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Biomedical subjects

Y C Fu

Publications and source records attributed to Y C Fu.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Treatment of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum in early infancy.

BACKGROUND: Early treatment for the neonate with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS) is important if a high mortality rate is to be avoided. The treatment includes prostaglandin administration, balloon atrial septostomy, pulmonary valvotomy, a shunting procedure and patch repair for the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). This study discusses the early treatment and risk factors of this disease that are essential for assessing the risk of surgery and predicting outcome. METHODS: The medical records, echocardiograms, catheterization data and cineangiograms of 29 patients with PA-IVS diagnosed at our institution from 1987 to 1997 were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical manifestations including age, body weight, sex ratio, type of surgery and outcome were analyzed. RESULTS: Three of four patients with a right ventricular volume of less than 1 ml died, and all patients with a right ventricular volume of greater than 2 ml survived. Four of six patients with a tricuspid valvular area of between 0.25 and 0.5 cm2 died, but patients with an area of greater than 0.5 cm2 survived. One case with a monopartite right ventricle died. Patients with a bipartite or tripartite right ventricle had higher survival rates than those with a monopartite right ventricle. Patients with a the right ventricle dependent coronary sinusoid had a higher risk for mortality, even after surgery, than those with normal coronary circulation. CONCLUSIONS: A small right ventricular volume, the presence of a coronary sinusoid involving the right ventricle, a short linear length of the tricuspid valve and a small area of the tricuspid valve were the risk factors associated with a negative outcome in neonates with PA-IVS.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for renovascular hypertension in a child: a case report.

Since its introduction, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty has become an alternative therapeutic modality to surgical and medical treatment for renovascular hypertension. We report the case of a nine-year-old boy who had hypertension caused by renal arterial stenosis. The patient's high blood pressure was 164/100 mmHg, which was discovered incidentally during a physical check-up. A selective renal angiography showed a severe short-segment stenosis with post-stenotic dilatation of the left renal artery. A 4-mm balloon catheter was advanced through the stenotic area and was inflated five times to dilate the stenosis. After the procedure, the selective renal angiography showed a significant increase in the diameter of the left renal artery. Blood pressure decreased to normal immediately after the procedure. During the one-year follow-up period, the patient remained normotensive without the use of antihypertensive drugs.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed1999

Ankle arthrodesis: internal non-compression arthrodesis versus internal compression arthrodesis.

Ankle arthrodesis is still considered to be the standard treatment for most disabling types of ankle arthritis, but fusion methods are varied. We report our experience of ankle arthrodesis and compare a group of 34 cases treated by Blair's non-compression arthrodesis to another group of 32 cases treated by internal compression arthrodesis using two crossed screws. The same surgeon performed all the operations. The Blair's non-compression arthrodesis group included 21 males and 13 females with an average age of 42 y/o (range 18-70 y/o) and an average follow up period of 38.6 months (range 26-62 months). The union rate was 91.2% and the average union time was 5.6 months (range 2-10 months). There were three cases of non-union. The cross-screw compression arthrodesis group included 20 males and 12 females with an average age of 45 y/o (range 20-86 y/o) and an average follow up period of 38.3 months (range 15-81 months). The union rate was 96.9% and the average union time was 2.7 months (range 1.5-4.4 months). There was one case of non-union. We conclude that our cross-screws compression arthrodesis with its shorter fusion time was found to be superior to the Blair's non-compression arthrodesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Ankle arthrography and chronic lateral ankle instability.

Sixty-five ankle arthrograms of the patients who underwent surgical reconstruction for their chronic ankle instability from 1987 to 1995 were studied retrospectively by comparing their operative findings. There were 15 cases (23.1%) with definite positive arthrographic findings. In the remaining 50 cases (76.9%), the arthrograms showed a "tear-drop" extravasation of dye beneath the fibular tip which we called "suspectable positive". Of these all but one, which had normal ligament, proved to correspond to the operative finding. As there was only one false positive finding among our surgical cases with both the "definite" and "suspectable" positive arthrograms, we concluded that ankle arthrography is relatively reliable and may be worth doing even in chronic cases if only for reference. Even when other diagnostic methods are negative, arthrography might help surgeons make surgical decisions in clinical symptomatic cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Transcatheter embolization of coronary artery fistula: a case report.

