Biomedical subjects

Y Folman

Publications and source records attributed to Y Folman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

Effect of calcium soaps of fatty acids and administration of somatotropin on milk production, preovulatory follicular development, and plasma and follicular fluid lipid composition in high yielding dairy cows.

The effect of fat and bovine somatotropin (bST) on preovulatory follicular hormones and lipids was evaluated by feeding cows for 150 d from parturition a control diet, a control diet plus 0.55 kg/d of calcium soaps of fatty acids, or a control diet with 500 mg of bST injected every 14 d. Fourteen days after a synchronized or natural estrus, cows were injected with a PGF2 alpha analogue; 48 h later, follicular fluid from all ovarian follicles > 8 mm was aspirated. Cows fed fat or injected with bST produced more milk and milk solids than did control cows, and cows on the bST treatment lost more body condition after calving than did cows on the other treatments. Both treatments changed the proportion of estradiol-active follicles (> 400 ng of estradiol/ml of follicular fluid) and the correlation between follicular fluid estradiol concentration and the total number large follicles per cow. In follicles aspirated between 60 and 90 DIM the percentage of estradiol-active follicles was 67, 40, and 0 for cows on the control, calcium soaps of fatty acids, and bST treatments, respectively. After 90 DIM, no differences existed between treatments in the percentage of estradiol-active follicles. Estradiol concentration in follicular fluid was correlated with DIM at follicle aspiration (r = 0.51). The proportion of oleic acid in free fatty acids in plasma at 50 DIM was lower in control cows and was lower in follicular fluid of estradiol-active follicles. Both calcium soaps of fatty acids and bST had a considerable effect on follicular development and activity and the composition of fatty acids in follicles.

Androstenedione↗

PubMed1998

The effect of enhanced milk yield of dairy cows by frequent milking or suckling on intake and digestibility of the diet.

Groups of 9 or 10 cows were assigned to one of three treatments 1) machine-milking three times daily, 2) machine-milking six times daily, and 3) suckling three times daily in addition to machine-milking three times daily. Treatments were conducted during the first 6 wk postpartum. During wk 5, digestibility of the diet was estimated by the indigestible neutral detergent fiber method. During wk 6, milk yield and dry matter intake (DMI) were recorded daily, and plasma concentrations of glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, urea, protein, growth hormone, insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, oxytocin, and prolactin were determined. Milk yields were 38.5, 46.8, and 52.7 kg/d, and DMI were 18.1, 21.2, and 17.2, for cows on treatments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Plasma glucose concentrations decreased, and plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentrations increased, for cows on treatments 2 and 3 compared with cows on treatment 1. Digestibility of dry matter was 57.5, 60.5, and 60.6%; of organic matter was 62.6, 64.6, and 66.8%; and of crude protein was 59.3, 62.7, and 64.6% for cows on treatments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Concentrations of all assayed hormones, except insulin, increased moderately for cows on treatment 2 compared with cows on treatment 1 and increased dramatically for cows on treatment 3. Insulin concentrations followed the opposite trend. The DMI were positively related to milk yields and negatively related to oxytocin concentrations. Digestibility was negatively related to plasma glucose concentrations in a nonlinear pattern. The possible involvement of hormones in improvement of digestibility is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Brucellosis of the spine with a synchronous Staphylococcus aureus pyogenic elbow infection.

Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis and pyogenic arthritis has a different pattern in the elderly than in the young. The axial skeleton is the most frequent site of infection and treatment is usually by intravenous antibiotics. We report a case of Staph. aureus septic arthritis of the elbow with concomitant osteomyelitis of the spine that was thought to be due to Staph. aureus, but culture of debrided material from the lesion grew Brucella in culture. We suggest that in the elderly it is advisable to obtain a tissue culture diagnosis and not to instigate therapy based on positive blood cultures or a concomitant infection.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Delayed effect of progesterone on endometrial morphology in dairy cows.

