[Gastroesophageal reflux (round table I)].
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Anti-Ulcer Agents↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Caussignac
Publications and source records attributed to Y Caussignac.
Stimulation of glucagon secretion by gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with hepatic cirrhosis and hyperglucagonemia.
Porcine gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) was infused iv (120 micrograms in 60 min) in seven patients with biopsy-proven hepatic cirrhosis who had surgical porta-caval anastomoses and hyperglucagonemia in the postabsorptive state. The infusions resulted in elevation of blood levels of immunoreactive GIP into the upper range of those observed after ingestion of large mixed meals. This was accompanied by significant increments in immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) in the plasma. Similar infusions in two cirrhotic patients with surgical porta-caval anastomoses who had normal plasma IRG levels in the postabsorptive state had no effect on the plasma IRG level. Ingestion of triglyceride (60 g) in hyperglucagonemic cirrhotic patients with porta-caval anastomoses also resulted in elevation of plasma immunoreactive GIP, and this was again associated with significant elevation of the plasma IRG level. Chromatography studies showed that the increments in plasma IRG after the administration of GIP or triglyceride were largely accounted for by increases in pancreatic-type glucagon. There were no significant effects of administration of GIP or triglyceride on the blood levels of glucose or immunoreactive insulin. It is concluded that porcine GIP is glucagonotropic in patients with cirrhosis of the liver who show elevated levels of IRG in the plasma in the postabsorptive state. This effect is not due to diversion of portal blood to the systemic circulation and may be attributable to hypersensitivity of the alpha-cells to stimulation by GIP.
Blood Glucose↗
Starvation in the rat: effect on peptides of the gut and brain.
The effects of starvation on the tissue concentrations of some peptides common to the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system have been examined. Groups of 6 rats were either fed ad libitum or starved for up to 4 days and killed by decapitation. Antrum, fundus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, pancreas and brain were dissected, weighed and then frozen on dry ice. The tissues were extracted sequentially in boiling water and 3% acetic acid, centrifuged and the supernatants radioimmunoassayed for gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and somatostatin. Each peptide was not assayed in each tissue. Starvation had no effect on the concentrations of peptides measured in the fundus (somatostatin and VIP), ileum (somatostatin, GIP, VIP) and colon (somatostatin, GIP, VIP). VIP concentration was increased in the jejunum and GIP was increased in both the duodenum and jejunum. Antral gastrin was the only peptide in the gastrointestinal tract to be decreased by food deprivation. Somatostatin concentration was approximately doubled in the antrum, duodenum, jejunum and pancreas. Brain VIP was unchanged. Brain somatostatin and CCK were significantly reduced by starvation. We conclude that starvation results in organ-specific and hormone-specific alterations in tissue concentrations of peptides of the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system.
Animals↗
[Predictive value of preoperative acidity tests in ulcer recurrence after supraselective vagotomy].
The authors have analysed the predictive value of the basal and peak gastric acidity levels, measured preoperatively, in a series of 27 supraselective vagotomies. They recommend care in the choice of this operation for hypersecretors and they propose criteria for the preoperative selection of the candidates. They suggest determination of the preoperative basal gastric acidity level and a cimetidine suppression test to identify patients at high risk for recurrence of the ulcer.
Adult↗
Trophic effects of chronic bethanechol on pancreas, stomach, and duodenum in rats.
Rats received a daily injection of 2, 6, or 12 mg kg-1 bethanechol for 7 or 14 days. Pancreatic weight and content of protein, amylase, and chymotrypsinogen were increased in a dose and time dependent fashion by bethanechol. After 14 days of treatment with the highest dose, pancreatic weight and total pancreatic DNA content increased to 1.18 times control (P less than 0.05) while protein increased to 1.25, amylase to 1.85, and chymotrypsinogen to 1.72 times control. There was a slight increase in oxyntic gland area weight in bethanechol-treated rats, but content of DNA, protein, and pepsinogen were not changed. Bethanechol had no effect on duodenal weight or content of DNA, protein, or maltase. Acute administration of 12 mg kg-1 bethanechol increased circulating gastrin levels for at least 4 h in unanesthetized rats. We conclude that long-term treatment with a cholinergic agonist produces pancreatic hyperplasia and increases protein and enzyme content. Under the conditions of this study, no effects were seen on oxyntic gland area of stomach or duodenum.
Animals↗
Humoral growth factor after small intestinal resection in the dog.
The serum of dogs with a 50% proximal small bowel resection is capable of growth stimulation in small intestinal epithelioid cells in monolayer culture. This overstimulation by postresection serum is not seen when dogs undergo either a small intestinal transection or a simple laparotomy or with baby hamster kidney fibroblast cells in culture. The effect does not seem to be represented by a gastrinlike molecule. This study lends support to the hypothesis that a humoral factor is involved in small intestinal adaptation after partial resection.
Animals↗
[Severe diarrhea associated with antibiotics].
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Adolescent↗
Hyperglucagonemia in liver cirrhosis with portal-systemic venous anastomoses: responses of plasma glucagon and gastric inhibitory polypeptide to oral or intravenous glucose in cirrhotics with normal or elevated fasting plasma glucose levels.
Plasma immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) was examined in volunteers with biopsy-proven cirrhosis of the liver after recovery from surgical portal--caval anastomosis. A wide range of increased total plasma IRG concentrations was found after overnight fast in groups of cirrhotic subjects with and without fasting hyperglycemia. Gel filtration chromatography of plasma showed a major component in the 3500-mol wt fraction in all cases so studied. Administration of glucose i.v. caused rapid suppression of total plasma IRG in normoglycemic and non-insulin-dependent hyperglycemic cirrhotic subjects. After administration of oral glucose, total plasma IRG was suppressed rapidly in normoglycemic cirrhotic subjects, while non-insulin-dependent hyperglycemic cirrhotic subjects exhibited delayed but prolonged suppression. Chromatography of selected plasma with glucose-suppressed total IRG showed a major decrease in the 3500-mol wt component in every case. Exaggerated increments of plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide were demonstrable in both groups of cirrhotic individuals after administration of oral glucose, and it is speculated that this peptide may contribute to stimulation of glucagon secretion in liver disease associated with insulin deficiency.
Administration, Oral↗