Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Y Dodo.
MR imaging was performed on a patient with syphilitic myelitis. T2-weighted images showed high intensity areas in the thoracic spinal cord. On T1-weighted images after gadolinium-DTPA injection, heterogeneous enhancement was observed in the superficial portion of the spinal cord. The intramedullary high intensity areas on T2-weighted images disappeared after antibiotic therapy.
Between 1966 and 1988, 149 patients were treated with radiotherapy for localized extranodal lymphoma. The average total dose given was 39.8 Gy for low grade disease and 48.7 Gy for all other disease. Of the 149 patients, 60 also received adjuvant chemotherapy. Twenty-four had low grade lymphoma, 109 had intermediate grade disease, and 16 had high grade disease, histologically. The distribution of histological grade and T/B phenotype varied with the primary site. Low grade lymphomas were found mainly in the orbit, and T-cell lymphomas were found in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. The 5-year survival rates according to tumor location were 89% for oral cavity, 86% for paranasal sinus, 83% for thyroid, 69% for orbit, 47% for Waldeyer's ring (WAR), 44% for testis, 23% for CNS, 21% for nasal cavity and 60% for other sites. Histological grade and T/B phenotype both had prognostic importance. Combined chemotherapy significantly improved the survival rate only for disease with intermediate or high grade histology. Other prognostic factors according to the primary site were the bulk of lymph node for WAR disease, the radiation dose for CNS disease, bone erosion for orbital disease, stridor for disease of the thyroid, and the tumor stage for disease of both the testis and the thyroid.
Thirty patients with histologically proven primary intracranial non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated at Kyoto University. Ten of them were treated prospectively with a radiation-chemotherapy protocol. All but four specimens were recently reexamined and classified according to the Working Formulation system. The predominant histologic types were diffuse large cell type, large cell immunoblastic type, and diffuse mixed small and large cell type, seen in 38%, 21%, and 21% of cases, respectively. Before 1980, 16 patients were treated with postoperative radiation without definite chemotherapy, and only one has survived more than 5 years. Local recurrence was the most common cause of failure. In 1981, the authors started a protocol in which four to six courses of systemic chemotherapy with vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and prednisolone (VEPA) was given after whole brain radiation (30-40 Gy) with a local boost up to 50 to 60 Gy. Eight patients completed this protocol, and all of them are alive at 16 to 100 months after diagnosis, with three patients surviving more than 5 years. Only one patient developed recurrence. On the other hand, six patients who did not complete or receive chemotherapy after 1981 are dead or alive with recurrence. Correlation between the Working Formulation subtype and prognosis was not clear because of the variety of treatment. Two patients receiving chemotherapy developed brain necrosis, which was fatal in one case, and the other two patients treated with the protocol are in a poor state without signs of recurrence. Chemotherapy may enhance the radiation effect on normal brain tissue as well as tumor. Combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy can improve the survival rate, but the optimal dosage needs to be investigated further.
Cranial vault thicknesses were measured directly with a spreading caliper at six anatomical reference points in the modern Japanese and Neolithic Jomon series. Because no statistically significant correlation was found between age and cranial thickness in our study, the age-related change in thickness was not indicated in the modern Japanese. The cranial thicknesses at the frontal and parietal eminences were significantly greater in the female than in the male in modern Japanese. In the male series the cranial thickness of the Neolithic Jomon was significantly greater than that of modern Japanese. It is suggested that the temporal change that has occurred in Japan during the last 2000 years is consistent with the trend toward decreasing cranial thickness during the last 10,000 years in many parts of the world.
The author previously proposed a simple standard for diagnosing the jugular foramen bridging in man. The incidence of this bridging trait was investigated according to that standard in nine cranial series of East Indians, Micronesians, Japanese, Ainu, Mongols, Aleuts, Alaskan Eskimos, Canadian Eskimos, and Ontario Iroquois. No sex difference in incidence of the trait was recognized. Side difference in trait incidence was also slight but was statistically significant in the combined series of all the population samples examined. The bridging trait occurred more frequently on the right side than on the left side. Occurrences of the bridging trait were definitely associated between sides. Incidence of the trait was less in East Indians, Ontario Iroquois, and Micronesians, but greater in Alaskan Eskimos and Canadian Eskimos, the incidences in Japanese, Ainu, Aleuts, and Mongols being intermediate. The differences in trait incidence among the nine population samples were considered to reflect the differences in genetic compositions of these specific populations.