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of vaginal progesterone (P4) administered during the luteal phase, on endometrial morphology during the subsequent oestrous cycle. In experiment 1, lactating Holstein cows were allotted to three groups: (1) Control group in which cows remained untreated; (2) The CIDR group in which cows were treated with two P4-containing controlled intravaginal-drug releasing devices (CIDR) during days (d) 6-12 of the cycle; and (3) The PG + CIDR group of cows that received two prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) injections on d 6 and 7 of the oestrous cycle, to regress the corpus luteum (CL), and were treated with CIDRs on d 6-12, like the CIDR group. All cows were slaughtered on d 3 of the subsequent oestrous cycle. In experiment 2, cows were allotted to three groups: (1) Control cows that remained untreated; (2) CIDR cows that were treated with two CIDRs from d 6 to 15; and (3) Early PG cows that received three i.m. injections of PGF2 alpha on d 3 and 4 of the oestrous cycle to reduce plasma P4. All cows were slaughtered on d 15 of the subsequent cycle. In both experiments, blood was collected during the treated and subsequent cycles to determine P4 and oestradiol (E2) concentrations, and tissue samples from the uterine horn ipsilateral to the CL were collected on the day of slaughter to evaluate endometrial morphology. In both experiments, plasma P4 differed between treatments during the treated cycle but no differences in P4 and E2 concentrations were recorded during the subsequent cycle. In experiment 1, the endometrial morphology of the cows from CIDR and PG + CIDR groups differed from that found in the control group: The surface epithelium was medium to high and the glands were round and tortuous, as compared with low epithelium and oblong glands in the control. In addition, the density of blood vessels and the level of edema was higher in the CIDR-treated cows than in the control cows. In experiment 2, the endometrial morphology of the CIDR-treated group differed from that of the control and early PG groups: Low surface epithelium and oblong glands in the former compared with high epithelium and tortuous glands in the latter. In summary, P4 supplementation during the luteal phase had delayed effect on endometrial morphology at different stages of the subsequent oestrous cycle.

Administration, Intravaginal↗

PubMed1997

Effect of calcium soaps of fatty acids and administration of somatotropin in early lactation on productive and reproductive performance of high producing dairy cows.

This study examined the mechanisms by which calcium soaps of fatty acids and bovine somatotropin (bST) affect production and reproduction of high producing cows. Calcium soaps of fatty acids were fed at 2.2% dry matter, and 500 mg of Zn-sometribove (Monsanto Inc., St Louis, MO) were injected subcutaneously every 14 d from 10 to 150 d in milk (DIM). Production of fat-corrected milk was increased by 3.5 kg/d when calcium soaps of fatty acids were fed, by 6.1 kg/d when bST was administered, and by 7.4 kg/d when calcium soaps of fatty acids were fed and bST was administered. Body weight was similar for cows on all treatments until 85 DIM after which cows that were treated with bST had lower body weights. Body condition scores decreased more for cows treated with bST and began increasing later and more slowly. Treatment with bST resulted in more cows that experienced first ovulation after 30 DIM, and more cows on the control treatment exhibited first estrus before 35 DIM. Days open were greater when bST was administered. After the first artificial insemination, conception rates were similar for cows on the control treatment and for cows fed calcium soaps of fatty acids; conception rates after the first artificial insemination were low for all cows treated with bST. Pregnancy rates at 120 and 150 DIM were decreased by bST. Number of DIM to first ovulation, number of DIM to first estrus, and days open were negatively correlated with glucose and cholesterol concentrations in plasma. Production of fat-corrected milk was correlated with days open and with concentrations of triglycerides in plasma, nonesterified fatty acids, and cholesterol. Increased production had different effects on reproduction when induced by calcium soaps of fatty acids or bST treatment. Some of the adverse effects of bST treatments were alleviated by calcium soaps of fatty acids.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Increased weight gain and effects on production parameters of Holstein heifer calves that were allowed to suckle from birth to six weeks of age.

Forty Holstein heifer calves were assigned to two treatments. Control calves (n = 20) were fed milk replacer in open buckets, and calves that were allowed to suckle (n = 20) were paired and suckled the same dam three times daily. Treatments were conducted during the first 6 wk following birth; thereafter, all calves received the same management, and weaning was at 60 d of age. During treatment, calves that were allowed to suckle had significantly higher average daily gains than did control calves. However, at 12 wk of age, calves that were allowed to suckle had significantly lower body weights (BW) than did control calves. Age at conception was significantly lower, and BW at conception and conception rate tended to be higher, for calves that were allowed to suckle. Calving age was significantly earlier for heifers that had been allowed to suckle as calves, and BW at calving also tended to be higher. Height at the withers after calving was also significantly higher for those heifers. Milk production during first lactation tended to be higher for the heifers that had been allowed to suckle as calves. Our results indicated that heifer calves that suckled milk during the first 42 d of age had higher average daily gains, higher height at the withers, an earlier age at calving, and a tendency for greater milk production than did calves fed milk replacer.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1995

Relationship between frequent milking or suckling in early lactation and milk production of high producing dairy cows.