Coronary artery fistula is rare, but it is the most common congenital coronary artery anomaly with hemodynamic significance. It usually causes no symptoms in young patients but may be associated with symptoms and complications in older patients. Surgery has been the traditional treatment. In this report, a 7-year-old girl who had a coronary artery fistula from the left circumflex coronary artery to the right atrium was successfully treated by percutaneous transcatheter technique.

Arterio-Arterial Fistula↗
PubMed1996

Cloning and characterization of cDNAs encoding the antibacterial peptide, defensin A, from the mosquito, Aedes aegypti.

Insect defensins are cationic, inducible antibacterial peptides. Four full-length cDNAs encoding defensin A from the mosquito Aedes aegypti were cloned using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. All four cDNAs are 473 base pairs long, bearing an open reading frame of 98 amino acids with a few substitutions in the signal peptide domain. The deduced amino acid sequence of Aedes aegypti defensin (AaDef) contains a signal peptide sequence of 18 amino acids followed by a 40-amino acid putative propeptide domain and a 40-amino acid mature peptide domain. The mature peptide, with a predicted M(r) of 4148, shows 80% identity and 93% similarity to Phormia defensin A, and is identical to the peptide sequencing data for mosquito defensin A of Lowenberger et al. (1995) and B of Chalk et al. (1995). There are three potential phosphorylation sites but no glycosylation sites detected in AaDef. Three putative disulfide linkages between cysteines, characteristic of insect defensins, are conserved in AaDef. Aedes aegypti defensin mRNA is produced in response to a bacterial challenge; it is dramatically enhanced 6 h after bacterial injection, continues to increase through 24 h, and is maintained at high levels until at least 30 h post-bacterial injection.

Aedes↗
PubMed1989

Persistence and expression of circular DNAs encoding Drosophila amylase, bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, and others in Xenopus laevis embryos.

We injected circular forms of several different DNAs into fertilized eggs of Xenopus laevis, and studied the persistence and expression of the injected DNAs during early embryonic development. When we injected plasmids which contained Drosophila amylase genes, the copy number of the injected DNA increased only slightly during cleavage, started to decrease at the blastula stage, then became very small at the tadpole stage. In such embryos, Drosophila amylase activity was detected at and after the gastrula stage. When we injected other kinds of circular DNAs (pX1r101A, cDm2055, pII25.1, pBR322, and pSP-64-L14), their copy number did not increase throughout the early stages. When circular plasmids that contained bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) genes were injected, their copy number usually did not increase, but sometimes, for unknown reasons, it increased extensively throughout the blastula to gastrula stages. In both cases, CAT enzyme activity started to be expressed during the blastula to gastrula stages and disappeared at the 2 day-old tadpole stage. The level of CAT enzyme activity was roughly proportional to the amount of CAT mRNA formed, and also to the copy number of injected genes. From these results, we concluded that in Xenopus embryos, exogenously-injected circular DNAs are preserved for the most part as circular DNAs, and that the increase in their copy number within the embryos is not prerequisite for the expression of their genetic information.

Amylases↗
PubMed1987

Mode of action of ammonia and amine on rRNA synthesis in Xenopus laevis embryonic cells.

Recently, we found that rRNA synthesis in dissociated embryonic cells of Xenopus laevis is selectively inhibited by ammonium salts added to their surrounding medium. Similar effects were also observed in cells treated with amines. In this report, we analysed in more detail the effects of an ammonium salt and trimethylamine on rRNA synthesis in Xenopus embryonic cells cultured under several different conditions. Results obtained showed that ammonia and trimethylamine inhibit formation of 40S pre-rRNA, without inducing breakdown (wastage) or aberrant processing of the 40S pre-rRNA. Such inhibitory effects were also shown not to be due to interference with cellular ATP level. Furthermore, we found that the effects of both ammonium salt and trimethylamine were completely abolished when Na+ in the culture medium of the testing cells was replaced by choline ions. These results favour the view that the inhibition of rRNA synthesis by ammonia and amine is realized at the transcriptional level or at the step before the formation of 40S pre-rRNA, most probably via a slight increase of intracellular pH, but not via an inhibition in energy-generating systems.

