Biomedical subjects

Y C Guillaume

Publications and source records attributed to Y C Guillaume.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

Triazinic herbicide determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in breast milk.

A solid-phase extraction procedure using a graphitized carbon black cartridge for extraction and cleaning of a series of five triazines (atrazine, deethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine, ametryne and prometryne) from breast milk samples was developed. Using a chemometric methodology, the optimisation of both the analysis time and the triazinic herbicide separation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was then carried out with only 18 experiments. Detection and quantification limits for 1ml breast milk sample were, respectively, 0.3 and 1 ppb for each studied compound. The variation coefficients were less than 5% over the concentration range from 1 to 100 ppb. The accuracy was between 98.63 and 104.62% for each triazinic herbicide. The recovery was between 58.64 and 63.22% for the concentration range from 1 to 100 ppb for each triazinic herbicide. The assay was successfully applied to the analysis of several breast milk samples.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry↗

PubMed2003

A chromatographic approach to analyze dansyl amino acid-HP-beta-CD association using macrocyclic antibiotic as the stationary phase.

The retention mechanism for a series of D,L-dansyl amino acids in high-performance liquid chromatography is investigated using a teicoplanin stationary phase and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) as the mobile phase additive (0-16mM). A theoretical treatment is developed to determine the HP-beta-CD influence on the equilibrium between the teicoplanin phase and the aqueous medium, respectively. From the experimental data, the association constants of the D,L-dansyl amino acids-HP-beta-CD inclusion complexes are determined and discussed in relation to the enantiomer structure. A thermodynamic study confirms that both the retention and complexation mechanisms are independent of the dansyl amino acid molecular structure and its absolute carbon configuration.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed2002

[Fractal art in separative sciences].

Fractal geometry has provided a mathematical formalism for describing complex and dynamical structures. It has been applied successfully in a variety of areas such as astronomy, economics and biology. Because of its success in such a variety of areas it is natural to develop fractal application in separative sciences.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed2001

Comparison of two hard keratinous substrates submitted to the action of a keratinase using an experimental design.

The influence of temperature, pH, keratinase concentration, substrate concentration and incubation time on the soluble proteins released by a new keratinase from Doratomyces microsporus was studied with a second-order experimental design. Only 15 or 18 spectrophotometric analyses were required to determine the optimal experimental conditions for this keratinase on nail and hoof. This study was carried out by measuring, according to Smith's method, the concentration of soluble proteins released by the enzyme on two substrates: nails and sheep hooves. Results give optimum conditions for the keratinase to release the soluble proteins: pH 8.2, keratinase concentration 0.14% (weight of keratinase lyophilisate/final volume) and substrate concentration 5% (weight of nail powder/final volume) for nails; temperature 38.8 degrees C, pH 9, substrate concentration 5% (weight of hoof powder/final volume) and a 5 h 55 min incubation time for hooves.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

A mathematical model for hydrodynamic and size exclusion chromatography of polymers on porous particles.

When packed columns filled with porous particles are used for the separation of macromolecules, either size exclusion chromatography (SEC), hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC), or a combination of both determine the macromolecule retention mechanism. This paper develops a simple mathematical model to describe a molecular weight calibration graph, which includes both HDC and SEC. There is a transition between the HDC calibration region at higher molecular weights to an SEC region at lower molecular weights. The degree to which SEC and HDC are mixed depends on the particle diameter, the relative size of the pores, and the macromolecule size. In addition, using fractal considerations, the fractal character of the apparent selectivity between two adjacent peaks on the chromatogram is shown. This model constitutes an attractive tool to enhance the expansion of these two chromatographic techniques for the separation of biological or synthetical macromolecules.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2001

Mobile phase viscosity and velocity dependence on protein retention using nonequilibrium chromatographic techniques.

Nonequilibrium chromatography (NEC) is an alternative chromatographic procedure for the separation of macromolecules. The retardation of a protein series is studied using a phosphate buffer as a mobile phase with various concentrations of glycerol fraction (used as a viscosity modifier) at different mobile phase velocities and a C1 column with a very low packing particle diameter as a stationary phase. It is shown that the two factors (viscosity and velocity) of the mobile phase constituted important parameters in the retention mechanism of the proteins in NEC. The retardation velocity domain is divided into two regions. For low velocity regions, the protein retention decreased with a mobile phase velocity increase. This retention is enhanced above a critical value of the mobile phase velocity. The transition between the two well-known NEC methods, slalom chromatography and hydrodynamic chromatography, is clearly visualized for the first time for the protein retention of particular values of the mobile phase velocity.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Novel approach to the study of the chiral discrimination. Mechanism in a series of imidazole derivatives using HPLC.

