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Biomedical subjects

Y Buisson

Publications and source records attributed to Y Buisson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Clinical and biological aspects of a collective alimentary toxi- infection by group A streptococcus in a military unit stationed in Djibouti].

An outbreak of streptococcal pharyngitis due to a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus has occurred in a French Army unit based in Djibouti during the month of september 1991. Out of 304 sick soldiers, 73% were seen by a physician in the initial 48 hours of the outbreak. All the patients showed a sore throat, associated with myalgia and rachialgia (85%), headache (26%) and digestive signs (24%). They were given a systematic antibiotic therapy by a penicillin or a macrolide, so no post-streptococcal complication was observed. From 23 throat swabs, 10 Streptococcus pyogenes strains were recovered with identical chimiotype, antibiotype and serotype (T:11, M non typable). Five serological assays were performed on 33 paired (early and 15 days later) samples of serum: ASLO (latex agglutination and microtitration), ASH, ASD and ASK. ASLO microtitration with ASD appear to be the most profitable association. The cost of such an outbreak is very heavy. More, the operational capacity of this unit was seriously compromised as long as 6 days. Measures to be applied are those used for the prevention of foodborne diseases, including medical surveillance of the cooking staff and strict observance of cool conservation of cooked meals and foods.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1992

Response to vaccination against tetanus in chronic haemodialysed patients.

We studied the response to vaccination against tetanus and the changes in the antibody titers 6 months after this vaccination in 66 haemodialysed patients with chronic renal failure. We also investigated the factors that may affect the quality of this immune response. After the booster injection 96.5% of patients had antitetanus antibody titres considered to be protective (0.06 HU/ml). However, the titre of these antibodies rapidly declined and after 6 months, only 62% of the haemodialysed patients had a titre greater than 0.06 HU/ml. Among the different factors considered, only age significantly impaired or reduced the immune response. In addition, the acquisition of protection against tetanus was independent of the response to vaccination against hepatitis B in the same subjects. This study showed the efficacy and safety of vaccination against tetanus in hemodialysed patients, though the antibody titres should be assayed several months after vaccination to confirm the persistence of immunization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Spread in hospital units of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa phenotype producing a beta-lactamase highly inducible by clavulanic acid in vitro].

Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains belonging to the serogroup O:11 exhibiting susceptibility to ticarcillin (TIC) and resistance to the ticarcillin-clavulanic acid (CA) combination were found in 19 inpatients over a 14 month period. Mean inhibition diameters obtained using the agar diffusion method were 21.75 mm around the TIC disks (75 micrograms) and 15.96 mm around the TIC+CA disks (75 + 10 micrograms). With control PaO:11 strains, these diameters were 25.27 and 25 mm, respectively. MIC for ticarcillin determined using the checkerboard method rose to 64 mg with CA levels of 16 mg/l or more. CA exhibited dose-dependent antagonism on TIC killing curves when TIC levels approximated the MIC; this effect was no longer present with higher TIC levels. In the crude bacterial extract, a betalactamase of the cephalosporinase type was detected in the absence of induction and increased threefold after exposure to cefoxitin (100 mg/l) and fourfold after exposure to CA (5 mg/l). All these PaO:11 strains exhibited the same antimicrobial resistance phenotype with decreased susceptibility to ureidopenicillins and resistance to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. The induction of a chromosome-encoded cephalosporinase by CA proved useful as an epidemiologic marker. Nosocomial spread of this phenotype was likely the result of selection due to use of antimicrobials.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

The epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Dakar, Sénégal 1982-1986: antimicrobial resistance, auxotypes and plasmid profiles.