Ammonium Chloride↗
PubMed1987

Kinetic behavior of 30S rRNA intermediate labeled in developing embryonic cells of Xenopus laevis.

In Xenopus neurula cells, "30S" RNA was found to be labeled with 3H-uridine after a relatively short labeling period. Results obtained from cumulative labeling and pulse-labeling and chase experiments with cells from late gastrulae, yolk plug-stage embryos, and neurulae showed that the 30S RNA is an intermediate in rRNA processing and is derived from 40S pre-rRNA and processed to 28S rRNA. The half-life of the 30S rRNA intermediate was about 7.5 min or less at the three stages examined.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Effect of chemical substitution on absorption spectra and magnetic circular dichroism of molecules in dense media.

The purpose of this paper has been to study the effect of chemical substitution on the magnetic circular dichroism and absorption spectra for the parent molecule which has the C(2v) symmetry. Four electronic transitions, A(1) --> A(1), A(1) --> B(1), A(1) --> B(2), and A(1) --> A(2) have been considered. In each case, the intensity changes in magnetic circular dichroism and absorption spectra due to substitution have been expressed in terms of number of substituents and positions of substitution.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anomalous origin of one pulmonary artery from the innominate artery: a report of two cases.

Two children with an anomalous origin of one pulmonary artery from the innominate artery are reported. One was a 15-month-old boy presenting with respiratory distress. He had a right aortic arch and his left pulmonary artery originated from the innominate artery. The other was a 1-month-old girl presenting with congestive heart failure. She had a left aortic arch and her right pulmonary artery originated from the innominate artery. An understanding of the embryological pathogenesis of these anomalies has significant therapeutic implications.

Brachiocephalic Trunk↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intracardiac ultrasound assessment of atrial septal defect: comparison with transthoracic echocardiographic, angiocardiographic, and balloon-sizing measurements.

PURPOSE: Accurate evaluation of the size, location and adjacent structure of an atrial septal defect (ASD) is very important in the selection of patients for further management. We directly compared the utility of transthoracic echocardiography, angiocardiography, balloon sizing, and intracardiac ultrasound (ICUS) in the detection of ASD. METHODS: Twenty-one children underwent an ICUS study of ASD after routine clinical and laboratory studies. All patients had received transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), cardiac catheterization, cineangiography, and balloon sizing before the ICUS to evaluate the ASD. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between the ICUS-derived ASD diameter and the other methods (p < 0.001). The balloon-sizing diameter was estimated by the equation: TTE diameter x 1.09 + 3.9 mm. There was a good correlation between the predicted and measured balloon-sizing diameter (r = 0.963; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: It is worthwhile spending a few minutes to perform ICUS during cardiac catheterization since it will provide more detailed information on and high resolution images of atrial septal morphology, especially for patients undergoing transcatheter closure by device.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transcatheter stent treatment for congenital peripheral pulmonary arterial stenosis.

A total of 5 Johnson and Johnson stents were implanted in two patients with significant residual peripheral pulmonary arterial stenosis. These were a 15-year-old boy with post-open heart surgery for tetralogy of Fallot and a 3 8/12 year-old boy with D-transposition of great vessels. Immediately after balloon dilatation and implantation of the stents, the diameter of the narrowing pulmonary arteries increased significantly from 6.0 +/- 0.8 mm to 13.5 +/- 1.7 mm (P < 0.001) and the systolic pressure gradients across the stenosis of peripheral pulmonary artery dropped significantly from 33.0 +/- 16.0 mmHg to 10.2 +/- 4.4 mmHg (P < 0.01). One year later, repeated cardiac catheterization was performed on both patients. In the patient with tetralogy of Fallot, a 20 mmHg pressure gradient was found between the main and left pulmonary artery. This patient then received another stent implantation to release the residual stenosis. The boy with D-transposition of great vessels had only 9 mmHg gradient between main and right pulmonary artery. Transcatheter placement of the stent is a feasible and effective method to treat certain patients with significant pulmonary arterial stenosis if surgical correction can not be performed.

Adolescent↗