Groups of 9 or 10 cows were assigned to one of three treatments 1) machine-milking three times daily, 2) machine-milking six times daily, and 3) suckling three times daily in addition to machine- milking three times daily. Treatments were conducted during the first 6 wk postpartum; thereafter, all cows were milked three times daily. During treatment, milk production was highest for suckled cows and lowest for cows milked three times daily. The DMI were similar for suckled cows and cows milked three times daily but higher for those milked six times daily. Body weight loss was greatest for suckled cows and least for cows milked three times daily. During wk 7 to 18 postpartum, cows milked six times daily exhibited a carry-over effect on milk production that was greater than that of other groups, During treatment, plasma growth hormone and IGF-I concentrations were elevated for suckled cows and, to a lesser extent, for cows milked six times daily. Prolactin and oxytocin similarly increased, but insulin decreased in suckled cows and, to a lesser extent, in cows milked six times daily. Posttreatment differences persisted for insulin and IGF-I, but not for the other hormones. Increased frequency of udder emptying increased milk production, and suckling was superior to machine-milking. High milk production was associated with elevated growth hormone, IGF-I, prolactin, and oxytocin, although cause and effect could not be established. The failure of suckled cows to increase feed intake to match output requires further investigation.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Sequential levels of ceftriaxone in intervertebral disc removed as part of scoliosis surgery.

A single intravenous loading dose of 1 g ceftriaxone was injected at different intervals before surgery for correction of spinal scoliosis. Serum and concomitant disc samples were obtained and assay was performed using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Data showed that the antibiotic levels in intervertebral disc space reached 3.5 mcg/mg, which is above the minimum inhibitory concentration for most of the relevant pathogens, as early as 1 hour after intravenous administration. These therapeutic levels were maintained for more than 5 hours, an accepted period for most spinal surgical procedures.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Functional recovery after operative treatment of femoral neck fractures in an institutionalized elderly population.

Agreement that hip fracture is best treated surgically stems from the fact that early mobilization of the patient reduces morbidity and mortality. This concept was tested in 54 elderly, institutionalized patients with femoral neck fractures who were operatively treated. The patients were reviewed within 12 months after being injured. Their average age was 81.2 years, and 94% of the patients were women. Seventy-five percent of the study population had neurological disease or heart disease and were thus limited in their motivation or ability to participate in a rehabilitation program. Only 16.7% of the patients regained their overall functional ability and only 12.9% returned to their pre-injury, ambulatory status. The therapeutic concept should be reviewed and the conservative approach be given serious consideration.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1994

Penetration of ceftriaxone into the intervertebral disc.

Concentrations of ceftriaxone in serum and intervertebral disc tissue were determined with high-pressure liquid chromatography in forty-five patients after a single intravenous loading dose of 1000 milligrams given at different intervals before an operation on the spine. The mean serum concentrations in this study corresponded well with reported values. The mean tissue concentrations were 5.6 micrograms per gram (95 per cent confidence interval, 3.6 to 6.8 micrograms per gram) one to less than two hours after administration of the antibiotic, 6.4 micrograms per gram (95 per cent confidence interval, 2.8 to 10.0 micrograms per gram) two to less than four hours, and 3.6 micrograms per gram (95 per cent confidence interval, 0.6 to 6.6 micrograms per gram) at fourteen to less than sixteen hours. These drug concentrations exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration that was effective against 90 per cent of the bacteria for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus; for Streptococcus pyogenes, agalactiae, viridans, pneumoniae, and bovis; and for community-acquired Enterobacteriaceae. The average serum-to-tissue ratio was 191:1 at less than one-half hour and 13:1 at less than one and a half hours. The lower values of the 95 per cent confidence intervals for the concentration of the antibiotic exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentrations in the disc tissue against most susceptible bacteria during the period between one and a half and four hours, but a larger bolus would be needed to maintain this level for a longer period (such as in a longer operation) and as prophylaxis against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci.

