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Biomedical subjects

Y D Lapierre

Publications and source records attributed to Y D Lapierre.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Electrophysiological and behavioral correlates of psychomotor responsivity in depression.

Psychomotor retardation is a frequently observed clinical feature of depressive states. This study attempted to assess the relationship between response slowness and central nervous system (CNS) activity by examining cortical evoked potentials (EPs) during psychomotor task performance. Patients consisted of 21 women who met Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) and exhibited a minimum Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score of 18 at the end of a drug washout period, the scheduled time of testing. The same number of normal women with no history of psychiatric illness were employed as controls. Cortical EPs from Cz and integrated electromyogram (EMG) from the dominant forearm extensor were recorded and time-locked to warning and imperative stimuli of a standard, two-choice, fixed foreperiod reaction time (RT) task, which yielded behavioral measures of decision time (DT) and movement time (MT). Analysis focused on behavioral RTs, latency and amplitudes of EMG, sensory and slow cortical (CNV) EPs, and measures of input time (IPT), central processing time (CPT), and motor execution time (MET), derived from combinations of EP and EMG peak latencies. Patients exhibited slower DT and MT response times, delayed EMG latencies, and attenuated EP amplitudes. The derived CPT measure was also significantly longer in patients. These findings support the view that a central dysfunction is implicated in psychomotor retardation, and the results are discussed in relation to information processing theory.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Clinical and biological correlates of panic states.

Panic states may be a presenting symptom in medical or psychiatric conditions. It is also a discrete diagnostic entity with distinct genetic, clinical and biological profiles. This paper reviews the salient features of the condition and its clinical presentation including its biological characteristics.

Agoraphobia↗
PubMed1987

Computerized EEG correlates of depression and antidepressant treatment.

Quantitative EEG was used to examine: differences between non-medicated depressives and normal controls; chronic effects of antidepressant drug treatment. Spectral analysis of cortical EEG activity revealed: significant group differences in slow and fast wave activity and significant differences in hemispheric asymmetry; limited effects of antidepressants which were restricted to slow wave activity. Group differences are supportive of cortical disactivation of the right-hemisphere in depressive disorders and the limited drug-EEG effects in depressives argue for additional studies on multi-lead oriented pharmaco-EEG profiles in psychiatric populations.

1-Naphthylamine↗
PubMed1987

Manic-like reaction induced by lorazepam withdrawal.

The benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms are presented here. The psychotic reactions to benzodiazepine withdrawal are seldom described in the literature. We report a case of acute manic-like reaction induced by sudden lorazepam withdrawal. The sudden release of catecholamines following abrupt cessation of short half-life benzodiazepine is suggested as underlying mechanism for such reaction.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of major affective disorder with fluvoxamine.

A placebo-controlled, double-blind study of 63 inpatients with major affective disorder was performed to compare the safety and efficacy of fluvoxamine and imipramine. Results indicate that fluvoxamine and imipramine are superior to placebo and demonstrate a trend toward superiority of fluvoxamine over imipramine. Fluvoxamine was generally well tolerated in most patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Plasma levels of maprotiline and zimelidine and their relationship to clinical response in depressed patients.

Plasma levels of maprotiline, zimelidine, and their respective demethylated metabolites were analyzed, and their relationship to the clinical response was examined, in 60 depressed patients given the drug treatment for 4 weeks. Significant correlation was found between zimelidine and norzimelidine levels (r = 0.531; p less than 0.05) as well as between the steady-state levels of total zimelidine and concentration of the drug 12 h after a single dose (r = 0.753; p less than 0.001). The ratios of drugs and their metabolites in individual patients remained remarkably constant throughout the study. Significant correlations between Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores and plasma levels of total maprotiline (r = 0.613; p less than 0.05) or norzimelidine (r = -0.552; p less than 0.05) were observed in subgroups of retarded depressives on day 14, and between HAMD scores and norzimelidine levels in retarded depressives (r = 0.703; p less than 0.02) and all patients (r = 0.436; p less than 0.02) on day 28. Both maprotiline and zimelidine produced marked decreases in mean HAMD scores by the end of treatment, but the overall clinical response between the various subgroups was not significantly different (x2 = 3.15; df = 3). Responders and nonresponders to treatment could not be distinguished by mean plasma levels of drugs or their metabolites when all patients were considered. However, a significant difference was found in maprotiline levels between responders and nonresponders within a subgroup of retarded depressives.

Anthracenes↗
PubMed1986

Effects of lactate-induced panic attacks on brain stem auditory evoked potentials.