A total of 460 Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from patients seen at three clinics in Dakar, Sénégal, 1982-1986, have been investigated. In this period a significant change in antimicrobial susceptibility was observed: the percentage of strains susceptible to penicillin (MIC less than or equal to 0.08 micrograms/ml) fell from 61 to 18 (p less than 0.0001) and the percentage of resistant strains (MIC greater than or equal to 1.2 micrograms/ml) increased from 18 to 46. Among penicillin-resistant strains the proportion of penicillinase-producing strains (PPNG) was fairly constant (range 35-55%). The determination of susceptibility to anti-microbial agents performed locally allowed detection of approximately all PPNG strains whereas the increase in the occurrence of strains with chromosomally determined resistance was not revealed. The study comprised 70 PPNG strains of which 19% (13/70) carried the 7.4 kb Asian plasmid and 81% (57/70) the 5.3 kb African plasmid. None of these strains possessed the 38 kb conjugative plasmid, whereas it was found in 4.5% of the 376 non-PPNG strains available for plasmid analysis; 92% (410/446) of all strains had the small 4.2 kb plasmid and 5.4% (24/446) did not contain any plasmid. Overall, auxotype zero and proline-requiring strains were predominant, accounting for 53% (244/460) and 28% (131/460), respectively. In general, PPNG strains carrying the 5.3 kb plasmid were auxotype zero (49/57 = 86%) and those carrying the 7.4 kb plasmid were proline-requiring (9/13 = 69%).

Female↗
PubMed1990

Nosocomial outbreaks due to amikacin-resistant tobramycin-sensitive Acinetobacter species: correlation with amikacin usage.

Fifty-seven patients in the Val-de-Grâce hospital were infected or colonized with amikacin-resistant, tobramycin-sensitive Acinetobacter spp. between January 1985 and December 1987. This resistance phenotype was attributed to the recently described 3'-O-aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (APH(3')-VI), on the basis of substrate profile and DNA-DNA hybridization, and was mainly encountered in various biotypes of A. baumannii isolated from patients. It was also encountered in saprophytic A. johnsonii isolates from the hands of 11 healthy workers among the medical staff, which provided evidence for the dissemination of an epidemic gene among different biotypes and species of Acinetobacter. A retrospective epidemiological survey showed a significant correlation between amikacin consumption and case incidence in the wards where cross-infection had occurred.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed1990

Hepatitis B surface antigen reactivity in man due to a new variant of hepatitis B virus.

A new type of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been encountered in Senegalese infants and French adults characterized by serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) without antibodies to the core antigen (anti-HBc). As the infection is not associated with the presence of the e antigen, it differs from HBV in its core antigen. After the loss of HBsAg, neither anti-HBc nor antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) become detectable. This new infection (called HBV2 as opposed to the classical HBV1 infection) was found in infants with anti-HBs, either naturally acquired or produced by immunization against HBV. The use of monoclonal anti-HBs antibodies showed that two epitopes of HBV1 surface antigen could be detected in HBV2-positive sera. HBV DNA sequences could only be found in one of 15 HBV2-infected children using a DNA-DNA hybridization procedure; low levels of HBV DNA were also detected in 58% of the HBsAg-positive adult sera tested. If this new infection, apparently related to HBV1, is shown to cause chronic liver disease, hepatitis B vaccine should also contain surface antigen from HBV2.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Markers of viral hepatitis B and D and levels of alanine aminotransferase in military blood donors: a profile of 30,000 blood donations in 1989].

Serologic data for B and D viral hepatitis are studied on 30,000 military blood donors. Because of legal norms of blood products for transfusion 761 donations (2.53% have been destroyed). Exclusion criteria for viral B hepatitis and ALT are independent. In this study the prevalency of HBV infections is significantly lower than for other blood centers: probably in account of the young age of military blood donors.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Acute icteric viral hepatitis type A, B, D and non-A non-B. Etiologic, clinical and developmental aspects in the young man. Apropos of 423 cases].