In high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using poly (octadecylsiloxane) as a stationary phase, phosphate buffer as a mobile phase, a series of R-S imidazole derivatives as solutes, and beta-CD (beta-CD) and hydroxypropyl-beta-CD (HP-beta-CD) as chiral selectors, a study on the hydrophobic effect on both the solute complexation with the chiral selector and chiral discrimination mechanisms was carried out by varying the sucrose concentration c in the mobile phase and the column temperature T. An original mathematical treatment was developed to calculate the degree of complexation, rho (the percent of complexed guest solute), and the number of sucrose molecules excluded from both the uncomplexed solute-RP18 stationary phase interface (when the solute transfer occurred) and the solute-CD interface during the complexation process. This number of sucrose molecules was an image of the relative intensity of the hydrophobic effect and the inclusion degree of the solute in the chiral selector. Different Van't Hoff plot shapes of the degree of complexation and sucrose molecule number were observed with beta-CD and HP-beta-CD indicating a change in the solute inclusion and chiral discrimination.

2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin↗

PubMed2000

Hydrophylic surfactant-imidazole derivative association studied by RPLC using a hydroorganic solution.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for an association study of imidazole derivatives in surfactant micellars using a hydrophilic detergent, i.e. Montanox DF 80 was presented. The thermodynamic results obtained showed that imidazole association in the surfactant micelles was effective over a concentration of surfactant equal to approximatively 4 x 10(-4) mol/l. In addition, an enthalpy-entropy compensation study revealed that the type of interaction between the solute and the RP18 stationary phase was independent of the molecular structure. The thermodynamic variations observed were considered to be the result of equilibrium displacement between the solute and free ethanol (respectively free surfactant) and its clusters (respectively to micelles) created in the mobile phase.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

PubMed2000

Column efficiency and separation of DNA fragments using slalom chromatography: hydrodynamic study and fractal considerations.

Novel equations (Guillaume Y. C.; et al. Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 853) were developed to describe the large double-stranded DNA molecule retention in slalom chromatography (SC). These equations were applied for the first time to model both the "apparent selectivity" and the resolution between two eluted DNA fragments on a chromatogram. A study of the column efficiency corroborated the fact that slalom chromatography is not based on an adsorption or equilibrium phenomenon, but can be attributed to a hydrodynamic phenomenon. Using a combination of the dynamics of DNA fragment progression in the column and fractal considerations, it was shown that the apparent selectivity depends both on the DNA fragment sizes and mobile-phase flow rate and therefore a balance between two hydrodynamic regimes. A chromatographic response function was also used to obtain the most efficient separation conditions for a mixture of DNA fragments in a minimum analysis time. The chromatographic data confirmed that in SC the flow rate can increase or maintain the separation efficiency with an associated decrease in the analysis time. This constitutes an attractive outcome in relation to the classical chromatographic separation.

Chromatography↗

PubMed2000

Mobile-phase-viscosity dependence on DNA separation in slalom chromatography.

Slalom chromatography (SC) is an alternative chromatographic procedure for the separation of relatively large double-stranded DNA molecules and is based on a new principle. The retardation of the DNA fragments from the cleavage of the Lambda DNA by the KpnI restriction enzyme was studied using an acetonitrile-phosphate buffer as a mobile phase with various concentrations of viscosity modifier (i.e. glycerol) and a C1 column as a stationary phase. The DNA molecule retention was accurately described over the glycerol concentration range using a model previously established. It was shown that the eluent viscosity increase enhanced the slalom chromatographic capacity to separate the DNA fragments. A connection between SC and 'hydrodynamic chromatography' processes was predicted to link the two processes in a global separation mechanism based on a non-equilibrium principle.

Chromatography, Liquid↗

PubMed2000

Mechanism of DNA hydrodynamic separation in chromatography.

An alternative chromatographic procedure for the separation of large double-stranded DNA molecules was discovered recently and called "slalom chromatography". This fractionation is based on a new hydrodynamic process that is determined by the progression of the mobile-phase flow through the interstitial spaces created between the highly packed particles inside the column. Here, the separation is treated as the result of a slowing down of the large double-stranded DNA fragments in relation to their size with the flow direction changing around the particles. A model, based on the concept derived from the reorientation time of macromolecules, was adequate to describe the hydrodynamic phenomenon. This model constitutes an attractive tool to enhance the expansion of this chromatographic procedure and provide valuable information on the dynamic behavior of biological polymers.

Bacteriophage lambda↗

PubMed1999

Chromatographic approach to study beta-cyclodextrin as a promoter of the penetration of bifonazole into keratinic tissue.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of bifonazole in dimethyl sulfoxide solvent was developed to study its penetration into sheephoof. The analytical method was linear over the concentration range studied, i.e., from 0.1 mg/ml to 1 mg/ml. The relative standard deviation was less than 2%. The data obtained showed that complex forming with beta-cyclodextrin greatly improved the penetration of bifonazole.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

A first order experimental design to assess soluble proteins released by a new keratinase from Doratomyces microsporus on human substrates.

The influence of temperature, pH, keratinase concentration, substrate concentration and incubation time on the soluble proteins released by a new keratinase from Doratomyces microsporus was studied with an experimental design assisted by a simplex method. Only 16 spectrophotometric analyses were required. This study was carried out by measuring, according to Smith's method, the concentration of soluble proteins released by the enzyme on two human substrates: stratum corneum and nails. Results give optimum conditions for the keratinase to release the soluble proteins: Temperature, 28 degrees C; pH, 9.5; keratinase concentration, 0.94% (weight of keratinase lyophilisat/final volume), substrate concentration, 4.9% (weight of skin powder/final volume); and a 5 h 50 min incubation for the stratum corneum. Temperature, 37 degrees C; pH, 9.2, keratinase concentration, 0.11% (weight of keratinase lyophilisat/final volume); substrate concentration, 4.9% (weight of nail powder/final volume) and a 6 h 10 min incubation time for nails.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1999

Chemometric approach to the treatment of benzodiazepine separation and peak broadening in capillary electrophoresis.