As the clinical symptomatology of panic attacks may be conceivably related to abnormal brain stem activity, the present study examined the effect of lactate-precipitated panic on brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BSAEPs). The subjects were 27 patients who met DSM-III criteria for panic disorder (Pd), agoraphobia with panic attacks (AgPa) or agoraphobia (Ag). Following drug washout, patients were tested in two separate sessions, in a double-blind randomised controlled design in which each session involved two sequentially ordered BSAEP collection periods - a baseline period with no infusion followed by an intravenous infusion of 5% dextrose in water or 1.0 M sodium lactate (5 ml/kg in 5% dextrose/water) over a 20-min period. Of the 27 patients, 17 were clear responders, reporting panic attacks and self-report changes under lactate similar to those occurring during spontaneous panic. Of the remaining 10 patients, 6 were pseudo-responders, reporting panic symptoms under both dextrose and lactate, and 4 were non-responders. In the clear responders, lactate did not alter electrical events of the BSAEP, but further analysis within the clear responders, comparing AgPa patients with Pd patients, yielded a significant effect with lactate resulting in a prolonged III-V inter-peak interval in the AgPa group. It is suggested that the increased III-V interval in the AgPa group may be reflective of hyperactivity of brain stem noradrenergic nuclei.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1986

The use of tryptophan in normal-weight bulimia.

Animal studies have implicated serotonin in the regulation of eating behavior. Hypothalamic serotonin receptor sites have been postulated to explain the inhibitory effect of serotonin on feeding behavior. This case study reports on the successful diminution of bingeing behavior in a normal weight bulimic female who was administered oral tryptophan, a serotonin precursor. The patient received a six week trial of tryptophan at a daily dosage of 20 mg/kg. A cessation of both the urge to binge and the behavior itself was noted. These preliminary findings are consistent with animal models suggesting the regulation of satiety is dependent on the inhibitory action of serotonin. Implications for the treatment of bulimic individuals are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacologic management of aggressivity and self-mutilation in the mentally retarded.

The use of pharmacologic agents in the control of aggression and self-mutilation in the mentally retarded is controversial but at times necessary for the implementation of behavioral treatments. The choice of drug is often empirical, as the specific etiology of aggression is generally unknown. On the other hand, certain rare conditions may be treated specifically. Controlled therapeutic studies are still lacking, as most treatments are symptomatic and nonspecific.

Aggression↗
PubMed1986

Disulfiram and bipolar affective disorder: a case report.

The authors describe a case of bipolar affective disorder associated with disulfiram therapy and its interaction with ethanol. They recommend caution when prescribing disulfiram for patients with personal and familial antecedents of affective illness.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1985

Erythrocyte membrane sodium-potassium and magnesium ATPase in primary affective disorder.

Erythrocyte membrane Mg2+ ATPase and Na+-K+ ATPase were measured in patients with affective disorder, their well relatives, and normal controls during euthymic moods. On the average, the Mg2+ ATPase activity was high in subjects belonging to affective disorder families. However, the difference between normal and affective disordered individuals was not statistically significant. Only the well individuals from affective disorder pedigrees as a group had significantly higher than normal Mg2+ ATPase activity (p less than 0.05). The Na+-K+ ATPase activity was similar for all the groups, including normal, bipolar manic-depressive (with or without lithium), unipolar depressive, and well individuals. Lithium treatment did not seem to have any effect on Mg2+ ATPase. Even though the values of Na+-K+ ATPase in the lithium-treated group were high, it is not certain that this was due to lithium per se.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1985

Course of clinical response to antidepressants.

The postulated pharmacological mechanisms of antidepressant effect are reviewed. The clinical profile of response to antidepressants are linked to the pharmacological mechanisms. The limitations of presently available instruments for diagnosis and measurement of change in depression are discussed.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1985

Platelet 3H imipramine binding: a possible predictor of response to antidepressant treatment.

No significant difference in the density (Bmax) of platelet 3H imipramine recognition sites were found between the group of 20 unmedicated depressed patients and 10 healthy volunteers. The mean KD value was significantly higher in the population of depressives than in controls. Non-responders (after 2 weeks of treatment with antidepressants) had significantly lower initial Bmax values than responders or control subjects. Density of platelet 3H imipramine site may thus be a predictor of early response to antidepressant therapy. No significant sex differences were found in KD or Bmax values in the depressed group or in control subjects. There was, however, a seasonal variation in Bmax but not in KD values of platelet 3H imipramine binding.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Cholinesterases in primary affective disorders.

Cholinesterase activities were measured in plasma (ChE) and in intact erythrocytes (AChE) in patients suffering from manic-depressive illness, their first degree relatives who were well, and unrelated normal volunteers. All the subjects were in a normal mood state at the time of testing. Plasma cholinesterase activity was found to be significantly lower than normal in bipolar (BP), unipolar (UP), other affective disorder (OA) and well subjects belonging to manic-depressive families. Intact erythrocyte cholinesterase (true cholinesterase) activity was also found to be significantly lower than normal in all the above mentioned patients and their relatives. Half of the BP subjects were on lithium treatment and their cholinesterase activities were similar to those patients not on lithium treatment. The data suggest a significant role of cholinergic mechanisms in the etiology of manic-depressive illness.

Adolescent↗