Body Weight↗

PubMed1994

Effect of dietary calcium soaps on milk yield, body weight, reproductive hormones, and fertility in first parity and older cows.

The effects were determined of dietary Ca soaps of fatty acids fed to cows to 120 DIM on milk yield, BW, peripheral concentrations of reproductive hormones, and fertility in primiparous and multiparous cows. Milk yield was increased in primiparous and multiparous cows fed Ca soaps, and milk fat and protein yields were enhanced. Body weight losses were greater for all cows fed Ca soaps, and this trend was greater and longer lasting in primiparous cows than in multiparous cows. Plasma triglyceride concentrations were elevated in multiparous cows, but FFA tended to be higher in primiparous cows fed Ca soaps. Conception rate at first AI was lower for primiparous cows fed Ca soaps (33%) than for controls (74%), but differences were not significant for later AI or between multiparous groups. No differences were apparent for plasma progesterone or estradiol in the luteal or follicular phases preceding the first AI, and differences in mean luteinizing hormone concentrations were small in a 6-h window in the follicular phase. The differences in conception rate at first AI in primiparous cows could not be explained on the basis of changes in peripheral hormone concentrations. The enhanced negative energy balance in primiparous cows fed Ca soaps apparently was related to the decrease in their conception rate.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Accelerometric assessment of osseous union.

Study of the dynamic structure response of the long bone has demonstrated the potential to provide an objective quantitative test of fracture healing. The method described consists of monitoring the propagation of a mechanical wave across the fracture site. This wave--generated by the fall of a steel ball from a constant height on a subcutaneous bony protuberance--was monitored on the side opposite the fracture gap by a light-weight accelerometer and traced on a beam-storage oscilloscope. The signals received were found to correlate linearly with the different stages of the fracture welding, as shown by accepted clinical and radiological practice. It seems feasible that the method, being noninvasive, reproducible, simple, painless, and inexpensive, may be used to measure the parameters of fracture healing that are of clinical and scientific interest.

Child↗

PubMed1993

Fractures of the scapula associated with traumatic paralysis: a pathomechanical indicator.

In this study, 25 cases of fracture of the scapula associated with traumatic paralysis were reviewed. The vast majority of the patients were young males, victims of high-speed traffic accidents. Of the vertebral injuries in this population, 76 per cent occurred in the thoracic region, 20 per cent in the lower cervical region and only one in the lumbar region. Complete paralysis was documented in 84 per cent of the patients. The characteristics of spinal column failure are determined by the anatomical configuration and the direction and energy of the impact. Important information about the latter can be extrapolated from careful analysis of the associated fractures.

Accidents, Traffic↗

PubMed1992

Management of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis with spinal cord compression in the elderly.

Five elderly and debilitated patients presented with compressive myelopathy due to pyogenic spondylitis. All had undergone surgery which consisted of eradication of the infected tissue via an anterior approach followed by primary bone graft. Supplementary antibiotic treatment was determined by intraoperative bacteriological culture. This aggressive approach, disregarding the patients' advanced age and poor general medical state, resulted in total resolution of the neurological deficit and the patients' return to their preoperative everyday activity.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Does the anteroposterior diameter of the bony spinal canal reflect its size? An anatomical study.

Nine anatomical parameters that may have a relation to the spinal canal size were directly measured in each of 594 cervical and lumbar vertebrae from young adult cadaver skeletons. The anteroposterior diameter of the spinal canal was the only parameter which could be statistically correlated with its cross-sectional area (P less than 0.05), and hence justifies the accepted practice of its use as an indicator of bony spinal canal size.

Humans↗

PubMed1991

Effect of feeding calcium soaps of fatty acids on production and reproductive responses in high producing lactating cows.