In the light of the present serological tests, the etiology, clinical features and course of acute viral hepatitis were reviewed in 423 consecutive male patients. Follow-up started less than 15 days after the onset of jaundice and continued until recovery or for at least six months if recovery did not occur before them. The incidence of type A viral hepatitis decreased in France but remained high in North Africa and tropical areas. During the acute phase it differed from hepatitis type B by a lower aminotransferase level. Relapse, however, was more common, as was protraction of longer than six months. Recovery ultimately occurred. The specific IgM antibody persisted throughout the condition. Type B hepatitis differed from type A hepatitis by a mean quicker normalization of the biochemical disturbances. In the absence of superinfection by delta hepatitis virus or by a non-A, non-B virus, the progression to chronic liver disease was rare. The course of non-A, non-B hepatitis was very dissimilar according to the circumstances of occurrence. In epidemic cases rapid recovery occurred and no progression to chronicity was noted. In the other cases, relapse and chronicity were more frequent than for type A or B hepatitis. Type D hepatitis was characterized by more pronounced biochemical disturbances during the acute phase and by more frequent progression to chronicity in case of superinfection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Frequency and distribution of beta-lactamases in 1792 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae in France between 1985 and 1988].

In october 1985, 1987 and 1988, all the clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae (respectively 530, 654, 590 strains) were collected in 20 hospitals. The beta-lactamases were identified by analytical isoelectrofocusing and by substrate and inhibition profiles. 76 to 81% of the strains produced only one beta-lactamase: SHV-1 type, pI 7.7 (61 to 65%) or PI 7.1 (14%). The TEM-1 betalactamase (pI 5.4) was produced in 1985 by 21% of the strains, 9% in 1987, and 11% in 1988: TEM-2, pI 5.6 by 2% in 1985-87-88. The extended broad spectrum beta-lactamases, able to hydrolyse amino-thiazol-oximino-beta-lactam antibiotics, TEM or SHV type enzymes (SHV-2, pI 7.7, SHV-3, pI 7.1; SHV-4/CAZ-5, pI 7.8; SHV-5/CAZ-4 pI 8.2; CTX-1/TEM-3, pI 6.3) were also detected: 0.75% of the strain (3 strains) in 1985, 8.4% (55 strains) in 1987, 11% (65 strains) in 1988. These extended broad spectrum beta-lactamases were found in 2 hospitals in 1985, 10 in 1987 and 9 in 1988.

France↗
PubMed1989

[Seroprevalence of anti-HIV antibodies in a rural Haitian population].

A sero-epidemiological study was conducted from July to August 1988, in a haitian population living in rural area. Out of 116 serum samples searched for H1V1 antibodies and anti-HTLV1, 5.2% and 4.3% were reactive, respectively. Both positivity H1V1/HTLV1 was observed in one case. HBs Ag carriers were 13%. Analysis of seroreactive people in this population enhances the epidemiological trends of AIDS in Caribbean (rural spreading, heterosexual transmission, sex ratio levelling) which relate to african type AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

[Sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella spp. to ceftazidime. Current status in France].

Ceftazidime was tested against 2,224 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from 17 hospitals in April, May and June, 1986 and against 607 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 234 strains of K. oxytoca obtained from 16 hospitals in October, 1987. The MIC's of ceftazidime against P. aeruginosa were distributed normally, with an MIC50 of 2 mg/l and an MIC90 of 4 mg/l. Depending on critical concentrations, 80 per cent of strains were sensitive, 11.4 per cent were of intermediate sensitivity and 0.54 per cent were resistant. There were few differences in results between hospitals. Ninety-two per cent of resistant strains and 45 per cent of intermediate strains (as opposed to 6 per cent of all strains) produced a high-level constitutive cephalosporinase with little variations between centres. The MIC's of ceftazidime against K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca had a bimodal distribution: 91 per cent of strains were sensitive to 0.25 mg/l, 6 per cent of strains showed intermediate sensitivity and 3 per cent were resistant. All intermediate and resistant strains produced a very broad spectrum beta-lactamase which hydrolyzed some of the third generation cephalosporins: K. pneumoniae 36 CTX-1, 5 SHV-2, and 14 strains producing a recently identified beta-lactamase "CAZ-5/SHV-4"; K. oxytoca 3 CTX-1. These strains were isolated in 10 of the 16 hospitals which took part in the 1987 study. Comparison of these results with those of studies performed in 1984 and 1985 showed a moderate increase in the number of intermediate sensitivity strains of P. aeruginosa and the occasional occurrence, of the epidemic type, in some hospitals of Klebsiella spp. producing very broad spectrum beta-lactamases which were rare in 1985.