Large radiosensitization of C3H/He mouse mammary tumors was obtained with the combination of a non-protein sulfhydryl (NPSH) depletor, diethyl maleate (DEM), and misonidazole (MISO), compared with MISO alone over a range of MISO dose. The difference in enhancement ratios (ER's) for these two treatments was especially prominent at small MISO doses. ER's of 2.06 and 1.44 were obtained, respectively, by combined treatment with DEM (760 mg/kg) and MISO (100 mg/kg) or treatment with MISO alone. Radiosensitization of tumors by DEM alone was observed for doses over 600 mg/kg. When DEM was combined with MISO (100 mg/kg), ER's of the combination were larger than that of MISO alone, for doses over 400 mg/kg of DEM. Similarly, in case of DEM plus MISO (300 mg/kg), the ER's became larger than MISO alone, for doses over 200 mg/kg of DEM. The NPSH content in untreated tumors was 1.08 mmole/kg on the average and no changes in NPSH content was observed after MISO treatment. DEM treatment markedly reduced the NPSH content of tumors as a function of DEM dose and this decrease in NPSH was not significantly affected by MISO treatment. Tumor NPSH was reduced to 24% or less of control by administration of 760 mg/kg of DEM with or without MISO. These results are consistent with competition theory of NPSH and electron affinic radiosensitizers.
The anatomical nature and pattern of incidence of bony bridging of the jugular foramen was investigated using 64 fetal crania aged nine months to term and 222 adult crania of Japanese. In addition, the region of the jugular foramen of an adult cadaver was carefully dissected in order to clarify the relationship between the cranial nerves passing through the jugular foramen and the intrajugular processes of the jugular foramen. The general conclusions concerning the anatomical nature of the bony bridging of the jugular foramen were as follows. (1) The intrajugular process of the temporal bone is situated posterior to the triangular depression (as described in Gray's Anatomy) of the petrous part. (2) The bony bridging of the jugular foramen is established by the contact of the intrajugular process of the temporal bone with the bony process of the occipital bone projecting either from just above the hypoglossal canal (Type I) or from posterior to the hypoglossal canal (Type III). (3) If both the processes of the occipital bone reach the intrajugular process of the temporal bone simultaneously, the jugular foramen is divided into three compartments. (4) In the case of Type I bridging, the anteromedial compartment transmits the glossopharyngeal nerve, while the posterolateral compartment gives passage to the vagus nerve, the accessory nerve and the internal jugular vein. (5) In the case of Type II bridging, the anteromedial compartment contains the glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves, and the posterolateral compartment transmits the internal jugular vein. (6) When tripartite division of the jugular foramen occurs, the anteromedial compartment transmits the glossopharyngeal nerve, the middle compartment contains the vagus and accessory nerves, and the posterolateral compartment transmits the internal jugular vein. Concerning the pattern of incidence of jugular foramen bridging in the Japanese fetal and adult cranial series, this is similar to that of the bony bridging of the hypoglossal canal. The fact that almost all the cases of bridging of the jugular foramen are already established by the end of fetal development must serve as a strong indication that this trait can be used effectively for anthropological population studies.
An enlarged umbilical vein was detected on lateral chest radiographs of three patients with liver cirrhosis. It appeared as a round or lobulated shadow in fatty tissue of the anterior abdominal wall.
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Clinical results of radiothermotherapy applied to 40 radioresistant tumors in 36 patients were reported. Hyperthermia was administered locally using two radiofrequency (RF) capacitive heating equipment systems developed in our institution under the collaboration of Yamamoto Vinyter Co. Ltd. Hyperthermia was given twice weekly immediately after irradiation. Intratumor temperatures of 41 degrees C to 44 degrees C were maintained for 30 to 60 minutes. Radiation doses varied from 32 Gy to 60 Gy. Of the 40 tumors treated, 21 (53%) showed complete response, 16 (40%) partial response, and 3 (7%) no response when the tumor response was assessed by tumor size measurement. Of eight patients who had matched tumors treated with either radiation alone or radiation plus hyperthermia, six patients showed better response in tumors treated with radiothermotherapy than in tumors treated with radiation alone. Skin reactions following radiothermotherapy and radiation alone were comparable. The tumor response was greatly dependent on the tumor size. Greater response was observed in small tumors, although histologic examinations and long-term follow-up studies revealed an excellent effect of radiothermotherapy on the large tumors as well as on the small tumors. Tumor responses correlated with tumor center temperatures but not with histologic features. Our clinical results indicate that RF hyperthermia combined with radiation has a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of radioresistant cancers.
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The CT findings in a case of calcified gastric carcinoma of the mucin-producing type are described. These findings include localized thickening of the gastric wall and multiple tiny calcific nodules within it.
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