrast, both preparations significantly reduced bacterial concentrations when compared with oral administration of polyethyleneglycol (N = 6, P less than 0.01). Similar results were observed in rectal and colonic studies, when analysis was restricted to the anaerobic flora. PI is an antiseptic that, when administered alone in an enema or in association with metronidazole, significantly reduces bacterial concentrations in the mucosa of the colon and rectum. It may be proposed as a simple preoperative preparation for colorectal surgery.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗
PubMed1989

In-vitro activity of pristinamycin and its components against gram-negative anaerobic bacilli and Gardnerella vaginalis.

The comparative in-vitro activities of pristinamycin, its components pristinamycins I and IIA, erythromycin, clindamycin and metronidazole were studied against 174 clinical isolates of Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli and 24 strains of Gardnerella vaginalis. Susceptibilities were determined with an agar-dilution method. Against Bacteroides and Fusobacterium, pristinamycin was slightly less active than both clindamycin and metronidazole and more active than erythromycin. Against G. vaginalis, the activity of pristinamycin was similar to that of clindamycin and slightly inferior to that of erythromycin. Both pristinamycins I and IIA alone were generally inactive against the strains tested. Additionally, MICs for the B. fragilis group determined by a broth microdilution technique were one to two log2 lower than MICs obtained by agar-dilution. The bactericidal activity of pristinamycin and clindamycin was moderate and varied according to the strains tested. The chequerboard broth microdilution test against 20 strains of the B. fragilis group confirmed the synergy between pristinamycins I and IIA at every PI/PIIA ratio. Along with the activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma and both aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria, our results suggest that pristinamycin could be an effective drug in the treatment of gynaecological infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

[Acute diarrhea in adults in a Parisian district. Clinical, bacteriologic endoscopic and histologic aspects. Study of 52 cases].

From 1985 through 1988, 52 patients aged 16 to 85 years and referred for acute diarrhea underwent routine clinical, microbiological, endoscopic and histopathological examinations. Enteropathogens were isolated in 50 percent of patients, mostly from stool samples rather than from biopsy samples, though results were sometimes dissociated. Significantly lower digestive endoscopic abnormalities were seen in 60 percent of patients. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was not contributive. Rectal and colonic biopsies showed histological abnormalities in nearly all cases half of which were polymorphonuclear infiltrates and crypt abscesses. Glandular distortion was not found. An analysis of clinical, endoscopic and histological data showed that major abnormalities were mostly, but not constantly, related to infections due to enteroinvasive bacteria. As in other studies, a high rate of negative stool cultures was observed. Based on these results, we suggest to perform either further and more sophisticated microbiological investigations, or to conduct a routine search for viral infections whose incidence, among adult patients with acute diarrhea, is actually unknown.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Tuberculosis of the sacroiliac joint: clinical features, outcome, and evaluation of closed needle biopsy in 11 consecutive cases.

Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) involvement has been reported in up to 9.7 percent of patients with skeletal tuberculosis. Lack of awareness of this now uncommon form of infection often leads to diagnostic delay and increased morbidity. Eleven consecutive cases of SIJ tuberculosis are reported; clinical and radiologic features, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome are discussed. Buttock pain was the presenting complaint in all patients. However, radicular pain in the lower back (seven patients) or lower limb (10 patients) was common and in one patient precipitated an unnecessary surgical intervention. SIJ tuberculosis is frequently an isolated phenomenon. Therefore, direct sampling of the SIJ is necessary to establish the diagnosis. The recently described technique of closed needle biopsy of the SIJ was employed in all 11 patients and established the diagnosis in nine of the 11.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1987

Bactericidal effect of ofloxacin alone and combined with fosfomycin or vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in sera from volunteers.

The bactericidal activity of ofloxacin alone and in combination was evaluated against strains of Staphylococcus aureus by measuring MBCs, FBC indexes and by the killing curve technique. Bactericidal titres were determined in sera from volunteers given ofloxacin alone or in combination with fosfomycin or vancomycin. FBC indices less than 0.75 were observed with fosfomycin, showing moderate synergy. FBC indices of 1 were seen with vancomycin. Killing kinetic experiments indicated that ofloxacin (1 and 4 mg/l) exerted a rapid bactericidal effect (99.9% killing in 4 h); the combination of ofloxacin and fosfomycin was synergistic for one of three strains, while killing kinetics of ofloxacin were unaltered by fosfomycin for two of three strains or by vancomycin for the three strains. Sera collected two hours after ofloxacin or fosfomycin had been administered had bactericidal titres less than 1/2. Bactericidal titres were significantly greater in sera from volunteers given the combination of these two drugs. Similar bactericidal titres were obtained in sera after the administration of vancomycin alone or in combination with ofloxacin. A loading dose of 400 mg ofloxacin with subsequent doses of 200 mg had no significantly prolonged effect on bactericidal titres.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Activity of fusidic acid on strictly anaerobic bacteria].

Fusidic acid is a well known antimicrobial agent due to its narrow spectrum of activity against Gram positive bacteria and especially staphylococci. Therefore, it is after used preventively against bacterial infection in traumatology, but the susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria is not well known. We have studied, the in vitro activity of sodium fusidate against 147 strains of anaerobic bacteria. This antibiotic has a moderate activity against Bacteroides, more significant against Clostridium, Peptococcus et Peptostreptococcus; it has no bactericidal activity. Clostridium difficile is different from other anaerobic bacteria because of its slow MIC and its MBC near to its MIC. Fusidic acid could be proposed for the treatment of pseudomembranous and antibiotic-associated colitis induced by Clostridium difficile.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1987

[Causes of error in the study of fibrinogen clumping and the diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus: Micrococci and Acinetobacter].

Rapid presumptive identification of S. aureus, particularly on the agar slant of biphasic blood culture bottles can be performed by modified slide clumping factor tests. We compared two commercial reagents (Staphyslide and Staphaurex) using strains of "Gram-positive cocci arranged in clusters" (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Micrococcus) or diplococci-like organisms such as Acinetobacter. Micrococcus and Acinetobacter can be responsible for false-positive reactions with sensitized or not sensitized particles. Control reactions with not sensitized particles or autoagglutination tests in water rather than saline must be performed.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of erythromycin on the fecal flora of infants less than 1-year old].

Erythromycin ethyl succinate is an antibiotic frequently administered in pediatrics. According to some authors, this drug sharply decreases the fecal count of enterobacteria. The fecal flora of 12 infants less than one year old, treated by erythromycin ethyl succinate for 7 to 10 days was studied by differential count. A variable effect was observed on enterobacteria: a 10(3) to 10(5) fold reduction in 9 cases with a final count superior or equal to 10(4) per gram of feces, with or without coming back to the initial count; in 3 cases no modification. MIC of enterobacteria and concentrations of erythromycin in feces were not predictives of flora variation. Anaerobic flora was weakly modified. No implantation of potentially-pathogenic bacteria or multi-resistant or highly erythromycin resistant enterobacteria occurred. Thus, erythromycin ethyl succinate is valuable in pediatrics as it does not disturb barrier effects. But its use for selective decontamination of gut must be discussed depending on pharmacologic form and posology administered.

Enterobacteriaceae↗