Ceftazidime↗
PubMed1988

Anti-pre-S2 antibodies in natural hepatitis B virus infection and after immunization.

Anti-pre-S2 antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immuno-absorbant assay using a synthetic peptide analogue of pre-S2 protein, in different groups of hepatitis-B-infected subjects, including patients presenting with cirrhosis and liver cancer, and also in infants immunized with hepatitis B vaccine. Anti-pre-S2 antibodies were not detected in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) chronic carriers, including patients with cirrhosis or primary liver cancer. Anti-pre-S2 antibodies were not detected in HBsAg-positive sera during the early phase of acute hepatitis. They were only noted upon recovery, when anti-HBs antibodies are detectable at the same time as HBsAg. After recovery, anti-pre-S2 antibodies were noted in 57% of test sera and were still detectable in 16% of anti-HBs-positive sera obtained years after HBV infection. Anti-pre-S2 antibodies were detected in 70% of infants immunized with 2 or 5 micrograms doses of Hevac B Pasteur vaccine, confirming that this vaccine contains pre-S2 antigen. Anti-pre-S2 detection was correlated with the anti-HBs antibody titre.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1988

[Preliminary study of the antagonistic effects between fosfomycin and beta-lactams on Pseudomonas aeruginosa observed on the antibiogram].

Antagonism patterns between beta-lactams (BL) and fosfomycin (FOS) were observed in antibiotic assay by agar diffusion method against the most of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. This antagonism was confirmed by antibiotic assays made on Mueller-Hinton agar containing subinhibiting concentrations of FOS. FOS + BL combinations, studied on the strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 by means of checker board method, exhibit antagonism of FOS concentrations below 1 mg/l on ceftriaxone, piperacillin, ticarcillin and, less strongly, on imipenem. These results suggest that in vivo combination FOS + BL dosages must avoid low concentrations of FOS at the site of infection.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

[Aminoside sensitivity of bacteria isolated in 1984 at the military hospital complex in the Paris region].

The minimal inhibiting concentrations (MIC) of 5 aminosids have been determined by the microdilution method in liquid medium of 4,582 bacterial strains isolated from various pathological samples: 1,039 Staphylococcus, 2,629 Enterobacteria, 759 Pseudomonas and 155 Acinetobacter. The phenotype of resistance has been defined for each strain by listing the antibiotics for which a resistance was observed. The frequencies of the bacterial resistances varied according to the aminosid (gentamicin, sisomicin, tobramycin, netilmicin and amikacin) and to the species studied. For the bacterial species studied, these frequencies of resistance to the aminosid family of antibiotic were weaker in the military hospitals in the district of Paris, than in different civil hospitals where similar studies were conducted.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1987

[Current aspects of imported drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum].

24 cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a group of 73 non-immune subjects coming mostly from central Africa have been tested in vitro for chloroquine sensitivity: 5 are sensitive, 19 are resistant among whom one is also quinine-resistant. The comparison of the major clinical and biological features in the two groups by methods of statistical calculation shows that the parasitological diagnosis is retarded and that hemolysis is more frequent in the strains of Plasmodium falciparum resistant to chloroquine. Thrombopenia is more frequent with chemosensitives strains. In any case, the delay between the first symptoms and the parasitological diagnosis is increased with an average of 17 days in comparison to what was observed in the 1970's. Under the influence of several complex factors including human ones, the clinical aspects are changed in comparison to forms usually observed. In this context of an extension of the emergence of the chemoresistance and in the aim of efficiency, only the quinine I.V., with an average dose of 16.5 mg/kg per day of quinine-base, has been chosen as a curative treatment during 5 days allowing a rapid recovery without after-effects for all the cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Biochemical characterization and study of the sensitivity to Plasmodium falciparum infection. Apropos of a case of double CN Baltimore hemoglobinopathy discovered in Senegal].

The discovery of a double CNBalt hemoglobinopathy allowed the authors, after a family background investigation, to study the possible biological effects linked to that dual heterozygoty and to look for a protection against Plasmodium falciparum infections. It hasn't been possible to make evident any protection.

Adolescent↗