A chemometric methodology was used to study capillary efficiency and the separation of ten benzodiazepines in capillary electrophoresis. The resolution between two adjacent peaks on the electropherogram was estimated and the overall quality of the separation was assessed by means of a new response function. The nature (methanol or acetonitrile) and proportion of the organic modifier both in the background electrolyte and the sample buffer and the injection time were considered. The results predicted that if the sample had a lower dielectric constant than the background electrolyte buffer then a much larger injection volume could be used. The computer optimization routine was experimentally validated and the result demonstrated that the fastest electrophoretic reparation was obtained with acetonitrile (7 min instead of 9 min with methanol).

Acetonitriles↗

PubMed1999

Chromatographic study of magnesium and calcium binding to immobilized human serum albumin.

The use of immobilized human serum albumin (HSA) as a stationary phase in affinity chromatography has been shown to be useful in resolving optical antipodes or to investigate interactions between drugs and protein. However, to our knowledge, no inorganic ion binding has been studied on this immobilized protein type. To do this, the human serum albumin stationary phase was assimilated to a weak cation-exchanger by working with a mobile phase pH equal to 6.5. A study of the eluent ionic strength effect on ion retention was carried out by varying the buffer concentrations and the column temperatures. The thermodynamic parameters for magnesium and calcium transfer from the mobile to the stationary phase were determined from linear van't Hoff plots. An enthalpy-entropy compensation study revealed that the type of interaction was independent of the mobile phase composition. A simple model based on the Gouy-Chapman theory was considered in order to describe the retention behavior of the test cations with the mobile phase ionic strength. From this theoretical approach, the relative charge densities of the human serum albumin surface implied in the binding process were estimated at different column temperatures.

Calcium↗

PubMed1999

Symmetry breaking during the formation of beta-cyclodextrin-imidazole inclusion compounds: capillary electrophoresis study.

A mathematical model was developed for the estimation of binding constants by capillary electrophoresis. The effective electrophoretic mobility in a solute mixture is dependent on the cyclodextrin concentration in the background electrolyte (BGE) as well as the stoichiometry and the binding constant of the guest-cyclodextrin complex. As well, a determination of the degree of complexation, nc (the percent of complexed guest) could be carried out. The model was applied to a series of imidazole derivatives. Thermodynamic data for the solute complexation mechanism were calculated. Different van't Hoff plot shapes of the degree of complexation were observed with different BGE pH values, indicating a change in the solute complexation mechanism. Enthalpy-entropy compensation revealed that the solute complexation mechanism was independent of the imidazole derivative molecular structure, the same at pH = 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, and 6.5 but changed at pH = 7.0 and 7.5. Topological defects formed during a symmetry-breaking transition could be responsible for the modification of the structure of the cyclodextrin cavity and explained the nc variations in relation to pH and temperature.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1999

Reanalysis of solute retention on immobilized human serum albumin using fractal geometry.

Earlier experimental data for sucrose dependence of dansyl amino acid retention on immobilized human serum albumin (Peyrin E.; et al. Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 2812) are reexamined within a fractal framework. A mathematical development based on the fractal geometry of Mandelbrot is proposed to provide a more realistic picture of the molecular association between the ligand and the site II cavity. The fractal dimension D of the cavity surface is calculated using the theoretical approach from previous data. Results show that the surface morphology of the cavity is strongly influenced by the surface tension effects of sucrose molecules, the salting-out agent leveling the surface irregularities. In addition, dansyl amino acid retention and thermodynamic parameter variations are discussed using this fractal concept of surface fluctuations.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1999

Characterization of solute binding at human serum albumin site II and its geometry using a biochromatographic approach.

Chiral recognition mechanism relationships for binding at site II on human serum albumin (HSA) were investigated using D, L dansyl amino acids. Sodium phosphate salt was used as a solute-HSA interaction modifier. A new model was developed using a biochromatographic approach to describe the variation in the transfer equilibrium constant with the salt concentration, i.e., the nature of the interactions. The solute binding was divided into two salt concentration ranges c. For the low c values, below 0.03 M, the nonstereoselective interactions constituted the preponderant contribution to the variation in the solute binding with the salt concentration. For the high c values, above 0.03 M, the solute binding was governed by the hydrophobic effect and the stereoselective interactions. The different contributions implied in the binding process provided an estimation of both the surface charge density (sigma/F) and the surface area of the site II binding cavity accessible to solvent, which were found to be equal to around 10.10(-7) mol/m(2) and 2 nm(2). As well, the excess of sodium ions excluded by the solute transfer from the surface area of the pocket were about(-0.7) for dansyl norvaline and (-0.8) for dansyl tryptophan.

Binding Sites↗