The effect of feeding Ca soaps of fatty acids for 120 d from parturition on productive and reproductive performance of dairy cows was examined, together with changes in blood lipids and progesterone. Cows fed Ca soaps received 1.5 Mcal NE1 d more than controls fed isonitrogenous and equi-forage rations. Cows fed Ca soaps produced more milk and fat for 60 d, and more FCM for 90 d after calving. In these cows, BW decreased more, and reached a minimum later than controls. Plasma free fatty acids were higher until 50 d postpartum, when phospholipid, and later triglyceride, concentrations were elevated. Cows fed soaps commenced ovarian cyclicity later than controls as shown by frequency distribution of the time required to reach cyclic plasma progesterone concentrations, 2 ng/ml progesterone in plasma, or behavioral estrus. However, once cyclicity commenced, more fat-fed cows had normal cycle length (18 to 26 d) than controls. Progesterone concentrations were higher in Ca soap-fed cows in the luteal phase before AI and were higher 9 and 24 d after AI in percent that conceived. Conception rate was higher in cows fed Ca soaps for 2nd to 4th AI, a higher proportion of cows were pregnant at 150 d after calving and number of open days was reduced. Feeding Ca soaps of fatty acids resulted in higher production at the expense of body reserves close to calving, and subsequently enhanced lipid concentrations in plasma. Higher progesterone production was accompanied by increased pregnancy rate and reduced open days.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1990

Management of reproduction in dairy heifers based on the synchronization of estrous cycles.

Israeli-Holstein breed dairy heifers (n=571), 13 to 15 mo old, were utilized in two experiments. In Experiment 1, the reproductive performance of synchronized heifers was compared with that of untreated controls. The heifers in both groups were inseminated following the detection of estrus. In Experiment 2, all heifers were synchronized and inseminated following the detection of estrus. Half of the animals in this experiment also received one or two fixed-time inseminations 72 and 96 h after the last synchronization treatment. Synchronization of estrous cycles was performed by two prostaglandin F2alpha (PG) injections given 12 d apart. In the control group of Experiment 1, observation of estrous behavior and insemination of heifers detected in estrus were carried out daily throughout the experiment. In the synchronized groups of Experiments 1 and in 2, the management of reproduction consisted of estrus detection followed by the insemination of heifers in estrus carried out only during 6 d of every 3 wk. Five days following the second PG injection, 86% of the heifers were detected in estrus, 71% of them at 49 to 96 h after treatment. In Experiment 1, age at first insemination, age at conception, and conception rate were, respectively, 425 d, 446 d and 54% in the control group vs 432 d (P<0.02), 449 d and 62% in the PG-treated group. In Experiment 2, the respective figures were 436 d, 462 d and 59% in the group inseminated following the detection of estrus vs 427 d (P<0.002), 464 d and 51% (P<0.05) in the group in which heifers were inseminated at estrus and also received one or two fixed-time inseminations.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1990

Progesterone production and clearance in cyclic ewes passively immunized against progesterone.

The effects of passive immunization of ewes against progesterone on plasma progesterone concentrations and on the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and production rate (PR) of progesterone were investigated. Three treatment groups were studied: 1) nonimmunized controls, 2) ewes passively immunized with antiprogesterone serum, and 3) immunized progestagen-treated ewes, treated concomitantly with anti-serum and with a synthetic progestagen that is not bound by the antiserum. Progesterone levels in the immunized ewes reached a maximum of 27.7+/-4.8 nmol/l and were significantly higher (P<0.05) than in the nonimmunized controls (9.2+/-1.1 mol/l) or the immunized progestagen-treated ewes (15.6+/-1.6 nmol/l). Mean progesterone MCR in the immunized ewes was 1.6+/-0.5 and 2.1+/-0.3 liter/min on Days 7 and 13 of the estrous cycle, respectively, compared with 0.8+/-0.2 and 1.4+/-0.3 liter/min, respectively, in nonimmunized controls. The progesterone production rate in the immunized ewes was significantly higher than in nonimmunized controls, and reached 12.0+/-2.2 and 19.7+/-1.6 nmol/min on Days 7 and 13 of the estrous cycle, respectively, compared with 4.6+/-0.6 and 10.0+/-2.5 nmol/min in nonimmunized controls (P<0.03 for both comparisons). Treatment with progestagen had no significant effect on progesterone MCR or PR of immunized ewes. The LH pulse frequency on Days 10 to 11 of the cycle was 0.7+/-0.3, 1.8+/-0.3 and 0.0+/-0.0 pulses/6 h in the control, immunized and immunized progestagen-treated groups, respectively (P<0.05). It is concluded that the increased plasma progesterone levels in the immunized ewes are the result of an increased progesterone production rate, which may have been induced by an increase in gonadotrophin secretion or by a direct effect of the anti-progesterone serum on the ovary.

Journal Article↗