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Biomedical subjects

Y Cetinkaya

Publications and source records attributed to Y Cetinkaya.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

A retrospective review of 228 episodes of infective endocarditis where rheumatic valvular disease is still common.

Two hundred and twenty-eight episodes of infective endocarditis in adult patients (mean age 36 years) were reviewed retrospectively. There were 183 episodes (80%) of native valve, 15 (7%) early prosthetic valve and 30 (13%) late prosthetic valve endocarditis. The most common predisposing factor was rheumatic valvular disease (65%). None of the patients were intravenous drug users. According to the Duke criteria, the number of definite, probable and rejected episodes were 121 (53%), 94 (41%) and 13 (6%), respectively. Additional minor criteria increased the number of definite endocarditis to 82%. The Duke criteria are not primarily intended to influence treatment decisions but are helpful in standardising research activities. The choice of the level of sensitivity or specificity of the criteria may be adjusted according to the aim of the study and prevalence of disease in a particular area. More sensitive criteria may be valuable in those countries where the prevalence of rheumatic valvular disease is still high.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of cefepime and ceftazidime in combination with amikacin in the empirical treatment of high-risk patients with febrile neutropenia: a prospective, randomized, multicenter study.

A total of 208 adult patients with cancer and febrile neutropenia from 5 medical institutions were randomized to receive either cefepime (2 g b.i.d.) or ceftazidime (2 g t.i.d.) in combination with amikacin (15 mg/kg/o.d.). Ninety-seven patients in the ceftazidime (CEZ) group and 98 in the cefepime group (CEF) were evaluable for efficacy. In 68 patients (35%), infection could be documented. The average duration of antibiotic therapy was 11 and 12 d and response rates to the empirical regimen were 36 and 30% for the CEZ and CEF groups, respectively (p > 0.05). The average time of defervescence in responders was 3 d for both groups. Modification of the initial regimen with antivirals and/or azole antifungals raised the number of responders to 44% and 35%, respectively (p > 0.05). Vancomycin was additionally given to 29 patients in the CEZ group and to 27 patients in the CEF group. Twenty-six patients in each group received empirical amphotericin B. Mild, reversible study drug-related side-effects were observed in 12 patients (12%) in the CEZ group and 13 patients (13%) in the CEF group (p > 0.05). Cefepime in combination with amikacin seems to be as effective, safe and tolerable as ceftazidime + amikacin in patients with high-risk neutropenia and fever.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci.

After they were first identified in the mid-1980s, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) spread rapidly and became a major problem in many institutions both in Europe and the United States. Since VRE have intrinsic resistance to most of the commonly used antibiotics and the ability to acquire resistance to most of the current available antibiotics, either by mutation or by receipt of foreign genetic material, they have a selective advantage over other microorganisms in the intestinal flora and pose a major therapeutic challenge. The possibility of transfer of vancomycin resistance genes to other gram-positive organisms raises significant concerns about the emergence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. We review VRE, including their history, mechanisms of resistance, epidemiology, control measures, and treatment.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2000

Analysis of a mini-outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a surgical ward by using arbitrarily primed-polymerase chain reaction.

In November 1995, an increase was noticed in the number of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from a surgical ward at Hacettepe University Hospital. All MRSA isolates obtained from clinical specimens in this ward (14 MRSA isolates from wound cultures of 10 patients) were collected prospectively for 10 weeks. Surveillance cultures were taken from ward personnel (nose cultures from 4 physicians, 7 nurses, 1 secretary, 1 waiter), 2 surgical dressing containers and 1 nebulizer. MRSA was isolated from one of the surgical dressing containers, the nebulizer and nose cultures of 3 physicians, 3 nurses and the ward secretary. Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) analysis showed that most MRSA isolates belonged to 2 major clones (pattern A, pattern B). Pattern A was the most frequent one and was present in 4 clinical isolates, surgical dressing container-1. Pattern B was identified in 3 clinical isolates and nose culture of physician-3. AP-PCR analysis revealed that this mini-MRSA outbreak was caused by contamination of surgical dressing container with MRSA and nasal MRSA carriage in ward staff. AP-PCR seems to be a valuable typing method for analysis of nosocomial MRSA outbreaks because of its simplicity and rapidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

In vitro activity of a new echinocandin, LY303366, compared with those of amphotericin B and fluconazole against clinical yeast isolates.

The in vitro activity of LY303366, a new echinocandin derivative, was evaluated with 191 yeast isolates by a broth microdilution method. The MICs at which 50% of the isolates were inhibited were 0.125 microg/ml for Candida albicans and C. tropicalis, 0.25 microg/ml for C. krusei, C. kefyr, and C. glabrata, and 2.0 microg/ml for C. parapsilosis.

Amphotericin B↗